Sophocles · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Sophocles, Electra 251–327: First episode: Electra describes her life in the house

Electra apologises to the Chorus for her vehemence, and says that she cannot do otherwise when she sees Aegisthus on her father's throne, wearing his robes and pouring libations at the hearth where he killed him. She says that her mother joins in these outrages and reviles her, and that Orestes keeps putting off his return. The Chorus ask whether Aegisthus is at home, and she says that he is in the country, and they see Chrysothemis coming from the house with offerings.

Lines 251–327 · 709 words · click a number to copy its link
Χορός 251ἐγὼ μέν, ὦ παῖ, καὶ τὸ σὸν σπεύδουσʼ ἅμα καὶ τοὐμὸν αὐτῆς ἦλθον· εἰ δὲ μὴ καλῶς λέγω, σὺ νίκα· σοὶ γὰρ ἑψόμεσθʼ ἅμα. Ἠλέκτρα αἰσχύνομαι μέν, ὦ γυναῖκες, εἰ δοκῶ 255πολλοῖσι θρήνοις δυσφορεῖν ὑμῖν ἄγαν. ἀλλʼ ἡ βία γὰρ ταῦτʼ ἀναγκάζει με δρᾶν, σύγγνωτε· πῶς γὰρ ἥτις εὐγενὴς γυνή, πατρῷʼ ὁρῶσα πήματʼ, οὐ δρῴη τάδʼ ἄν; ἁγὼ κατʼ ἦμαρ καὶ κατʼ εὐφρόνην ἀεὶ 260θάλλοντα μᾶλλον ἢ καταφθίνονθʼ ὁρῶ· ᾗ πρῶτα μὲν τὰ μητρός, ἥ μʼ ἐγείνατο, ἔχθιστα συμβέβηκεν· εἶτα δώμασιν ἐν τοῖς ἐμαυτῆς τοῖς φονεῦσι τοῦ πατρὸς ξύνειμι, κἀκ τῶνδʼ ἄρχομαι κἀκ τῶνδέ μοι 265λαβεῖν θʼ ὁμοίως καὶ τὸ τητᾶσθαι πέλει. ἔπειτα ποίας ἡμέρας δοκεῖς μʼ ἄγειν, ὅταν θρόνοις Αἴγισθον ἐνθακοῦντʼ ἴδω τοῖσιν πατρῴοις, εἰσίδω δʼ ἐσθήματα φοροῦντʼ ἐκείνῳ ταὐτὰ καὶ παρεστίους 270σπένδοντα λοιβὰς ἔνθʼ ἐκεῖνον ὤλεσεν, ἴδω δὲ τούτων τὴν τελευταίαν ὕβριν, τὸν αὐτοέντην ἡμὶν ἐν κοίτῃ πατρὸς ξὺν τῇ ταλαίνῃ μητρί, μητέρʼ εἰ χρεὼν ταύτην προσαυδᾶν τῷδε συγκοιμωμένην· 275ἡ δʼ ὧδε τλήμων ὥστε τῷ μιάστορι ξύνεστʼ, ἐρινὺν οὔτινʼ ἐκφοβουμένη· ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἐγγελῶσα τοῖς ποιουμένοις, εὑροῦσʼ ἐκείνην ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ τότε πατέρα τὸν ἀμὸν ἐκ δόλου κατέκτανεν, 280ταύτῃ χοροὺς ἵστησι καὶ μηλοσφαγεῖ θεοῖσιν ἔμμηνʼ ἱερὰ τοῖς σωτηρίοις.

Chorus I came, my child, mindful of your interests no less than my own. But if what I say is wrong, let your way prevail; for united we will follow you.

Electra I am ashamed, my friends, if you judge me too intolerant with my many laments; but, since rough compulsion forces me to act this way, forgive me. How indeed could any woman of noble nature not act, when she sees her father’s sufferings as I see them day and night continually, and flourishing rather than fading? First, everything to do with the mother who bore me has become most hateful towards me; next, in my own home I live with my father’s murderers; they rule over me and from them equally I either have or do without. And then think what manner of days I pass, when I see Aegisthus sitting on my father’s throne; when I look on him wearing the very robes which my father wore and pouring libations at the hearth where he killed him; and when I see the chief outrage of them all, the murderer in my father’s bed at my wretched mother’s side, if I must call her mother, even though she shares her bed with that man. So hardened is she that she joins with this polluter, fearing no Erinys. No, as if laughing at her deeds, having found the day on which in the past she treacherously killed my father, she celebrates it with dance and song, and in monthly rites she sacrifices sheep to the gods who worked her deliverance.

Electra

282ἐγὼ δʼ ὁρῶσʼ ἡ δύσμορος κατὰ στέγας κλαίω, τέτηκα, κἀπικωκύω πατρὸς τὴν δυστάλαιναν δαῖτʼ ἐπωνομασμένην 285αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτήν. οὐδὲ γὰρ κλαῦσαι πάρα τοσόνδʼ ὅσον μοι θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει. αὕτη γὰρ ἡ λόγοισι γενναία γυνὴ φωνοῦσα τοιάδʼ ἐξονειδίζει κακά· ὦ δύσθεον μίσημα, σοὶ μόνῃ πατὴρ 290τέθνηκεν; ἄλλος δʼ οὔτις ἐν πένθει βροτῶν; κακῶς ὄλοιο, μηδέ σʼ ἐκ γόων ποτὲ τῶν νῦν ἀπαλλάξειαν οἱ κάτω θεοί. τάδʼ ἐξυβρίζει· πλὴν ὅταν κλύῃ τινὸς ἥξοντʼ Ὀρέστην· τηνικαῦτα δʼ ἐμμανὴς 295βοᾷ παραστᾶσʼ· οὐ σύ μοι τῶνδʼ αἰτία; οὐ σὸν τόδʼ ἐστὶ τοὔργον, ἥτις ἐκ χερῶν κλέψασʼ Ὀρέστην τῶν ἐμῶν ὑπεξέθου; ἀλλʼ ἴσθι τοι τίσουσά γʼ ἀξίαν δίκην. τοιαῦθʼ ὑλακτεῖ, σὺν δʼ ἐποτρύνει πέλας 300ὁ κλεινὸς αὐτῇ ταὐτὰ νυμφίος παρών, ὁ πάντʼ ἄναλκις οὗτος, ἡ πᾶσα βλάβη, ὁ σὺν γυναιξὶ τὰς μάχας ποιούμενος. ἐγὼ δʼ Ὀρέστην τῶνδε προσμένουσʼ ἀεὶ παυστῆρʼ ἐφήξειν ἡ τάλαινʼ ἀπόλλυμαι. 305μέλλων γὰρ ἀεὶ δρᾶν τι τὰς οὔσας τέ μου καὶ τὰς ἀπούσας ἐλπίδας διέφθορεν. ἐν οὖν τοιούτοις οὔτε σωφρονεῖν, φίλαι, οὔτʼ εὐσεβεῖν πάρεστιν· ἀλλʼ ἔν τοι κακοῖς πολλή ʼστʼ ἀνάγκη κἀπιτηδεύειν κακά.

But I, as I joylessly witness it, cry out, waste away in the house and bewail the unholy feast named after my father, in solitary weeping. For I cannot even grieve to the full extent which would please my heart, since this lady, who is in fact no lady, loudly reproaches me with such shameless taunts as these: Wicked and hateful girl, have you alone lost your father, and is no one else in the world grieving? May your death be harsh, and may the gods below never free you from your current mourning. Just so she abuses me, except when she gets word that Orestes is coming. Then, infuriated, she comes up to me and cries;—Have you not brought this upon me? Is this not your doing, since you stole Orestes from my hands and secretly sent him away? Yes—but rest assured that you will be justly punished. Like this she barks, and in agreement her glorious bridegroom by her side urges her on—that total impotent, that utter plague who fights his battles with the help of women. But my heart is broken by my suffering as I constantly wait for Orestes to come and end these troubles. For the perpetual imminence of his actions has eradicated every hope that I could conceive. In such a state of affairs, then, friends, there is no room for self-restraint or for reverence. Rather, in these dire straits there is much need to pursue a dire course.

Χορός 310φέρʼ εἰπέ, πότερον ὄντος Αἰγίσθου πέλας λέγεις τάδʼ ἡμῖν ἢ βεβῶτος ἐκ δόμων; Ἠλέκτρα ἦ κάρτα· μὴ δόκει μʼ ἄν, εἴπερ ἦν πέλας, θυραῖον οἰχνεῖν· νῦν δʼ ἀγροῖσι τυγχάνει. Χορός ἦ κἂν ἐγὼ θαρσοῦσα μᾶλλον ἐς λόγους 315τοὺς σοὺς ἱκοίμην, εἴπερ ὧδε ταῦτʼ ἔχει; Ἠλέκτρα ὡς νῦν ἀπόντος ἱστόρει· τί σοι φίλον; Χορός καὶ δή σʼ ἐρωτῶ· τοῦ κασιγνήτου τί φής, ἥξοντος ἢ μέλλοντος; εἰδέναι θέλω. Ἠλέκτρα φησίν γε· φάσκων δʼ οὐδὲν ὧν λέγει ποεῖ. Χορός 320φιλεῖ γὰρ ὀκνεῖν πρᾶγμʼ ἀνὴρ πράσσων μέγα. Ἠλέκτρα καὶ μὴν ἔγωγʼ ἔσωσʼ ἐκεῖνον οὐκ ὄκνῳ. Χορός θάρσει· πέφυκεν ἐσθλός, ὥστʼ ἀρκεῖν φίλοις. Ἠλέκτρα πέποιθʼ, ἐπεί τἂν οὐ μακρὰν ἔζων ἐγώ. Χορός μὴ νῦν ἔτʼ εἴπῃς μηδέν· ὡς δόμων ὁρῶ 325τὴν σὴν ὅμαιμον ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν, Χρυσόθεμιν, ἔκ τε μητρός, ἐντάφια χεροῖν φέρουσαν, οἷα τοῖς κάτω νομίζεται.

Chorus Tell me, is Aegisthus nearby as you speak these words to us, or has he left the house?

Electra He is gone, to be sure. Do not think that I would have come to the doors, if he were nearby. He happens now to be in the country.

Chorus Might I converse with you more boldly, if this is so?

Electra He is not here, so question me. What is it you want?

Chorus I ask you, then, what report can you give of your brother? Will he come soon, or is he delaying? I wish to know.

Electra He says he will come, but although he promises he never does what he says.

Chorus True, a man will hesitate on the verge of a great undertaking.

Electra And yet I saved him with no hesitation.

Chorus Take heart: he is noble enough to stand by his friends.

Electra I believe it; otherwise I would not have remained alive so long.

Chorus Say no more now, since I see your sister coming from the house, Chrysothemis, offspring of the same father and mother. In her hands are sepulchral offerings, such as are customary for those in the world below.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1894). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Electra, Cambridge University Press, 1894 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.