Aeschylus · Libation Bearers Χοηφόροι

Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 84–151: First episode: Electra pours the libations

Electra asks the Chorus what to say as she pours the libations sent by her mother. The women tell her to pray for good to those who love Agamemnon, and for vengeance on his killers. She prays to Hermes and to her father, asking for Orestes to return and for a more chaste life than her mother's, and she calls on the women to crown the libations with lament.

Lines 84–151 · 702 words · click a number to copy its link

Electra

84δμωαὶ γυναῖκες, δωμάτων εὐθήμονες, 85ἐπεὶ πάρεστε τῆσδε προστροπῆς ἐμοὶ πομποί, γένεσθε τῶνδε σύμβουλοι πέρι· τί φῶ χέουσα τάσδε κηδείους χοάς; πῶς εὔφρονʼ εἴπω, πῶς κατεύξομαι πατρί; πότερα λέγουσα παρὰ φίλης φίλῳ φέρειν 90γυναικὸς ἀνδρί, τῆς ἐμῆς μητρὸς πάρα; τῶνδʼ οὐ πάρεστι θάρσος, οὐδʼ ἔχω τί φῶ, χέουσα τόνδε πέλανον ἐν τύμβῳ πατρός. ἢ τοῦτο φάσκω τοὔπος, ὡς νόμος βροτοῖς, ἔσθλʼ ἀντιδοῦναι τοῖσι πέμπουσιν τάδε 95στέφη, δόσιν γε τῶν κακῶν ἐπαξίαν; ἢ σῖγʼ ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ, τάδʼ ἐκχέασα, γάποτον χύσιν, στείχω καθάρμαθʼ ὥς τις ἐκπέμψας πάλιν δικοῦσα τεῦχος ἀστρόφοισιν ὄμμασιν; 100τῆσδʼ ἐστὲ βουλῆς, ὦ φίλαι, μεταίτιαι· κοινὸν γὰρ ἔχθος ἐν δόμοις νομίζομεν. μὴ κεύθετʼ ἔνδον καρδίας φόβῳ τινός. τὸ μόρσιμον γὰρ τόν τʼ ἐλεύθερον μένει καὶ τὸν πρὸς ἄλλης δεσποτούμενον χερός. 105λέγοις ἄν, εἴ τι τῶνδʼ ἔχοις ὑπέρτερον.

You handmaidens who set our house in order, since you are here as my attendants in this rite of supplication, give me your counsel on this: what should I say while I pour these offerings of sorrow? How shall I find gracious words, how shall I entreat my father? Shall I say that I bring these offerings to a loved husband from a loving wife—from my own mother? I do not have the assurance for that, nor do I know what I should say as I pour this libation onto my father’s tomb. Or shall I speak the words that men are accustomed to use: To those who send these honors may he return benefits— a gift, indeed, to match their evil? Or, in silence and dishonor, even as my father perished, shall I pour them out for the earth to drink and then retrace my steps, like one who carries refuse away from a rite, hurling the vessel from me with averted eyes? In this, my friends, be my fellow-counsellors. For we cherish a common hatred within our house. Do not hide your counsel in your hearts in fear of anyone. For the portion of fate awaits both the free man and the man enslaved by another’s hand. If you have a better course to urge, speak!

Χορός 106αἰδουμένη σοι βωμὸν ὡς τύμβον πατρὸς λέξω, κελεύεις γάρ, τὸν ἐκ φρενὸς λόγον. Ἠλέκτρα λέγοις ἄν, ὥσπερ ᾐδέσω τάφον πατρός. Χορός φθέγγου χέουσα κεδνὰ τοῖσιν εὔφροσιν. Ἠλέκτρα 110τίνας δὲ τούτους τῶν φίλων προσεννέπω; Χορός πρῶτον μὲν αὑτὴν χὤστις Αἴγισθον στυγεῖ. Ἠλέκτρα ἐμοί τε καὶ σοί τἄρʼ ἐπεύξομαι τάδε; Χορός αὐτὴ σὺ ταῦτα μανθάνουσʼ ἤδη φράσαι. Ἠλέκτρα τίνʼ οὖν ἔτʼ ἄλλον τῇδε προστιθῶ στάσει; Χορός 115μέμνησʼ Ὀρέστου, κεἰ θυραῖός ἐσθʼ ὅμως. Ἠλέκτρα εὖ τοῦτο, κἀφρένωσας οὐχ ἥκιστά με. Χορός τοῖς αἰτίοις νῦν τοῦ φόνου μεμνημένη— Ἠλέκτρα τί φῶ; δίδασκʼ ἄπειρον ἐξηγουμένη. Χορός ἐλθεῖν τινʼ αὐτοῖς δαίμονʼ ἢ βροτῶν τινα— Ἠλέκτρα 120πότερα δικαστὴν ἢ δικηφόρον λέγεις; Χορός ἅπλῶς τι φράζουσʼ, ὅστις ἀνταποκτενεῖ. Ἠλέκτρα καὶ ταῦτά μοὐστὶν εὐσεβῆ θεῶν πάρα; Χορός πῶς δʼ οὐ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἀνταμείβεσθαι κακοῖς; Ἠλέκτρα κῆρυξ μέγιστε τῶν ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω, ἄρηξον, Ἑρμῆ χθόνιε, κηρύξας ἐμοὶ 125τοὺς γῆς ἔνερθε δαίμονας κλύειν ἐμὰς εὐχάς, πατρῴων δωμάτων ἐπισκόπους, καὶ Γαῖαν αὐτήν, ἣ τὰ πάντα τίκτεται, θρέψασά τʼ αὖθις τῶνδε κῦμα λαμβάνει· κἀγὼ χέουσα τάσδε χέρνιβας βροτοῖς 130λέγω καλοῦσα πατέρʼ, ἐποίκτιρόν τʼ ἐμὲ φίλον τʼ Ὀρέστην· πῶς ἀνάξομεν δόμοις; πεπραμένοι γὰρ νῦν γέ πως ἀλώμεθα πρὸς τῆς τεκούσης, ἄνδρα δʼ ἀντηλλάξατο Αἴγισθον, ὅσπερ σοῦ φόνου μεταίτιος. 135κἀγὼ μὲν ἀντίδουλος· ἐκ δὲ χρημάτων φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν, οἱ δʼ ὑπερκόπως ἐν τοῖσι σοῖς πόνοισι χλίουσιν μέγα. ἐλθεῖν δʼ Ὀρέστην δεῦρο σὺν τύχῃ τινὶ κατεύχομαί σοι, καὶ σὺ κλῦθί μου, πάτερ· 140αὐτῇ τέ μοι δὸς σωφρονεστέραν πολὺ μητρὸς γενέσθαι χεῖρά τʼ εὐσεβεστέραν. ἡμῖν μὲν εὐχὰς τάσδε, τοῖς δʼ ἐναντίοις λέγω φανῆναί σου, πάτερ, τιμάορον, καὶ τοὺς κτανόντας ἀντικατθανεῖν δίκῃ. 145ταῦτʼ ἐν μέσῳ τίθημι τῆς καλῆς ἀρᾶς, κείνοις λέγουσα τήνδε τὴν κακὴν ἀράν· ἡμῖν δὲ πομπὸς ἴσθι τῶν ἐσθλῶν ἄνω, σὺν θεοῖσι καὶ γῇ καὶ δίκῃ νικηφόρῳ. τοιαῖσδʼ ἐπʼ εὐχαῖς τάσδʼ ἐπισπένδω χοάς. 150ὑμᾶς δὲ κωκυτοῖς ἐπανθίζειν νόμος, παιᾶνα τοῦ θανόντος ἐξαυδωμένας.

Chorus In reverence for your father’s tomb, as if it were an altar, I will speak my thoughts from the heart, since you command me.

Electra Speak, even as you revere my father’s grave.

Chorus While you pour, utter benedictions for loyal hearts.

Electra And to whom of those dear to me should I address them?

Chorus First to yourself, then to whoever hates Aegisthus.

Electra Then for myself and for you also shall I make this prayer?

Chorus That is for you, using your judgment, to consider now for yourself.

Electra Then whom else should I add to our company?

Chorus Remember Orestes, though he is still away from home.

Electra Well said! You have indeed admonished me thoughtfully.

Chorus For the guilty murderers now, mindful of—

Electra What should I say? Instruct my inexperience, prescribe the form.

Chorus Pray that some divinity or some mortal may come to them—

Electra As judge or as avenger, do you mean?

Chorus Say in plain speech, One who will take life for life.

Electra And is it right for me to ask this of the gods?

Chorus How could it not be right to repay an enemy with ills?

Electra Supreme herald of the realm above and the realm below, O Hermes of the nether world, come to my aid, summon to me the spirits beneath the earth to hear my prayers, spirits that watch over my father’s house, and Earth herself, who gives birth to all things, and having nurtured them receives their increase in turn. And meanwhile, as I pour these lustral offerings to the dead, I invoke my father: Have pity both on me and on dear Orestes! How shall we rule our own house? For now we are bartered away like vagrants by her who bore us, by her who in exchange got as her mate Aegisthus, who was her accomplice in your murder. As for me, I am no better than a slave, Orestes is an outcast from his inheritance, while they in their insolence revel openly in the winnings of your toil. But that Orestes may come home with good fortune I pray to you, father: Oh, hearken to me! And as for myself, grant that I may prove far more circumspect than my mother and more reverent in deed. I utter these prayers on our behalf, but I ask that your avenger appear to our foes, father, and that your killers may be killed in just retribution. So I interrupt my prayer for good to offer them this prayer for evil. But be a bearer of blessings for us to the upper world, with the help of the gods and Earth and Justice crowned with victory. Such are my prayers, and over them I pour out these libations. It is right for you to crown them with lamentations, raising your voices in a chant for the dead.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth (modernised by Perseus) (1926). Original text: Greek text: Herbert Weir Smyth (ed. and trans.), Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926, as digitised by Perseus. English: Herbert Weir Smyth, Aeschylus, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1926 (Perseus's modernised version of Smyth's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Libation Bearers 84–151: Electra pours the libations