Euripides · Electra Ἠλέκτρα

Euripides, Electra 339–400: First episode: the Peasant welcomes the strangers

The Chorus sees the Peasant coming home, and he is troubled to see young men at his gate, but Electra tells him that they are messengers from Orestes. He says that they must come in and be given what hospitality his poor house can offer. Orestes remarks that there is no exact way to test a man's worth, and wonders that this poor man is so noble, and says that they will lodge in his house.

Lines 339–400 · 606 words · click a number to copy its link

Chorus Leader

339καὶ μὴν δέδορκα τόνδε, σὸν λέγω πόσιν, 340λήξαντα μόχθου πρὸς δόμους ὡρμημένον.

And look, I see him, I mean your husband, on his way home, his day’s work done.

Αὐτουργός 341ἔα· τίνας τούσδʼ ἐν πύλαις ὁρῶ ξένους; τίνος δʼ ἕκατι τάσδʼ ἐπʼ ἀγραύλους πύλας προσῆλθον; ἦ ʼμοῦ δεόμενοι; γυναικί τοι αἰσχρὸν μετʼ ἀνδρῶν ἑστάναι νεανιῶν. Ἠλέκτρα 345ὦ φίλτατʼ, εἰς ὕποπτα μὴ μόλῃς ἐμοί· τὸν ὄντα δʼ εἴσῃ μῦθον· οἵδε γὰρ ξένοι ἥκουσʼ Ὀρέστου πρός με κήρυκες λόγων. ἀλλʼ, ὦ ξένοι, σύγγνωτε τοῖς εἰρημένοις. Αὐτουργός τί φασίν; ἁνὴρ ἔστι καὶ λεύσσει φάος; Ἠλέκτρα 350ἔστιν λόγῳ γοῦν, φασὶ δʼ οὐκ ἄπιστʼ ἐμοί. Αὐτουργός ἦ καί τι πατρὸς σῶν τε μέμνηται κακῶν; Ἠλέκτρα ἐν ἐλπίσιν ταῦτʼ· ἀσθενὴς φεύγων ἀνήρ. Αὐτουργός ἦλθον δʼ Ὀρέστου τίνʼ ἀγορεύοντες λόγον; Ἠλέκτρα σκοποὺς ἔπεμψε τούσδε τῶν ἐμῶν κακῶν. Αὐτουργός 355οὐκοῦν τὰ μὲν λεύσσουσι, τὰ δὲ σύ που λέγεις. Ἠλέκτρα ἴσασιν, οὐδὲν τῶνδʼ ἔχουσιν ἐνδεές. Αὐτουργός οὐκοῦν πάλαι χρῆν τοῖσδʼ ἀνεπτύχθαι πύλας; χωρεῖτʼ ἐς οἴκους· ἀντὶ γὰρ χρηστῶν λόγων ξενίων κυρήσεθʼ, οἷʼ ἐμὸς κεύθει δόμος. 360αἴρεσθʼ, ὀπαδοί, τῶνδʼ ἔσω τεύχη δόμων. καὶ μηδὲν ἀντείπητε, παρὰ φίλου φίλοι μολόντες ἀνδρός· καὶ γὰρ εἰ πένης ἔφυν, οὔτοι τό γʼ ἦθος δυσγενὲς παρέξομαι.

Peasant Oh! who are these strangers I see at my door? Why have they come here to my rustic gate? Do they want something from me? For it is shameful for a woman to be standing with young men.

Electra Dearest, do not be suspicious of me; you shall hear the truth; for these strangers have come to me as messengers of news from Orestes. But, strangers, pardon him for what he said.

Peasant What do they say? The man is alive and sees the light of day?

Electra He is, at least in their report, and I believe them.

Peasant Surely then he remembers something of your father’s wrongs and your own?

Electra These are things to hope for; a man in exile is powerless.

Peasant What message from Orestes have they come to declare?

Electra He sent them as spies of my wrongs.

Peasant Then they see a part of it, and perhaps you are telling them the rest.

Electra They know; they have all these things in abundance.

Peasant Then shouldn’t you have opened the doors to them long before? Go into the house; for in return for your good tidings, you shall find as much hospitality as my house holds in store. Servants, take their baggage within the house. Do not contradict me, since you are friends coming from a friend; for, even if I am poor, I will not display manners that are ill-bred.

Ὀρέστης 364πρὸς θεῶν, ὅδʼ ἁνὴρ ὃς συνεκκλέπτει γάμους 365τοὺς σούς, Ὀρέστην οὐ καταισχύνειν θέλων; Ἠλέκτρα οὗτος κέκληται πόσις ἐμὸς τῆς ἀθλίας. Ὀρέστης φεῦ· οὐκ ἔστʼ ἀκριβὲς οὐδὲν εἰς εὐανδρίαν· ἔχουσι γὰρ ταραγμὸν αἱ φύσεις βροτῶν. ἤδη γὰρ εἶδον ἄνδρα γενναίου πατρὸς 370τὸ μηδὲν ὄντα, χρηστά τʼ ἐκ κακῶν τέκνα, λιμόν τʼ ἐν ἀνδρὸς πλουσίου φρονήματι, γνώμην τε μεγάλην ἐν πένητι σώματι. πῶς οὖν τις αὐτὰ διαλαβὼν ὀρθῶς κρινεῖ; πλούτῳ; πονηρῷ τἄρα χρήσεται κριτῇ. 375ἢ τοῖς ἔχουσι μηδέν; ἀλλʼ ἔχει νόσον πενία, διδάσκει δʼ ἄνδρα τῇ χρείᾳ κακόν. ἀλλʼ εἰς ὅπλʼ ἔλθω; τίς δὲ πρὸς λόγχην βλέπων μάρτυς γένοιτʼ ἂν ὅστις ἐστὶν ἁγαθός; κράτιστον εἰκῇ ταῦτʼ ἐᾶν ἀφειμένα. 380οὗτος γὰρ ἁνὴρ οὔτʼ ἐν Ἀργείοις μέγας οὔτʼ αὖ δοκήσει δωμάτων ὠγκωμένος, ἐν τοῖς δὲ πολλοῖς ὤν, ἄριστος ηὑρέθη. οὐ μὴ ἀφρονήσεθʼ, οἳ κενῶν δοξασμάτων πλήρεις πλανᾶσθε, τῇ δʼ ὁμιλίᾳ βροτοὺς 385κρινεῖτε καὶ τοῖς ἤθεσιν τοὺς εὐγενεῖς; οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι καὶ πόλεις οἰκοῦσιν εὖ καὶ δώμαθʼ· αἱ δὲ σάρκες αἱ κεναὶ φρενῶν ἀγάλματʼ ἀγορᾶς εἰσιν. οὐδὲ γὰρ δόρυ μᾶλλον βραχίων σθεναρὸς ἀσθενοῦς μένει· 390ἐν τῇ φύσει δὲ τοῦτο κἀν εὐψυχίᾳ. ἀλλʼ — ἄξιος γὰρ ὅ τε παρὼν ὅ τʼ οὐ παρὼν Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖς, οὗπερ οὕνεχʼ ἥκομεν — δεξώμεθʼ οἴκων καταλύσεις. χωρεῖν χρεών, δμῶες, δόμων τῶνδʼ ἐντός. ὡς ἐμοὶ πένης 395εἴη πρόθυμος πλουσίου μᾶλλον ξένος. αἰνῶ μὲν οὖν τοῦδʼ ἀνδρὸς ἐσδοχὰς δόμων, ἐβουλόμην δʼ ἄν, εἰ κασίγνητός με σὸς ἐς εὐτυχοῦντας ἦγεν εὐτυχῶν δόμους. ἴσως δʼ ἂν ἔλθοι· Λοξίου γὰρ ἔμπεδοι 400χρησμοί, βροτῶν δὲ μαντικὴν χαίρειν ἐῶ.

Orestes By the gods! Is this the man who makes a fraud of your marriage, because he does not want to shame Orestes?

Electra This is the one who is called my husband, unhappy as I am.

Orestes Ah! There is no exact way to test a man’s worth; for human nature has confusion in it. For instance, I have seen before now the son of a noble father worth nothing, and good children from evil parents; famine in a rich man’s spirit, and a mighty soul in a poor man’s body. How then does one rightly distinguish and judge these things? By wealth? A sorry test to use. Or by those who have nothing? But poverty has a disease, it teaches a man to be wicked in his need. But shall I turn to warfare? Who, facing the enemy’s spear, could be a witness as to who is brave? It is best to leave these matters alone, at random. For this man, neither important in Argos, nor puffed up by the good reputation of his family, but one of the many, has been found to be the best. Do not be foolish, you who wander about full of empty notions, but judge those noble among men by their company and by their habits. For such men rule well both states and homes; while those bodies that are empty of mind are only ornaments in the market-place. For the strong arm does not await the battle any better than the weak; this depends on natural courage. But, since Agamemnon’s son, both present and not present, for whose sake we have come, is worthy of it, let us accept a lodging in this house. We must go within this house, slaves. May a man poor but eager be a better host for me than a rich man! And so I am content with the reception into this man’s house, though I would have wanted your brother, in good fortune, to lead me to his fortunate home. Perhaps he may come; the oracles of Loxias are sure, but human prophecy I dismiss.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Edward P. Coleridge (1891). Original text: Greek text: Gilbert Murray (ed.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, as digitised by Perseus. English: Edward P. Coleridge, The Plays of Euripides, London: George Bell and Sons, first published 1891 (Bohn's Classical Library; the Perseus header records a later printing).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.