Κρόνου δὲ καὶ Ῥέας λέγεται γενέσθαι τήν τε Ἑστίαν καὶ Δήμητραν καὶ Ἥραν, ἔτι δὲ Δία καὶ Ποσειδῶνα καὶ Ἅιδην. τούτων δὲ λέγεται τὴν μὲν Ἑστίαν τὴν τῶν οἰκιῶν κατασκευὴν εὑρεῖν, καὶ διὰ τὴν εὐεργεσίαν ταύτην παρὰ πᾶσι σχεδὸν ἀνθρώποις ἐν πάσαις οἰκίαις καθιδρυθῆναι, τιμῶν καὶ θυσιῶν τυγχάνουσαν· Δήμητραν δέ, τοῦ σίτου φυομένου μὲν ὡς ἔτυχε μετὰ τῆς ἄλλης βοτάνης, ἀγνοουμένου δὲ παρʼ ἀνθρώποις, πρώτην συγκομίσαι καὶ τὴν κατεργασίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ φυλακὴν ἐπινοῆσαι καὶ σπείρειν καταδεῖξαι.
εὑρεῖν μὲν οὖν αὐτὴν τὸν σῖτον πρὸ τοῦ γεννῆσαι τὴν θυγατέρα Φερσεφόνην, μετὰ δὲ τὴν ταύτης γένεσιν καὶ τὴν ὑπὸ Πλούτωνος ἁρπαγὴν ἐμπρῆσαι πάντα τὸν καρπὸν διά τε τὴν ἔχθραν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Δία καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τῇ θυγατρὶ λύπην. μετὰ δὲ τὴν εὕρεσιν τῆς Φερσεφόνης διαλλαγῆναί τε τῷ Διὶ καὶ τῷ Τριπτολέμῳ ἀποδοῦναι τὸν τοῦ σίτου σπόρον, ᾧ συντάξαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις μεταδοῦναι τῆς τε δωρεᾶς καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν ἐργασίαν τοῦ σπόρου διδάξαι.
λέγουσι δέ τινες ὅτι καὶ νόμους εἰσηγήσατο, καθʼ οὓς ἀλλήλοις τὸ δίκαιον διδόναι συνειθίσθησαν ἄνθρωποι, καὶ τὴν παραδοῦσαν αὐτοῖς θεὰν θεσμοφόρον ἀπὸ τούτων προσηγόρευσαν. μεγίστων γὰρ ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώποις αἰτίαν γενομένην ἐπιφανεστάτων τυχεῖν τιμῶν καὶ θυσιῶν, ἔτι δʼ ἑορτῶν καὶ πανηγύρεων μεγαλοπρεπῶν, οὐ παρʼ Ἕλλησι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ πᾶσι σχεδὸν τοῖς βαρβάροις, ὅσοι τῆς τροφῆς ταύτης ἐκοινώνησαν.
To Cronus and Rhea, we are told, were born Hestia, Demeter, and Hera, and Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. Of these, they say, Hestia discovered how to build houses, and because of this benefaction of hers practically all men have established her shrine in every home, according her honours and sacrifices. And Demeter, since the corn still grew wild together with the other plants and was still unknown to men, was the first to gather it in, to devise how to prepare and preserve it, and to instruct mankind how to sow it. Now she had discovered the corn before she gave birth to her daughter Persephonê, but after the birth of her daughter and the rape of her by Pluton, she burned all the fruit of the corn, both because of her anger at Zeus and because of her grief over her daughter. After she had found Persephonê, however, she became reconciled with Zeus and gave Triptolemus the corn to sow, instructing him both to share the gift with men everywhere and to teach them everything concerned with the labour of sowing. And some men say that it was she also who introduced laws, by obedience to which men have become accustomed to deal justly with one another, and that mankind has called this goddess Thesmophoros after the laws which she gave them. And since Demeter has been responsible for the greatest blessings to mankind, she has been accorded the most notable honours and sacrifices, and magnificent feasts and festivals as well, not only by the Greeks, but also by almost all barbarians who have partaken of this kind of food.
ἀμφισβητοῦσι δὲ περὶ τῆς εὑρέσεως τοῦ καρποῦ τούτου πολλοί, τὴν θεὸν φάμενοι παρʼ αὑτοῖς πρώτοις ὀφθῆναι καὶ τὴν τούτου φύσιν τε καὶ χρῆσιν καταδεῖξαι. Αἰγύπτιοι μὲν γὰρ λέγουσι τήν τε Δήμητραν καὶ τὴν Ἶσιν τὴν αὐτὴν εἶναι, καὶ εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐνεγκεῖν τὸ σπέρμα πρώτην, ἀρδεύοντος μὲν εὐκαίρως τὰ πεδία τοῦ Νείλου ποταμοῦ, ταῖς δʼ ὥραις ἄριστα τῆς χώρας ταύτης κεκραμένης.
τοὺς δʼ Ἀθηναίους, καίπερ ἀποφαινομένους τὴν εὕρεσιν τοῦ καρποῦ τούτου γεγενημένην παρʼ αὑτοῖς, ὅμως μαρτυρεῖν αὐτὸν ἑτέρωθεν κεκομισμένον εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν· τὸν γὰρ τόπον τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς δεξάμενον τὴν δωρεὰν ταύτην Ἐλευσῖνα προσαγορεύειν ἀπὸ τοῦ παρʼ ἑτέρων ἐλθεῖν τὸ σπέρμα τοῦ σίτου κομισθέν.
οἱ δὲ Σικελιῶται, νῆσον ἱερὰν Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης οἰκοῦντες, εἰκὸς εἶναί φασι τὴν δωρεὰν ταύτην πρώτοις τοῖς τὴν προσφιλεστάτην χώραν νεμομένοις δοθῆναι· ἄτοπον μὲν γὰρ ὑπάρχειν εὐκαρποτάτην αὐτὴν ὡς ἰδίαν ποιῆσαι, τῆς δʼ εὐεργεσίας ὡς μηδὲν προσηκούσῃ μηδʼ ἐσχάτῃ μεταδοῦναι, καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐν αὐτῇ τὴν οἴκησιν ἔχουσαν, εἴπερ καὶ τῆς Κόρης τὴν ἁρπαγὴν ἐν τῇ νήσῳ ταύτῃ γεγονέναι συμπεφώνηται. εἶναι δὲ καὶ τὴν χώραν οἰκειοτάτην τούτοις τοῖς καρποῖς, ἐν ᾗ καὶ τὸν ποιητὴν λέγειν ἀλλὰ τά γʼ ἄσπαρτα καὶ ἀνήροτα πάντα φύονται, πυροὶ καὶ κριθαί.
There is dispute about the discovery of the fruit of the corn on the part of many peoples, who claim that they were the first among whom the goddess was seen and to whom she made known both the nature and use of the corn. The Egyptians, for example, say that Demeter and Isis are the same, and that she was first to bring the seed to Egypt, since the river Nile waters the fields at the proper time and that land enjoys the most temperate seasons. Also the Athenians, though they assert that the discovery of this fruit took place in their country, are nevertheless witnesses to its having been brought to Attica from some other region; for the place which originally received this gift they call Eleusis, from the fact that the seed of the corn came from others and was conveyed to them. But the inhabitants of Sicily, dwelling as they do on an island which is sacred to Demeter and Corê, say that it is reasonable to believe that the gift of which we are speaking was made to them first, since the land they cultivate is the one the goddess holds most dear; for it would be strange indeed, they maintain, for the goddess to take for her own, so to speak, a land which is the most fertile known and yet to give it, the last of all, a share in her benefaction, as though it were nothing to her, especially since she has her dwelling there, all men agreeing that the Rape of Corê took place on this island. Moreover, this land is the best adapted for these fruits, even as the poet also says:
But all these things grow there for them unsown
And e’en untilled, both wheat and barley.
This, then, is what the myths have to say about Demeter.
περὶ μὲν οὖν Δήμητρος τοιαῦτα μυθολογοῦσι. τῶν δʼ ἄλλων θεῶν τῶν ἐκ Κρόνου καὶ Ῥέας γενομένων φασὶν οἱ Κρῆτες Ποσειδῶνα μὲν πρῶτον χρήσασθαι ταῖς κατὰ θάλατταν ἐργασίαις καὶ στόλους συστήσασθαι, παραδόντος αὐτῷ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ταύτην τοῦ Κρόνου· διὸ καὶ παραδίδοσθαι τοῖς ἐπιγινομένοις τοῦτον κύριον ὑπάρχειν τῶν κατὰ θάλατταν πραττομένων καὶ θυσίαις ὑπὸ τῶν ναυτιλλομένων τιμᾶσθαι. προσάπτουσι δʼ αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ τοὺς ἵππους δαμάσαι πρῶτον καὶ τὴν ἐπιστήμην καταδεῖξαι τὴν περὶ τὴν ἱππικήν, ἀφʼ ἧς ἵππιον αὐτὸν ὠνομάσθαι.
τὸν δʼ Ἅιδην λέγεται τὰ περὶ τὰς ταφὰς καὶ τὰς ἐκφορὰς καὶ τιμὰς τῶν τεθνεώτων καταδεῖξαι, τὸν πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον μηδεμιᾶς οὔσης ἐπιμελείας περὶ αὐτούς· διὸ καὶ τῶν τετελευτηκότων ὁ θεὸς οὗτος παρείληπται κυριεύειν, ἀπονεμηθείσης τὸ παλαιὸν αὐτῷ τῆς τούτων ἀρχῆς καὶ φροντίδος.
As for the rest of the gods who were born to Cronus and Rhea, the Cretans say that Poseidon was the first to concern himself with sea-faring and to fit out fleets, Cronus having given him the lordship in such matters; and this is why the tradition has been passed along to succeeding generations that he controls whatever is done on the sea, and why mariners honour him by means of sacrifices. Men further bestow upon Poseidon the distinction of having been the first to tame horses and to introduce the knowledge of horsemanship (hippikê), because of which he is called “Hippius.” And of Hades it is said that he laid down the rules which are concerned with burials and funerals and the honours which are paid to the dead, no concern having been given to the dead before this time; and this is why tradition tells us that Hades is lord of the dead, since there were assigned to him in ancient times the first offices in such matters and the concern for them.
περὶ δὲ τῆς τοῦ Διὸς γενέσεώς τε καὶ βασιλείας διαφωνεῖται· καί τινες μέν φασιν αὐτὸν μετὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων τοῦ Κρόνου μετάστασιν εἰς θεοὺς διαδέξασθαι τὴν βασιλείαν, οὐ βίᾳ κατισχύσαντα τὸν πατέρα, νομίμως δὲ καὶ δικαίως ἀξιωθέντα ταύτης τῆς τιμῆς· τινὲς δὲ μυθολογοῦσι τῷ Κρόνῳ γενέσθαι λόγιον περὶ τῆς τοῦ Διὸς γενέσεως, ὅτι παραιρήσεται τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ βιαίως ὁ γεννηθεὶς παῖς.
διόπερ τὸν μὲν Κρόνον τὰ γεννώμενα παιδία πλεονάκις ἀφανίζειν, τὴν δὲ Ῥέαν ἀγανακτήσασαν, καὶ μὴ δυναμένην μεταθεῖναι τὴν προαίρεσιν τἀνδρός, τὸν Δία τεκοῦσαν ἐν τῇ προσαγορευομένῃ Ἴδῃ κλέψαι καὶ δοῦναι λάθρᾳ τοῖς Κούρησιν ἐκθρέψαι τοῖς κατοικοῦσι πλησίον ὄρους τῆς Ἴδης. τούτους δ ἀπενέγκαντας εἴς τι ἄντρον παραδοῦναι ταῖς Νύμφαις, παρακελευσαμένους τὴν πᾶσαν ἐπιμέλειαν αὐτοῦ ποιεῖσθαι.
αὗται δὲ μέλι καὶ γάλα μίσγουσαι τὸ παιδίον ἔθρεψαν καὶ τῆς αἰγὸς τῆς ὀνομαζομένης Ἀμαλθείας τὸν μαστὸν εἰς διατροφὴν παρείχοντο. σημεῖα δὲ πολλὰ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν διαμένειν τῆς γενέσεως καὶ διατροφῆς τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου κατὰ τὴν νῆσον.
Regarding the birth of Zeus and the manner in which he came to be king, there is no agreement. Some say that he succeeded to the kingship after Cronus passed from among men into the company of the gods, not by overcoming his father with violence, but in the manner prescribed by custom and justly, having been judged worthy of that honour. But others recount a myth, which runs as follows: There was delivered to Cronus an oracle regarding the birth of Zeus which stated that the son who would be born to him would wrest the kingship from him by force. Consequently Cronus time and again did away with the children whom he begot; but Rhea, grieved as she was, and yet lacking the power to change her husband’s purpose, when she had given birth to Zeus, concealed him in Idê, as it is called, and, without the knowledge of Cronus, entrusted the rearing of him to the Curetes who dwelt in the neighbourhood of Mount Idê. The Curetes bore him off to a certain cave where they gave him over to the Nymphs, with the command that they should minister to his every need. And the Nymphs nurtured the child on a mixture of honey and milk and gave him upbringing at the udder of the goat which was named Amaltheia. And many evidences of the birth and upbringing of this god remain to this day on the island.
φερομένου μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ τῶν Κουρήτων αὐτοῦ νηπίου φασὶν ἀποπεσεῖν τὸν ὀμφαλὸν περὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν καλούμενον Τρίτωνα, καὶ τὸ χωρίον τε τοῦτο καθιερωθὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ τότε συμβάντος Ὀμφαλὸν προσαγορευθῆναι καὶ τὸ περικείμενον πεδίον ὁμοίως Ὀμφάλειον. κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἴδην, ἐν ᾗ συνέβη τραφῆναι τὸν θεόν, τό τε ἄντρον ἐν ᾧ τὴν δίαιταν εἶχε καθιέρωται καὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸ λειμῶνες ὁμοίως ἀνεῖνται περὶ τὴν ἀκρώρειαν ὄντες.
τὸ δὲ πάντων παραδοξότατον καὶ μυθολογούμενον περὶ τῶν μελιττῶν οὐκ ἄξιον παραλιπεῖν· τὸν γὰρ θεόν φασιν ἀθάνατον μνήμην τῆς πρὸς αὐτὰς οἰκειότητος διαφυλάξαι βουλόμενον ἀλλάξαι μὲν τὴν χρόαν αὐτῶν καὶ ποιῆσαι χαλκῷ χρυσοειδεῖ παραπλησίαν, τοῦ τόπου δʼ ὄντος ὑψηλοῦ καθʼ ὑπερβολήν, καὶ πνευμάτων τε μεγάλων ἐν αὐτῷ γινομένων καὶ χιόνος πολλῆς πιπτούσης, ἀνεπαισθήτους αὐτὰς καὶ ἀπαθεῖς ποιῆσαι, δυσχειμερωτάτους τόπους νεμομένας.
τῇ θρεψάσῃ δʼ αἰγὶ τιμάς τέ τινας ἄλλας ἀπονεῖμαι καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς λαβεῖν, αἰγίοχον ἐπονομασθέντα. ἀνδρωθέντα δʼ αὐτόν φασι πρῶτον πόλιν κτίσαι περὶ τὴν Δίκταν, ὅπου καὶ τὴν γένεσιν αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι μυθολογοῦσιν· ἧς ἐκλειφθείσης ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις διαμένειν ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἕρματα τῶν θεμελίων.
For instance, when he was being carried away, while still an infant, by the Curetes, they say that the umbilical cord (omphalos) fell from him near the river known as Triton, and that this spot has been made sacred and has been called Omphalus after that incident, while in like manner the plain about it is known as Omphaleium. And on Mount Idê, where the god was nurtured, both the cave in which he spent his days has been made sacred to him, and the meadows round about it, which lie upon the ridges of the mountain, have in like manner been consecrated to him. But the most astonishing of all that which the myth relates has to do with the bees, and we should not omit to mention it: The god, they say, wishing to preserve an immortal memorial of his close association with the bees, changed the colour of them, making it like copper with the gleam of gold, and since the region lay at a very great altitude, where fierce winds blew about it and heavy snows fell, he made the bees insensible to such things and unaffected by them, since they must range over the most wintry stretches. To the goat (aeg-) which suckled him Zeus also accorded certain honours, and in particular took from it a surname, being called Aegiochus. And when he had attained to manhood he founded first a city in Dicta, where indeed the myth states that he was born; in later times this city was abandoned, but some stone blocks of its foundations are still preserved.
διενέγκαι δὲ τὸν θεὸν τοῦτον ἁπάντων ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ συνέσει καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἁπάσαις ἀρεταῖς· διὸ καὶ παραλαβόντα τὴν βασιλείαν παρὰ τοῦ Κρόνου πλεῖστα καὶ μέγιστα τὸν ἀνθρώπινον βίον εὐεργετῆσαι. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἁπάντων καταδεῖξαι περὶ τῶν ἀδικημάτων τὸ δίκαιον ἀλλήλοις διδόναι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ τοῦ βίᾳ τι πράττειν ἀποστῆσαι, κρίσει δὲ καὶ δικαστηρίῳ τὰς ἀμφισβητήσεις διαλύειν. καθόλου δὲ τὰ περί τε τῆς εὐνομίας καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης προσαναπληρῶσαι, τοὺς μὲν ἀγαθοὺς πείθοντα, τοὺς δὲ φαύλους τῇ τιμωρίᾳ καὶ τῷ φόβῳ καταπληττόμενον.
ἐπελθεῖν δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην σχεδὸν πᾶσαν τοὺς μὲν λῃστὰς καὶ ἀσεβεῖς ἀναιροῦντα, τὴν δʼ ἰσότητα καὶ τὴν δημοκρατίαν εἰσηγούμενον· ὅτε δή φασιν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς γίγαντας ἀνελεῖν, ἐν μὲν Κρήτῃ τοὺς περὶ Μύλινον, κατὰ δὲ τὴν Φρυγίαν τοὺς περὶ Τυφῶνα.
πρὸ δὲ τῆς μάχης τῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Κρήτῃ γίγαντας λέγεται τὸν Δία θῦσαι βοῦν Ἡλίῳ καὶ Οὐρανῷ καὶ Γῇ· ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἱερῶν ἁπάντων φανῆναι τὰ περὶ τούτων ἐπικριθέντα ἐπισημαίνεται κράτος καὶ ἀπόστασις ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων πρὸς αὐτούς. ἀκόλουθον δὲ τούτοις γενέσθαι τοῦ πολέμου τὸ τέλος· αὐτομολῆσαι μὲν γὰρ ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων Μουσαῖον, καὶ τυχεῖν ὡρισμένων τιμῶν, κατακοπῆναι δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν θεῶν ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀντιταξαμένους.
συστῆναι δὲ καὶ ἄλλους πολέμους αὐτῷ πρὸς γίγαντας, τῆς μὲν Μακεδονίας περὶ τὴν Παλλήνην, τῆς δʼ Ἰταλίας κατὰ τὸ πεδίον, ὃ τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ κατακεκαυμένου τόπου Φλεγραῖον ὠνομάζετο, κατὰ δὲ τοὺς ὕστερον χρόνους Κυμαῖον προσηγόρευον.
Now Zeus, the myth goes on to say, surpassed all others in manly spirit and wisdom and justice and in the other virtues one and all, and, as a consequence, when he took over the kingly power from Cronus, he conferred benefactions of the greatest number and importance upon the life of mankind. He was the first of all, for instance, to lay down rules regarding acts of injustice and to teach men to deal justly one with another, to refrain from deeds of violence, and to settle their differences by appeals to men and to courts of justice. In short, he contributed in abundance to the practices which are concerned with obedience to law and with peace, prevailing upon good men by persuasion and intimidating evil men by threat of punishment and by their fear. He also visited practically the entire inhabited earth, putting to death robbers and impious men and introducing equality and democracy; and it was in this connection, they say, that he slew the Giants and their followers, Mylinus in Crete and Typhon in Phrygia. Before the battle against the Giants in Crete, we are told, Zeus sacrificed a bull to Helius and to Uranus and to Gê; and in connection each of the rites there was revealed to him what was the will of the gods in the affair, the omens indicating the victory of the gods and a defection to them of the enemy. And the outcome of the war accorded with the omens; for Musaeus deserted to him from the enemy, for which he was accorded peculiar honours, and all who opposed them were cut down by the gods.
Zeus also had other wars against the Giants, we are told, in Macedonia near Pallenê and in Italy on the plain which of old was named Phlegraean (“fiery”) after the region about it which had been burned, but which in later times men called Cumaean.
κολασθῆναι δὲ τοὺς γίγαντας ὑπὸ Διὸς διὰ τὴν εἰς τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους παρανομίαν καὶ διὰ τὸ ταῖς τοῦ σώματος ὑπεροχαῖς καὶ ῥώμαις πεποιθότας καταδουλοῦσθαι μὲν τοὺς πλησιοχώρους, ἀπειθεῖν δὲ τοῖς περὶ τοῦ δικαίου τιθεμένοις νόμοις, πόλεμον δʼ ἐκφέρειν πρὸς τοὺς διὰ τὰς κοινὰς εὐεργεσίας ὑπὸ πάντων θεοὺς νομιζομένους.
τὸν δʼ οὖν Δία λέγουσι μὴ μόνον ἄρδην ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανίσαι τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς καὶ πονηρούς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἀρίστοις τῶν θεῶν καὶ ἡρώων, ἔτι δʼ ἀνδρῶν τὰς ἀξίας ἀπονεῖμαι τιμάς. διὰ δὲ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν καὶ τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῆς δυνάμεως συμφώνως αὐτῷ παρὰ πάντων συγκεχωρῆσθαι τήν τε βασιλείαν εἰς τὸν ἀεὶ χρόνον καὶ τὴν οἴκησιν τὴν ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ.
Now the Giants were punished by Zeus because they had treated the rest of mankind in a lawless fashion and, confiding in their bodily superiority and strength, had enslaved their neighbours, and because they were also disobeying the rules of justice which he was laying down and were raising up war against those whom all mankind considered to be gods because of the benefactions they were conferring upon men generally. Zeus, then, we are told, not only totally eradicated the impious and evil-doers from among mankind, but he also distributed honours as they were merited among the noblest of the gods and heroes and men. And because of the magnitude of his benefactions and his superior power all men accorded to him as with one voice both the everlasting kingship which he possesses and his dwelling upon Mount Olympus.
καταδειχθῆναι δὲ καὶ θυσίας αὐτῷ συντελεῖν ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐκ γῆς μετάστασιν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐγγενέσθαι δόξας δικαίους ἐν ταῖς τῶν εὖ πεπονθότων ψυχαῖς, ὡς ἁπάντων τῶν γινομένων κατʼ οὐρανὸν οὗτος εἴη κύριος, λέγω δʼ ὄμβρων τε καὶ βροντῶν καὶ κεραυνῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιούτων.
διόπερ αὐτὸν προσαγορευθῆναι Ζῆνα μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ δοκεῖν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις αἴτιον εἶναι τοῦ ζῆν, ταῖς ἐκ τοῦ περιέχοντος εὐκρασίαις τοὺς καρποὺς ἀνάγοντα πρὸς τέλος, πατέρα δὲ διὰ τὴν φροντίδα καὶ τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν εἰς ἅπαντας, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ δοκεῖν ὥσπερ ἀρχηγὸν εἶναι τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὕπατον δὲ καὶ βασιλέα διὰ τὴν τῆς ἀρχῆς ὑπεροχήν, εὐβουλέα δὲ καὶ μητιέτην διὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ βουλεύεσθαι καλῶς σύνεσιν.
μυθολογοῦσι δὲ καὶ τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν κατὰ τὴν Κρήτην ἐκ Διὸς ἐν ταῖς πηγαῖς τοῦ Τρίτωνος ποταμοῦ γεννηθῆναι· διὸ καὶ Τριτογένειαν ὀνομασθῆναι. ἔστι δὲ καὶ νῦν ἔτι περὶ τὰς πηγὰς ταύτας ἱερὸν ἅγιον τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης, ἐν ᾧ τόπῳ τὴν γένεσιν αὐτῆς ὑπάρξαι μυθολογοῦσι.
λέγουσι δὲ καὶ τοὺς γάμους τοῦ τε Διὸς καὶ τῆς Ἥρας ἐν τῇ Κνωσίων χώρᾳ γενέσθαι κατά τινα τόπον πλησίον τοῦ Θήρηνος ποταμοῦ, καθʼ ὃν νῦν ἱερόν ἐστιν, ἐν ᾧ θυσίας κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἁγίους ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων συντελεῖσθαι, καὶ τοὺς γάμους ἀπομιμεῖσθαι, καθάπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς γενέσθαι παρεδόθησαν.
τοῦ δὲ Διὸς ἐκγόνους φασὶ γενέσθαι θεὰς μὲν Ἀφροδίτην καὶ Χάριτας, πρὸς δὲ ταύταις Εἰλείθυιαν καὶ τὴν ταύτης συνεργὸν Ἄρτεμιν, καὶ τὰς προσαγορευομένας Ὥρας, Εὐνομίαν τε καὶ Δίκην, ἔτι δʼ Εἰρήνην καὶ Ἀθηνᾶν καὶ Μοῦσας, θεοὺς δὲ Ἥφαιστον καὶ Ἄρην καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Ἑρμῆν καὶ Διόνυσον καὶ Ἡρακλέα.
And it was ordained, the myth continues, that sacrifices should be offered to Zeus surpassing those offered to all the other gods, and that, after he passed from earth into the heavens, a just belief should spring up in the souls of all who had received his benefactions that he is lord of all the phenomena of heaven, that is, both of rain and of thunder and of lightning and of everything else of that nature. It is for this reason also that names have been given him: Zên, because in the opinion of mankind he is the cause of life (zên), bringing as he does the fruits to maturity by tempering the atmosphere; Father, because of the concern and goodwill he manifests toward all mankind, as well as because he is considered to be the first cause of the race of men; Most High and King, because of the preëminence of his rule; Good Counsellor and All-wise, because of the sagacity he manifests in the giving of wise counsel.
Athena, the myths relate, was likewise begotten of Zeus in Crete, at the sources of the river Triton, this being the reason why she has been given the name Tritogeneia. And there stands, even to this day, at these sources a temple which is sacred to this goddess, at the spot where the myth relates that her birth took place. Men say also that the marriage of Zeus and Hera was held in the territory of the Cnosians, at a place near the river Theren, where now a temple stands in which the natives of the place annually offer holy sacrifices and imitate the ceremony of the marriage, in the manner in which with tradition tells it was originally performed.
To Zeus also were born, they say, the goddesses Aphroditê and the Graces, Eileithyia and her helper Artemis, the Hours, as they are called, Eunomia and Dikê and Eirenê, and Athena and the Muses, and the gods Hephaestus and Ares and Apollo, and Hermes and Dionysus and Heracles.
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