ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῖς Ῥοδίων πράξεσι τῆς κατʼ ἀντιπέρας Χερρονήσου ἔνια συμπεπλέχθαι συμβέβηκεν, οὐκ ἀνοίκειον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ αὐτῶν διελθεῖν. ἡ Χερρόνησος τοίνυν τὸ παλαιόν, ὡς μέν τινές φασιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου τῆς φύσεως ὄντος ἰσθμώδους ταύτης ἔτυχε τῆς προσηγορίας· ὡς δέ τινες ἀναγεγράφασιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ δυναστεύσαντος τῶν τόπων ὄνομα Χερρονήσου προσηγόρευται.
οὐ πολλῷ δʼ ὕστερον τῆς τούτου δυναστείας λέγεται πέντε Κούρητας ἐκ Κρήτης εἰς αὐτὴν περαιωθῆναι· τούτους δʼ ἀπογόνους γεγονέναι τῶν ὑποδεξαμένων Δία παρὰ τῆς μητρὸς Ῥέας καὶ θρεψάντων ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Κρήτην Ἰδαίοις ὄρεσι.
στόλῳ δʼ ἀξιολόγῳ πλεύσαντας εἰς τὴν Χερρόνησον τοὺς μὲν κατοικοῦντας αὐτὴν Κᾶρας ἐκβαλεῖν, αὐτοὺς δὲ κατοικήσαντας τὴν μὲν χώραν εἰς πέντε μέρη διελεῖν, καὶ πόλιν ἕκαστον κτίσαι θέμενον ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ τὴν προσηγορίαν.
οὐ πολὺ δὲ τούτων κατόπιν Ἴναχον τὸν Ἀργείων βασιλέα, ἀφανισθείσης τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰοῦς, ἐξαποστεῖλαι Κύρνον, ἕνα τῶν ἡγεμονικῶν ἀνδρῶν, δόντα αὐτῷ στόλον ἀξιόλογον, καὶ προστάξαι ζητεῖν ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ τὴν Ἰώ, καὶ μὴ ἐπανελθεῖν, ἐὰν μὴ ταύτης ἐγκρατὴς γένηται.
ὁ δὲ Κύρνος ἐπὶ πολλὰ μέρη τῆς οἰκουμένης πλανηθεὶς καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος εὑρεῖν ταύτην, κατέπλευσε τῆς Καρίας εἰς τὴν προειρημένην Χερρόνησον· ἀπογνοὺς δὲ τὴν εἰς οἶκον ἀνακομιδὴν κατῴκησεν ἐν τῇ Χερρονήσῳ, καὶ τὰ μὲν πείσας, τὰ δʼ ἀναγκάσας ἐβασίλευσε μέρους τῆς χώρας καὶ πόλιν ἔκτισεν ὁμώνυμον ἑαυτῷ Κύρνον· πολιτευόμενος δὲ δημοτικῶς μεγάλης ἀποδοχῆς ἐτύγχανε παρὰ τοῖς συμπολιτευομένοις.
Since the affairs of Rhodes, as it happened, became interwoven with certain events occurring in the Cherronesus which lies opposite the island, I think it will not be foreign to my purpose to discuss the latter. The Cherronesus, as some men say, received in ancient times the name it bears from the fact that the natural shape of the region is that of an isthmus, but others have written that the name Cherronesus is given it from the man who once ruled over those parts. The account runs like this: Not long after Cherronesus had ruled, five Curetes passed over to it from Crete, and these were descendants of those who had received Zeus from his mother Rhea and had nurtured him in the mountains of Idê in Crete. And sailing to the Cherronesus with a notable expedition they expelled the Carians who dwelt there, and settling down in the land themselves they divided it into five parts, each of them founding a city which he named after himself. Not long after this Inachus, the king of the Argives, since his daughter Io had disappeared, sent forth Cyrnus, one of his men in high command, fitting him out with a considerable fleet, and ordered him to hunt for Io in every region and not to return unless he had got possession of her. And Cyrnus, after having wandered over many parts of the inhabited world without being able to find her, put ashore in Caria on the Cherronesus we are discussing; and despairing of ever returning to his house, he made his home in the Cherronesus, where, partly by persuasive means and partly by the use of force, he became king of a part of the land and founded a city which bore his name Cyrnus. And by administering affairs in a popular fashion he enjoyed great favour among his fellow-citizens.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Τριόπαν, ἕνα τῶν Ἡλίου καὶ Ῥόδου παίδων, φεύγοντα διὰ τὸν Τενάγεω τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ φόνον εἰς τὴν Χερρόνησον ἀφικέσθαι. ἐνταῦθα δὲ καθαρθέντα τὸν φόνον ὑπὸ Μελισσέως τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς τὴν Θετταλίαν πλεῦσαι ἐπὶ συμμαχίαν τοῖς Δευκαλίωνος παισί, καὶ συνεκβαλεῖν ἐκ τῆς Θετταλίας τοὺς Πελασγούς,
καὶ μερίσασθαι τὸ καλούμενον Δώτιον πεδίον. ἐνταῦθα δὲ τὸ τέμενος τῆς Δήμητρος ἐκκόψαντα τῇ ὕλῃ καταχρῆσθαι πρὸς βασιλείων κατασκευήν· δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων μισηθέντα φυγεῖν ἐκ Θετταλίας, καὶ καταπλεῦσαι μετὰ τῶν συμπλευσάντων λαῶν εἰς τὴν Κνιδίαν, ἐν ᾗ κτίσαι τὸ καλούμενον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ Τριόπιον.
ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ὁρμώμενον τήν τε Χερρόνησον κατακτήσασθαι καὶ τῆς ὁμόρου Καρίας πολλήν. περὶ δὲ τοῦ γένους τοῦ Τριόπα πολλοὶ τῶν συγγραφέων καὶ ποιητῶν διαπεφωνήκασιν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀναγράφουσιν αὐτὸν υἱὸν εἶναι Κανάχης τῆς Αἰόλου καὶ Ποσειδῶνος, οἱ δὲ Λαπίθου τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Στίλβης τῆς Πηνειοῦ.
After this, the account continues, Triopas, one of the sons of Helius and Rhodos, who was a fugitive because of the murder of his brother Tenages, came to the Cherronesus. And after he had been purified there of the murder by Elisseus the king, he sailed to Thessaly to give assistance as an ally to the sons of Deucalion, and with their aid he expelled from Thessaly the Pelasgians and took for his portion the plain which is called Dotium. There he cut down the sacred grove of Demeter and used the wood to build a palace; and for this reason he incurred the hatred of the natives, whereupon he fled from Thessaly and put ashore, together with the peoples who sailed with him, in the territory of Cnidus, where he founded Triopium, as it was called after him. And setting out from this place as his base he won for himself both the Cherronesus and a large part of neighboring Caria. But as regards the ancestry of Triopas there is disagreement among many of the historians and poets; for some have recorded that he was the son of Canachê, the daughter of Aeolus and Poseidon, but others that he was born of Lapithes, the son of Apollo, and Stilbê, the daughter of Peneius.
ἔστι δʼ ἐν Καστάβῳ τῆς Χερρονήσου ἱερὸν ἅγιον Ἡμιθέας, ἧς τὴν περιπέτειαν οὐκ ἄξιον παραλιπεῖν. πολλοὶ μὲν οὖν καὶ ποικίλοι λόγοι περὶ ταύτης παραδέδονται· τὸν δʼ ἐπικρατοῦντα καὶ συμφωνούμενον παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις διέξιμεν. Σταφύλου γὰρ καὶ Χρυσοθέμιδός φασι γενέσθαι τρεῖς θυγατέρας, Μολπαδίαν καὶ Ῥοιὼ καὶ Παρθένον ὄνομα. καὶ τῇ μὲν Ῥοιοῖ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα μιγέντα ἔγκυον ποιῆσαι· τὸν δὲ πατέρα αὐτῆς ὡς ὑπʼ ἀνθρώπου τῆς φθορᾶς γεγενημένης ὀργισθῆναι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὴν θυγατέρα εἰς λάρνακα συγκλείσαντα βαλεῖν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν.
προσενεχθείσης δὲ τῆς λάρνακος τῇ Δήλῳ τεκεῖν ἄρρενα, καὶ προσαγορεῦσαι τὸ παιδίον Ἄνιον. τὴν δὲ Ῥοιὼ παραδόξως σωθεῖσαν ἀναθεῖναι τὸ βρέφος ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, καὶ ἐπεύξασθαι τῷ θεῷ, εἰ ἔστιν ἐξ ἐκείνου, σώζειν αὐτό. τὸν δʼ Ἀπόλλωνα μυθολογοῦσι τότε μὲν κρύψαι τὸ παιδίον, ὕστερον δὲ φροντίσαντα τῆς τροφῆς διδάξαι τὴν μαντικήν, καί τινας αὐτῷ περιτιθέναι μεγάλας τιμάς.
τὰς δὲ τῆς φθαρείσης ἀδελφὰς Μολπαδίαν καὶ Παρθένον φυλαττούσας τὸν τοῦ πατρὸς οἶνον, προσφάτως κατʼ ἀνθρώπους εὑρημένον, εἰς ὕπνον κατενεχθῆναι· καθʼ ὃν δὴ καιρὸν τὰς τρεφομένας παρʼ αὐτοῖς ὗς εἰσελθεῖν, καὶ τόν τε ἔχοντα τὸν οἶνον κέραμον συντρῖψαι καὶ τὸν οἶνον διαφθεῖραι. τὰς δὲ παρθένους μαθούσας τὸ γεγονός, καὶ φοβηθείσας τὸ ἀπότομον τοῦ πατρός, φυγεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν καὶ ἀπό τινων πετρῶν ὑψηλῶν ἑαυτὰς ῥῖψαι.
In Castabus, on the Cherronesus, there is a temple which is sacred to Hemithea, and there is no reason why we should omit to mention the strange occurrence which befell this goddess. Now many and various accounts have been handed down regarding her, but we shall recount that which has prevailed and is in accord with what the natives relate.
To Staphylus and Chrysothemis were born three daughters, Molpadia, Rhoeo, and Parthenos by name. Apollo lay with Rhoeo and brought her with child; and her father, believing that her seduction was due to a man, was angered, and in his anger he shut up his daughter in a chest and cast her into the sea. But the chest was washed up upon Delos, where she gave birth to a male child and called the babe Anius. And Rhoeo, who had been saved from death in this unexpected manner, laid the babe upon the altar of Apollo and prayed to the god to save its life if it was his child. Thereupon Apollo, the myth relates, concealed the child for the time, but afterwards he gave thought to its rearing, instructed it in divination, and conferred upon it certain great honours. And the other sisters of the maiden who had been seduced, namely, Molpadia and Parthenos, while watching their father’s wine, a drink which had only recently been discovered among men, fell asleep; and while they were asleep some swine which they were keeping entered in and broke the jar which contained the wine and so destroyed the wine. And the maidens, when they learned what had happened, in fear of their father’s severity fled to the edge of the sea and hurled themselves down from some lofty rocks.
Ἀπόλλωνα δὲ διὰ τὴν οἰκειότητα τὴν πρὸς τὴν ἀδελφὴν ὑπολαβόντα τὰς κόρας εἰς τὰς ἐν Χερρονήσῳ πόλεις καταστῆσαι. καὶ τὴν μὲν ὀνομαζομένην Παρθένον ἐποίησεν ἐν Βουβαστῷ τῆς Χερρονήσου τιμὰς ἔχειν καὶ τέμενος, Μολπαδίαν δὲ εἰς Κάσταβον ἐλθοῦσαν διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ γενομένην ἐπιφάνειαν Ἡμιθέαν ὠνομάσθαι καὶ τιμᾶσθαι παρὰ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν Χερρονήσῳ.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς θυσίαις αὐτῆς διὰ τὸ συμβὰν περὶ τὸν οἶνον πάθος τὰς μὲν σπονδὰς μελικράτῳ ποιοῦσι, τὸν δʼ ἁψάμενον ἢ φαγόντα ὑὸς οὐ νόμιμον προσελθεῖν πρὸς τὸ τέμενος.
But Apollo, because of his affection for their sister, rescued the maidens and established them in the cities of the Cherronesus. The one named Parthenos, as the god brought it to pass, enjoyed honours and a sacred precinct in Bubastus of the Cherronesus, while Molpadia, who came to Castabus, was given the name Hemithea, because the god had appeared to men, and she was honoured by all who dwelt in the Cherronesus. And in sacrifices which are held in her honour a mixture of honey and milk is used in the libations, because of the experience which she had had in connection with the wine, while anyone who has touched a hog or eaten of its flesh is not permitted to draw near to the sacred precinct.
ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἔλαβε τὸ ἱερὸν αὔξησιν τῆς Ἡμιθέας, ὥστε μὴ μόνον παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις καὶ τοῖς περιοίκοις τιμᾶσθαι διαφερόντως, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μακρὰν οἰκοῦντας εἰς αὐτὸ φιλοτίμως φοιτᾶν, καὶ θυσίαις τε μεγαλοπρεπέσι καὶ ἀναθήμασιν ἀξιολόγοις τιμᾶν, τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, Πέρσας ἡγουμένους τῆς Ἀσίας καὶ πάντα τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἱερὰ συλῶντας μόνου τοῦ τῆς Ἡμιθέας τεμένους ἀποσχέσθαι, τούς τε λῃστὰς τοὺς πάντα διαρπάζοντας μόνον τοῦτο ἀφεῖναι παντελῶς ἄσυλον, καίπερ ἀτείχιστον ὑπάρχον καὶ ἀκίνδυνον ἔχον τὴν ἁρπαγήν.
αἰτίαν δὲ τῆς ἐπὶ πλέον αὐξήσεως φέρουσι τὴν κοινὴν εἰς ἀνθρώπους εὐεργεσίαν· τοῖς τε γὰρ κάμνουσι κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους ἐφισταμένην φανερῶς διδόναι τὴν θεραπείαν καὶ πολλοὺς τοῖς ἀπεγνωσμένοις πάθεσι συνεχομένους ὑγιασθῆναι· πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὰς δυστοκούσας τῶν γυναικῶν τῆς ἐν ταῖς ὠδῖσι ταλαιπωρίας καὶ κινδύνων ἀπαλλάττειν τὴν θεόν.
διὸ καὶ πολλῶν ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων σεσωσμένων πεπλήρωται τὸ τέμενος ἀναθημάτων, καὶ ταῦτα οὔθʼ ὑπὸ φυλάκων οὔθʼ ὑπὸ τείχους ὀχυροῦ φυλαττόμενα, ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ τῆς συνήθους δεισιδαιμονίας.
In later times the temple of Hemithea enjoyed so great a development that not only was it held in special honour by the inhabitants of the place and of neighbouring regions, but even peoples from afar came to it in their devotion and honoured it with costly sacrifices and notable dedications. And most important of all, when the Persians were the dominant power in Asia and were plundering all the temples of the Greeks, the precinct of Hemithea was the sole shrine on which they did not lay hands, and the robbers who were pillaging everything they met left this shrine alone entirely unplundered, and this they did despite the fact that it was unwalled and the pillaging of it would have entailed no danger. And the reason which men advance for its continued development is the benefactions which the goddess confers upon all mankind alike; for she appears in visible shape in their sleep to those who are in suffering and gives them healing, and many who are in the grip of diseases for which no remedy is known are restored to health; furthermore, to women who are suffering in childbirth the goddess gives relief from the agony and perils of travail. Consequently, since many have been saved in these ways from most ancient times, the sacred precinct is filled with votive offerings, nor are these protected by guards or by a strong wall, but by the habitual reverence of the people.
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