Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 2.394–483: Agamemnon's sacrifice; the army musters

Agamemnon sacrifices an ox to Zeus and prays that the sun may not set before he burns Priam's palace and slays Hector, but Zeus accepts the offering and increases their toil. After the feast Nestor urges them to arm, and the army pours out onto the plain of Scamander like flocks of birds and swarms of flies, with Athena moving among them holding the aegis. The poet compares Agamemnon to Zeus, Ares and Poseidon.

Lines 2.394–483 · 978 words · click a number to copy its link
394ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγʼ ἴαχον ὡς ὅτε κῦμα 395ἀκτῇ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ, ὅτε κινήσῃ Νότος ἐλθών, προβλῆτι σκοπέλῳ· τὸν δʼ οὔ ποτε κύματα λείπει παντοίων ἀνέμων, ὅτʼ ἂν ἔνθʼ ἢ ἔνθα γένωνται. ἀνστάντες δʼ ὀρέοντο κεδασθέντες κατὰ νῆας, κάπνισσάν τε κατὰ κλισίας, καὶ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο. 400ἄλλος δʼ ἄλλῳ ἔρεζε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων εὐχόμενος θάνατόν τε φυγεῖν καὶ μῶλον Ἄρηος. αὐτὰρ ὃ βοῦν ἱέρευσε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων πίονα πενταέτηρον ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι, κίκλησκεν δὲ γέροντας ἀριστῆας Παναχαιῶν, 405Νέστορα μὲν πρώτιστα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Αἴαντε δύω καὶ Τυδέος υἱόν, ἕκτον δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον. αὐτόματος δέ οἱ ἦλθε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος· ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀδελφεὸν ὡς ἐπονεῖτο.

So spake he, and the Argives shouted aloud as a wave against a high headland, when the South Wind cometh and maketh it to swell—even against a jutting crag that is never left by the waves of all the winds that come from this side or from that. And they arose and hasted to scatter among the ships, and made fires in the huts, and took their meal. And they made sacrifice one to one of the gods that are for ever, and one to another, with the prayer that they might escape from death and the toil of war. But Agamemnon, king of men, slew a fat bull of five years to the son of Cronos, supreme in might, and let call the elders, the chieftains of the Achaean host, Nestor, first of all, and king Idomeneus, and thereafter the twain Aiantes and the son of Tydeus, and as the sixth Odysseus, the peer of Zeus in counsel. And unbidden came to him Menelaus, good at the war-cry, for he knew in his heart wherewith his brother was busied.

410βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας ἀνέλοντο· τοῖσιν δʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων· Ζεῦ κύδιστε μέγιστε κελαινεφὲς αἰθέρι ναίων μὴ πρὶν ἐπʼ ἠέλιον δῦναι καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἐλθεῖν πρίν με κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον 415αἰθαλόεν, πρῆσαι δὲ πυρὸς δηΐοιο θύρετρα, Ἑκτόρεον δὲ χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι χαλκῷ ῥωγαλέον· πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι πρηνέες ἐν κονίῃσιν ὀδὰξ λαζοίατο γαῖαν. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ οἱ ἐπεκραίαινε Κρονίων, 420ἀλλʼ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά, πόνον δʼ ἀμέγαρτον ὄφελλεν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο, αὐέρυσαν μὲν πρῶτα καὶ ἔσφαξαν καὶ ἔδειραν, μηρούς τʼ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν δίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν. 425καὶ τὰ μὲν ἂρ σχίζῃσιν ἀφύλλοισιν κατέκαιον, σπλάγχνα δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμπείραντες ὑπείρεχον Ἡφαίστοιο. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε κάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο, μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν, ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.

About the bull they stood and took up the barley grains, and in prayer lord Agamemnon spake among them, saying. Zeus, most glorious, most great, lord of the dark clouds, that dwellest in the heaven, grant that the sun set not, neither darkness come upon us, until I have cast down in headlong ruin the hall of Priam, blackened with smoke, and have burned with consuming fire the portals thereof, and cloven about the breast of Hector his tunic, rent with the bronze; and in throngs may his comrades round about him fall headlong in the dust, and bite the earth. So spake he; but not as yet would the son of Cronos grant him fulfillment; nay, he accepted the sacrifice, but toil he made to wax unceasingly. Then, when they had prayed and had sprinkled the barley grains, they first drew back the victims' heads and cut their throats, and flayed them; and they cut out the thigh-pieces and covered them with a double layer of fat, and laid raw flesh thereon. These they burned on billets of wood stripped of leaves, and the inner parts they pierced with spits, and held them over the flame of Hephaestus. But when the thigh-pieces were wholly burned and they had tasted of the inner parts, they cut up the rest and spitted it, and roasted it carefully, and drew all off the spits.

430αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον, 435μηκέτι νῦν δήθʼ αὖθι λεγώμεθα, μηδʼ ἔτι δηρὸν ἀμβαλλώμεθα ἔργον ὃ δὴ θεὸς ἐγγυαλίζει. ἀλλʼ ἄγε κήρυκες μὲν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων λαὸν κηρύσσοντες ἀγειρόντων κατὰ νῆας, ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀθρόοι ὧδε κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν 440ἴομεν ὄφρα κε θᾶσσον ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων. αὐτίκα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε κηρύσσειν πόλεμον δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς· οἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα. 445οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες θῦνον κρίνοντες, μετὰ δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη αἰγίδʼ ἔχουσʼ ἐρίτιμον ἀγήρων ἀθανάτην τε, τῆς ἑκατὸν θύσανοι παγχρύσεοι ἠερέθονται, πάντες ἐϋπλεκέες, ἑκατόμβοιος δὲ ἕκαστος· 450σὺν τῇ παιφάσσουσα διέσσυτο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν ὀτρύνουσʼ ἰέναι· ἐν δὲ σθένος ὦρσεν ἑκάστῳ καρδίῃ ἄλληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.

Then, when they had ceased from their labour and had made ready the meal, they feasted, nor did their hearts lack aught of the equal feast. But when they had put from them the desire of food and drink, among them the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, was first to speak, saying: Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon, king of men, let us now not any more remain gathered here, nor any more put off the work which verily the god vouchsafeth us. Nay, come, let the heralds of the brazen-coated Achaeans make proclamation, and gather together the host throughout the ships, and let us go thus in a body through the broad camp of the Achaeans, that we may with the more speed stir up sharp battle. So spake he, and the king of men, Agamemnon, failed not to hearken. Straightway he bade the clear-voiced heralds summon to battle the long-haired Achaeans. And they made summons, and the host gathered full quickly. The kings, nurtured of Zeus, that were about Atreus' son, sped swiftly, marshalling the host, and in their midst was the flashing-eyed Athene, bearing the priceless aegis, that knoweth neither age nor death, wherefrom are hung an hundred tassels all of gold, all of them cunningly woven, and each one of the worth of an hundred oxen. Therewith she sped dazzling throughout the host of the Achaeans, urging them to go forth; and in the heart of each man she roused strength to war and to battle without ceasing.

453τοῖσι δʼ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετʼ ἠὲ νέεσθαι ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν. 455ἠΰτε πῦρ ἀΐδηλον ἐπιφλέγει ἄσπετον ὕλην οὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς, ἕκαθεν δέ τε φαίνεται αὐγή, ὣς τῶν ἐρχομένων ἀπὸ χαλκοῦ θεσπεσίοιο αἴγλη παμφανόωσα διʼ αἰθέρος οὐρανὸν ἷκε. τῶν δʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ 460χηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων Ἀσίω ἐν λειμῶνι Καϋστρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ποτῶνται ἀγαλλόμενα πτερύγεσσι κλαγγηδὸν προκαθιζόντων, σμαραγεῖ δέ τε λειμών, ὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων 465ἐς πεδίον προχέοντο Σκαμάνδριον· αὐτὰρ ὑπὸ χθὼν σμερδαλέον κονάβιζε ποδῶν αὐτῶν τε καὶ ἵππων. ἔσταν δʼ ἐν λειμῶνι Σκαμανδρίῳ ἀνθεμόεντι μυρίοι, ὅσσά τε φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ. ἠΰτε μυιάων ἁδινάων ἔθνεα πολλὰ 470αἵ τε κατὰ σταθμὸν ποιμνήϊον ἠλάσκουσιν ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ ὅτε τε γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει, τόσσοι ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ ἐν πεδίῳ ἵσταντο διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες. τοὺς δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν αἰπόλοι ἄνδρες 475ῥεῖα διακρίνωσιν ἐπεί κε νομῷ μιγέωσιν, ὣς τοὺς ἡγεμόνες διεκόσμεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ὑσμίνην δʼ ἰέναι, μετὰ δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ὄμματα καὶ κεφαλὴν ἴκελος Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ, Ἄρεϊ δὲ ζώνην, στέρνον δὲ Ποσειδάωνι. 480ἠΰτε βοῦς ἀγέληφι μέγʼ ἔξοχος ἔπλετο πάντων ταῦρος· ὃ γάρ τε βόεσσι μεταπρέπει ἀγρομένῃσι· τοῖον ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδην θῆκε Ζεὺς ἤματι κείνῳ ἐκπρεπέʼ ἐν πολλοῖσι καὶ ἔξοχον ἡρώεσσιν.

And to them forthwith war became sweeter than to return in their hollow ships to their dear native land. Even as a consuming fire maketh a boundless forest to blaze on the peaks of a mountain, and from afar is the glare thereof to be seen, even so from their innumerable bronze, as they marched forth, went the dazzling gleam up through the sky unto the heavens. And as the many tribes of winged fowl, wild geese or cranes or long-necked swans on the Asian mead by the streams of Caystrius, fly this way and that, glorying in their strength of wing, and with loud cries settle ever onwards, and the mead resoundeth; even so their many tribes poured forth from ships and huts into the plain of Scamander, and the earth echoed wondrously beneath the tread of men and horses. So they took their stand in the flowery mead of Scamander, numberless, as are the leaves and the flowers in their season. Even as the many tribes of swarming flies that buzz to and fro throughout the herdsman's farmstead in the season of spring, when the milk drenches the pails, even in such numbers stood the long-haired Achaeans upon the plain in the face of the men of Troy, eager to rend them asunder. And even as goatherds separate easily the wide-scattered flocks of goats, when they mingle in the pasture, so did their leaders marshal them on this side and on that to enter into the battle, and among them lord Agamemnon, his eyes and head like unto Zeus that hurleth the thunderbolt, his waist like unto Ares, and his breast unto Poseidon. Even as a bull among the herd stands forth far the chiefest over all, for that he is pre-eminent among the gathering kine, even such did Zeus make Agamemnon on that day, pre-eminent among many, and chiefest amid warriors.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 2.394–483: Agamemnon's sacrifice; the army musters