Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 5.95–165: Pandarus wounds Diomedes; Athena's gift

Pandarus, son of Lycaon, wounds Diomedes in the right shoulder with an arrow, and Sthenelus draws it out. Diomedes prays to Athena, who gives him strength and lifts the mist from his eyes so that he can tell gods from men, telling him to fight no god except Aphrodite. He kills Astynous, Hypeiron, Abas, Polyidus, Xanthus and Thoon, and Echemmon and Chromius, falling on the Trojans like a lion among sheep.

Lines 5.95–165 · 862 words · click a number to copy its link
95τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς θύνοντʼ ἂμ πεδίον πρὸ ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας, αἶψʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ ἐτιταίνετο καμπύλα τόξα, καὶ βάλʼ ἐπαΐσσοντα τυχὼν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον θώρηκος γύαλον· διὰ δʼ ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός, 100ἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε, παλάσσετο δʼ αἵματι θώρηξ. τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός· ὄρνυσθε Τρῶες μεγάθυμοι κέντορες ἵππων· βέβληται γὰρ ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν, οὐδέ ἕ φημι δήθʼ ἀνσχήσεσθαι κρατερὸν βέλος, εἰ ἐτεόν με 105ὦρσεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς ἀπορνύμενον Λυκίηθεν. ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τὸν δʼ οὐ βέλος ὠκὺ δάμασσεν, ἀλλʼ ἀναχωρήσας πρόσθʼ ἵπποιιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν ἔστη, καὶ Σθένελον προσέφη Καπανήϊον υἱόν· ὄρσο πέπον Καπανηϊάδη, καταβήσεο δίφρου, 110ὄφρά μοι ἐξ ὤμοιο ἐρύσσῃς πικρὸν ὀϊστόν. ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Σθένελος δὲ καθʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε, πὰρ δὲ στὰς βέλος ὠκὺ διαμπερὲς ἐξέρυσʼ ὤμου· αἷμα δʼ ἀνηκόντιζε διὰ στρεπτοῖο χιτῶνος.

But when the glorious son of Lycaon was ware of him as he raged across the plain and drove the battalions in rout before him, forthwith he bent against the son of Tydeus his curved bow, and with sure aim smote him as he rushed onwards upon the right shoulder on the plate of his corselet; through this sped the bitter arrow and held straight on its way, and the corselet was spattered with blood. Over him then shouted aloud the glorious son of Lycaon: Rouse you, great-souled Trojans, ye goaders of horses. Smitten is the best man of the Achaeans, and I deem he will not for long endure the mighty shaft, if in very truth the king, the son of Zeus, sped me on my way when I set forth from Lycia. So spake he vauntingly; howbeit that other did the swift arrow not lay low, but he drew back, and took his stand before his horses and chariot, and spake to Sthenelus, son of Capaneus: Rouse thee, good son of Capaneus; get thee down from the car, that thou mayest draw forth from my shoulder the bitter arrow. So spake he, and Sthenelus leapt from his chariot to the ground, and stood beside him, and drew forth the swift arrow clean through his shoulder; and the blood spurted up through the pliant tunic.

114δὴ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἠρᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης· 115κλῦθί μευ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη, εἴ ποτέ μοι καὶ πατρὶ φίλα φρονέουσα παρέστης δηΐῳ ἐν πολέμῳ, νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὲ φῖλαι Ἀθήνη· δὸς δέ τέ μʼ ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν καὶ ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν ὅς μʼ ἔβαλε φθάμενος καὶ ἐπεύχεται, οὐδέ μέ φησι 120δηρὸν ἔτʼ ὄψεσθαι λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο. ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, γυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρά, πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν· ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· θαρσῶν νῦν Διόμηδες ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι· 125ἐν γάρ τοι στήθεσσι μένος πατρώϊον ἧκα ἄτρομον, οἷον ἔχεσκε σακέσπαλος ἱππότα Τυδεύς· ἀχλὺν δʼ αὖ τοι ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἕλον ἣ πρὶν ἐπῆεν, ὄφρʼ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα. τὼ νῦν αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδʼ ἵκηται 130μή τι σύ γʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖς ἀντικρὺ μάχεσθαι τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἀτὰρ εἴ κε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη ἔλθῃσʼ ἐς πόλεμον, τήν γʼ οὐτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.

And thereat Diomedes, good at the war-cry, made prayer: Hear me, child of Zeus that beareth the aegis, unwearied one! If ever with kindly thought thou stoodest by my father's side amid the fury of battle, even so do thou now be likewise kind to me, Athene. Grant that I may slay this man, and that he come within the cast of my spear, that hath smitten me or ever I was ware of him, and boasteth over me, and declareth that not for long shall I behold the bright light of the sun. So spake he in prayer, and Pallas Athene heard him, and made his limbs light, his feet and his hands above; and she drew near to his side and spake to him winged words: Be of good courage now, Diomedes, to fight against the Trojans, for in thy breast have I put the might of thy father, the dauntless might, such as the horseman Tydeus, wielder of the shield, was wont to have. And the mist moreover have I taken from thine eyes that afore was upon them, to the end that thou mayest well discern both god and man. Wherefore now if any god come hither to make trial of thee, do not thou in any wise fight face to face with any other immortal gods, save only if Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, shall enter the battle, her do thou smite with a thrust of the sharp bronze.

133ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, Τυδεΐδης δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη 135καὶ πρίν περ θυμῷ μεμαὼς Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι· δὴ τότε μιν τρὶς τόσσον ἕλεν μένος ὥς τε λέοντα ὅν ῥά τε ποιμὴν ἀγρῷ ἐπʼ εἰροπόκοις ὀΐεσσι χραύσῃ μέν τʼ αὐλῆς ὑπεράλμενον οὐδὲ δαμάσσῃ· τοῦ μέν τε σθένος ὦρσεν, ἔπειτα δέ τʼ οὐ προσαμύνει, 140ἀλλὰ κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται, τὰ δʼ ἐρῆμα φοβεῖται· αἳ μέν τʼ ἀγχιστῖναι ἐπʼ ἀλλήλῃσι κέχυνται, αὐτὰρ ὃ ἐμμεμαὼς βαθέης ἐξάλλεται αὐλῆς· ὣς μεμαὼς Τρώεσσι μίγη κρατερὸς Διομήδης. ἔνθʼ ἕλεν Ἀστύνοον καὶ Ὑπείρονα ποιμένα λαῶν, 145τὸν μὲν ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο βαλὼν χαλκήρεϊ δουρί, τὸν δʼ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρʼ ὦμον πλῆξʼ, ἀπὸ δʼ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδʼ ἀπὸ νώτου. τοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ, ὃ δʼ Ἄβαντα μετῴχετο καὶ Πολύειδον υἱέας Εὐρυδάμαντος ὀνειροπόλοιο γέροντος· 150τοῖς οὐκ ἐρχομένοις ὃ γέρων ἐκρίνατʼ ὀνείρους, ἀλλά σφεας κρατερὸς Διομήδης ἐξενάριξε· βῆ δὲ μετὰ Ξάνθόν τε Θόωνά τε Φαίνοπος υἷε ἄμφω τηλυγέτω· ὃ δὲ τείρετο γήραϊ λυγρῷ, υἱὸν δʼ οὐ τέκετʼ ἄλλον ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι. 155ἔνθʼ ὅ γε τοὺς ἐνάριζε, φίλον δʼ ἐξαίνυτο θυμὸν ἀμφοτέρω, πατέρι δὲ γόον καὶ κήδεα λυγρὰ λεῖπʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐ ζώοντε μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντε δέξατο· χηρωσταὶ δὲ διὰ κτῆσιν δατέοντο. ἔνθʼ υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω λάβε Δαρδανίδαο 160εἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας Ἐχέμμονά τε Χρομίον τε. ὡς δὲ λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορὼν ἐξ αὐχένα ἄξῃ πόρτιος ἠὲ βοὸς ξύλοχον κάτα βοσκομενάων, ὣς τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους ἐξ ἵππων Τυδέος υἱὸς βῆσε κακῶς ἀέκοντας, ἔπειτα δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα· 165ἵππους δʼ οἷς ἑτάροισι δίδου μετὰ νῆας ἐλαύνειν.

When she had thus spoken, the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene, departed, and the son of Tydeus returned again and mingled with the foremost fighters; and though afore his heart had been eager to do battle with the Trojans, now verily did fury thrice so great lay hold upon him, even as upon a lion that a shepherd in the field, guarding his fleecy sheep, hath wounded as he leapt over the wall of the sheep-fold, but hath not vanquished; his might hath he roused, but thereafter maketh no more defence, but slinketh amid the farm buildings, and the flock all unprotected is driven in rout, and the sheep are strewn in heaps, each hard by each, but the lion in his fury leapeth forth from the high fold; even in such fury did mighty Diomedes mingle with the Trojans. Then slew he Astynous and Hypeiron, shepherd of the host; the one he smote above the nipple with a cast of his bronze-shod spear, and the other he struck with his great sword upon the collar-bone beside the shoulder, and shore off the shoulder from the neck and from the back. These then he let be, but went his way in pursuit of Abas and Polyidus, sons of the old man Eurydamas, the reader of dreams; howbeit they came not back for the old man to interpret dreams for them, but mighty Diomedes slew them. Then went he on after Xanthus and Thoön, sons twain of Phaenops, and both well beloved; and their father was fordone with grievous old age, and begat no other son to leave in charge of his possessions. There Diomedes slew them, and bereft them of dear life, both the twain; but for the father he left lamentation and grievous sorrow, seeing they lived not for him to welcome them on their return; and the next of kin divided his goods. Then took he two sons of Priam, Dardanus' son, Echemmon and Chromius, the twain being in one car. Even as a lion leapeth among the kine and breaketh the neck of a heifer or a cow as they graze in a woodland pasture, so did Tydeus' son thrust both these in evil wise from their car, sorely against their will, and thereafter despoiled them of their armour; and the horses he gave to his comrades to drive to the ships.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 5.95–165: Pandarus wounds Diomedes; Athena's gift