περὶ δὲ τῶν κατοικησάντων ἐν αὐτῇ πρώτων Σικανῶν, ἐπειδή τινες τῶν συγγραφέων διαφωνοῦσιν, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι συντόμως εἰπεῖν. Φίλιστος μὲν γάρ φησιν ἐξ Ἰβηρίας αὐτοὺς ἀποικισθέντας κατοικῆσαι τὴν νῆσον, ἀπό τινος Σικανοῦ ποταμοῦ κατʼ Ἰβηρίαν ὄντος τετευχότας ταύτης τῆς προσηγορίας, Τίμαιος δὲ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τούτου τοῦ συγγραφέως ἐλέγξας ἀκριβῶς ἀποφαίνεται τούτους αὐτόχθονας εἶναι· πολλὰς δʼ αὐτοῦ φέροντος ἀποδείξεις τῆς τούτων ἀρχαιότητος, οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον ἡγούμεθα περὶ τούτων διεξιέναι.
οἱ δʼ οὖν Σικανοὶ τὸ παλαιὸν κωμηδὸν ᾤκουν, ἐπὶ τῶν ὀχυρωτάτων λόφων τὰς πόλεις κατασκευάζοντες διὰ τοὺς λῃστάς· οὐ γὰρ ἦσαν ὑπὸ μίαν ἡγεμονίαν βασιλέως τεταγμένοι, κατὰ πόλιν δὲ ἑκάστην εἷς ἦν ὁ δυναστεύων.
καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἅπασαν τὴν νῆσον κατῴκουν, καὶ τὴν χώραν ἐργαζόμενοι τὰς τροφὰς εἶχον· ὕστερον δὲ τῆς Αἴτνης ἐν πλείοσι τόποις ἀναφυσήματα πυρὸς ἀνείσης, καὶ πολλοῦ κατὰ τὴν χώραν ῥύακος ἐκχυθέντος, συνέβη φθαρῆναι τῆς γῆς ἐπὶ πολὺν τόπον. ἐπʼ ἔτη δὲ πλείω τοῦ πυρὸς ἐπινεμομένου πολλὴν χώραν, φοβηθέντες τὰ μὲν πρὸς ἕω κεκλιμένα τῆς Σικελίας ἐξέλιπον, εἰς δὲ τὰ πρὸς δυσμὰς νεύοντα μετῴκησαν. τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον πολλαῖς γενεαῖς ὕστερον ἐκ τῆς Ἰταλίας τὸ τῶν Σικελῶν ἔθνος πανδημεὶ περαιωθὲν εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν, τὴν ὑπὸ τῶν Σικανῶν ἐκλειφθεῖσαν χώραν κατῴκησαν.
We must now write briefly about the Sicani who were the first inhabitants of Sicily, in view of the fact that certain historians are not in agreement about this people. Philistus, for instance, says that they removed from Iberia and settled the island, having got the name they bore from a certain river in Iberia named Sicanus, but Timaeus adduces proof of the ignorance of this historian and correctly declares that they were indigenous; and inasmuch as the evidences he offers of the antiquity of this people are many, we think that there is no need for us to recount them. The Sicani, then, originally made their homes in villages, building their settlements upon the strongest hills because of the pirates; for they had not yet been brought under the single rule of a king, but in each settlement there was one man who was lord. And at first they made their home in every part of the island and secured their food by tilling the land; but at a later time, when Aetna sent up volcanic eruptions in an increasing number of places and a great torrent of lava was poured forth over the land, it came to pass that a great stretch of the country was ruined. And since the fire kept consuming a large area of the land during an increasing number of years, in fear they left the eastern parts of Sicily and removed to the western. And last of all, many generations later, the people of the Siceli crossed over in a body from Italy into Sicily and made their home in the land which had been abandoned by the Sicani.
ἀεὶ δὲ τῇ πλεονεξίᾳ προβαινόντων τῶν Σικελῶν, καὶ τὴν ὅμορον πορθούντων, ἐγένοντο πόλεμοι πλεονάκις αὐτοῖς πρὸς τοὺς Σικανούς, ἕως συνθήκας ποιησάμενοι συμφώνους ὅρους ἔθεντο τῆς χώρας· περὶ ὧν τὰ κατὰ μέρος ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις χρόνοις ἀναγράψομεν.
ὕσταται δʼ ἀποικίαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐγένοντο κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν ἀξιόλογοι καὶ πόλεις παρὰ θάλατταν ἐκτίσθησαν. ἀναμιγνύμενοι δʼ ἀλλήλοις καὶ διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν καταπλεόντων Ἑλλήνων τήν τε διάλεκτον αὐτῶν ἔμαθον καὶ ταῖς ἀγωγαῖς συντραφέντες τὸ τελευταῖον τὴν βάρβαρον διάλεκτον ἅμα καὶ τὴν προσηγορίαν ἠλλάξαντο, Σικελιῶται προσαγορευθέντες.
And since the Siceli steadily grew more avaricious and kept ravaging the land which bordered on theirs, frequent wars arose between them and the Sicani, until at last they struck covenants and set up boundaries, upon which they had agreed, for the territory. With regard to the Sicani we shall give a detailed account in connection with the appropriate period of time. The colonies of the Greeks — and notable ones they were — were the last to be made in Sicily, and their cities were founded on the sea. All the inhabitants mingled with one another, and since the Greeks came to the island in great numbers, the natives learned their speech, and then, having been brought up in the Greek ways of life, they lost in the end their barbarian speech as well as their name, all of them being called Siceliotae.
ἡμεῖς δὲ περὶ τούτων ἀρκούντως εἰρηκότες μεταβιβάσομεν τὸν λόγον ἐπὶ τὰς νήσους τὰς ὀνομαζομένας Αἰολίδας. αὗται δʼ εἰσὶ τὸν μὲν ἀριθμὸν ἑπτά, προσηγορίας δʼ ἔχουσι ταύτας, Στρογγύλη καὶ Εὐώνυμος, ἔτι δὲ Διδύμη καὶ Φοινικώδης καὶ Ἐρικώδης, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Ἱερὰ Ἡφαίστου καὶ Λιπάρα,
καθʼ ἣν ὁμώνυμος πόλις καθίδρυται. κεῖνται δʼ αὗται μεταξὺ Σικελίας καὶ Ἰταλίας ἐπʼ εὐθείας ἀπὸ πορθμοῦ καὶ τῆς πρὸς ἕω πρὸς δύσιν. ἀπέχουσι δὲ τῆς Σικελίας ὡς ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα σταδίους, καὶ τὸ μέγεθός εἰσιν ἀλλήλαις παραπλήσιαι· ἡ δὲ μεγίστη αὐτῶν ἐστι τὴν περίμετρον σταδίων ὡς ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα.
αὗται δὲ πᾶσαι πυρὸς ἐσχήκασιν ἀναφυσήματα μεγάλα, ὧν κρατῆρες οἱ γεγενημένοι καὶ τὰ στόμια μέχρι τοῦ νῦν εἰσι φανερά. ἐν δὲ τῇ Στρογγύλῃ καὶ τῇ Ἱερᾷ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν ἐκ τῶν χασμάτων ἐκπίπτει πνεύματος μέγεθος καὶ βρόμος ἐξαίσιος· ἐκφυσᾶται δὲ καὶ ἅμμος καὶ λίθων διαπύρων πλῆθος, καθάπερ ἔστιν ὁρᾶν καὶ περὶ τὴν Αἴτνην γινόμενον.
λέγουσι γάρ τινες ἐκ τούτων τῶν νήσων ὑπονόμους εἶναι κατὰ γῆς μέχρι τῆς Αἴτνης καὶ τοῖς ἐπʼ ἀμφότερα στομίοις συνημμένους· διὸ καὶ κατὰ τὸ πλεῖστον ἐναλλὰξ κάεσθαι τοὺς ἐν ταύταις ταῖς νήσοις κρατῆρας τῶν κατὰ τὴν Αἴτνην.
φασὶ δὲ τὰς Αἰόλου νήσους τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν ἐρήμους γεγονέναι, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὸν ὀνομαζόμενον Λίπαρον, Αὔσονος ὄντα τοῦ βασιλέως υἱόν, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν καταστασιασθῆναι, κυριεύσαντα δὲ νεῶν μακρῶν καὶ στρατιωτῶν ἐκ τῆς Ἰταλίας φυγεῖν εἰς τὴν ἀπὸ τούτου Λιπάραν ὀνομασθεῖσαν· ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ τὴν ἐπώνυμον αὑτοῦ πόλιν κτίσαι, καὶ τὰς ἄλλας νήσους τὰς προειρημένας γεωργῆσαι.
But since we have spoken about these matters at sufficient length we shall turn our discussion to the islands known as the Aeolides. These islands are seven in number and bear the following names: Strongylê, Euonymus, Didymê, Phoenicodes, Ericodes, Hiera Hephaestu, and Lipara, on which is situated a city of the same name. They lie between Sicily and Italy in a straight line from the Strait, extending from east to west. They are about one hundred and fifty stades distant from Sicily and are all of about the same size, and the largest one of them is about one hundred and fifty stades in circumference. All of them have experienced great volcanic eruptions, and the resulting craters and openings may be seen to this day. On Strongylê and Hiera even at the present time there are sent forth from the open mouths great exhalations accompanied by an enormous roaring, and sand and a multitude of red-hot stones are erupted, as may also be seen taking place on Aetna. The reason is, as some say, that passages lead under the earth from these islands to Aetna and are connected with the openings at both ends of them, and this is why the craters on these islands usually alternate in activity with those of Aetna.
We are told that the islands of Aeolus were uninhabited in ancient times, but that later Liparus, as he was called, the son of Auson the king, was overcome by his brothers who rebelled against him, and securing some warships and soldiers he fled from Italy to the island, which received the name Lipara after him; on it he founded the city which bears his name and brought under cultivation the other islands mentioned before.
τούτου δὲ γεγηρακότος Αιὄλον τὸν Ἱππότου μετά τινων παραβαλόντα εἰς τὴν Λιπάραν τὴν τοῦ Λιπάρου θυγατέρα γῆμαι Κυάνην· καὶ τοὺς λαοὺς κοινῇ μετὰ τῶν ἐγχωρίων πολιτεύεσθαι ποιήσας ἐβασίλευσε τῆς νήσου. τῷ δὲ Λιπάρῳ τῆς Ἰταλίας ἐπιθυμοῦντι συγκατεσκεύασεν αὐτῷ τοὺς περὶ τὸ Σύρρεντον τόπους, ὅπου βασιλεύσας καὶ μεγάλης ἀποδοχῆς τυχὼν ἐτελεύτησε· ταφεὶς δὲ μεγαλοπρεπῶς τιμῶν ἔτυχεν ἡρωικῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις.
ὁ δʼ Αἰόλος οὗτός ἐστι πρὸς ὃν μυθολογοῦσι τὸν Ὀδυσσέα κατὰ τὴν πλάνην ἀφικέσθαι. γενέσθαι δʼ αὐτόν φασιν εὐσεβῆ καὶ δίκαιον, ἔτι δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ξένους φιλάνθρωπον· πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὴν τῶν ἱστίων χρείαν τοῖς ναυτικοῖς ἐπεισηγήσασθαι, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ πυρὸς προσημασίας παρατετηρηκότα προλέγειν τοὺς ἐγχωρίους ἀνέμους εὐστόχως, ἐξ οὗ ταμίαν αὐτὸν εἶναι τῶν ἀνέμων ὁ μῦθος ἀνέδειξε· διὰ δὲ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς εὐσεβείας φίλον τῶν θεῶν ὀνομασθῆναι.
And when Liparus had already come to old age, Aeolus, the son of Hippotes, came to Lipara with certain companions and married Cyanê, the daughter of Liparus; and after he had formed a government in which his followers and the natives shared equally he became king over the island. To Liparus, who had a longing for Italy, Aeolus gave his aid in securing for him the regions about Surrentum, where he became king and, after winning great esteem, ended his days; and after he had been accorded a magnificent funeral he received at the hands of the natives honours equal to those offered to the heroes. This is the Aeolus to whom, the myth relates, Odysseus came in the course of his wanderings. He was, they say, pious and just and kindly as well in his treatment of strangers; furthermore, he introduced sea-farers to the use of sails and had learned, by long observation of what the fire foretold, to predict with accuracy the local winds, this being the reason why the myth has referred to him as the “keeper of the winds”; and it was because of his very great piety that he was called a friend of the Gods.
τοῦ δʼ Αἰόλου υἱοὺς γενέσθαι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἕξ, Ἀστύοχον καὶ Ξοῦθον καὶ Ἀνδροκλέα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Φεραίμονα καὶ Ἰόκαστον καὶ Ἀγάθυρνον· πάντας δὲ τούτους διά τε τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς δόξαν καὶ διὰ τὰς ἀρετὰς ἀποδοχῆς μεγάλης τυχεῖν· τούτων δʼ Ἰόκαστος μὲν τῆς Ἰταλίας ἀντεχόμενος ἐβασίλευσε τῆς παραλίας μέχρι τῶν κατὰ τὸ Ῥήγιον τόπων, Φεραίμων δὲ καὶ Ἀνδροκλῆς ἐδυνάστευσαν τῆς Σικελίας ἀπὸ πορθμοῦ μέχρι τῶν κατὰ τὸ Λιλύβαιον τόπων. ταύτης δὲ τῆς χώρας τὰ μὲν πρὸς ἕω κεκλιμένα μέρη κατῴκουν Σικελοί, τὰ δὲ πρὸς δυσμὰς Σικανοί.
ταῦτα δὲ τὰ ἔθνη πρὸς ἄλληλα διεφέροντο, τοῖς δʼ Αἰόλου παισὶ τοῖς προειρημένοις ἑκουσίως ὑπήκουον διά τε τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς Αἰόλου διαβεβοημένην εὐσέβειαν καὶ διὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ἐκείνων ἐπιείκειαν. ἐβασίλευσε δὲ καὶ Ξοῦθος τῆς περὶ τοὺς Λεοντίνους χώρας, ἥτις ἀπʼ ἐκείνου μέχρι τοῦ νῦν χρόνου Ξουθία προσαγορεύεται. Ἀγάθυρνος δὲ βασιλεύσας τῆς νῦν ὀνομαζομένης Ἀγαθυρνίτιδος χώρας ἔκτισε πόλιν τὴν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ κληθεῖσαν Ἀγάθυρνον. Ἀστύοχος δὲ τῆς Λιπάρας ἔσχε τὴν ἡγεμονίαν.
πάντες δʼ οὗτοι μιμησάμενοι τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς εὐσέβειάν τε καὶ δικαιοσύνην μεγάλης ἐτύγχανον ἀποδοχῆς. ἐπὶ πολλὰς δὲ γενεὰς τῶν ἐκγόνων διαδεχομένων τὰς δυναστείας, τὸ τελευταῖον οἱ ἀπʼ Αἰόλου γεγονότες βασιλεῖς κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν διελύθησαν.
To Aeolus, we are told, sons were born to the number of six, Astyochus, Xuthus, and Androcles, and Pheraemon, Jocastus, and Agathyrnus, and they every one received great approbation both because of the fame of their father and because of their own high achievements. Of their number Jocastus held fast to Italy and was king of the coast as far as the regions about Rhegium, but Pheraemon and Androcles were lords over Sicily from the Strait as far as the regions about Lilybaeum. Of this country the parts to the east were inhabited by Siceli and those to the west by Sicani. These two peoples quarrelled with each other, but they rendered obedience of their own free will to the sons of Aeolus we have mentioned, both because of the piety of their father Aeolus, which was famed afar, and because of the fair-dealing of the sons themselves. Xuthus was king over the land in the neighbourhood of Leontini, which is known after him as Xuthia to this day. Agathyrnus, becoming king of the land now called Agathyrnitis, founded a city which was called after him Agathyrnus; and Astyochus secured the lordship over Lipara. All these men followed the example which their father had set for both piety and justice and hence were accorded great approbation. Their descendants succeeded to their thrones over many generations, but in the end the kings of the house of Aeolus were overthrown throughout Sicily.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οἱ μὲν Σικελοὶ τοῖς ἀρίστοις τῶν ἀνδρῶν τὰς ἡγεμονίας ἐνεχείριζον, οἱ δὲ Σικανοὶ περὶ τῆς δυναστείας διαφερόμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐπολέμουν ἐπὶ πολλοὺς χρόνους. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν ὕστερον, πάλιν τῶν νήσων ἐξερημουμένων ἀεὶ καὶ μᾶλλον, Κνίδιοί τινες καὶ Ῥόδιοι δυσαρεστήσαντες τῇ βαρύτητι τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν βασιλέων ἔγνωσαν ἀποικίαν ἐκπέμπειν.
διόπερ προστησάμενοι σφῶν αὐτῶν ἡγεμόνα Πένταθλον τὸν Κνίδιον, ὃς ἦν ἀναφέρων τὸ γένος εἰς Ἱππότην τὸν ἀφʼ Ἡρακλέους γεγονότα, κατὰ τὴν ὀλυμπιάδα τὴν πεντηκοστήν, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Ἐπιτελίδας Λάκων, οἱ δʼ οὖν περὶ τὸν Πένταθλον πλεύσαντες τῆς Σικελίας εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὸ Λιλύβαιον τόπους κατέλαβον Ἐγεσταίους καὶ Σελινουντίους διαπολεμοῦντας πρὸς ἀλλήλους.
πεισθέντες δὲ τοῖς Σελινουντίοις συμμαχεῖν πολλοὺς ἀπέβαλον κατὰ τὴν μάχην, ἐν οἷς ἦν καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Πένταθλος. διόπερ οἱ περιλειφθέντες, ἐπειδὴ κατεπολεμήθησαν οἱ Σελινούντιοι, διέγνωσαν ἀπιέναι πάλιν ἐπʼ οἴκου· ἑλόμενοι δʼ ἡγεμόνας τοὺς οἰκείους τοῦ Πεντάθλου Γόργον καὶ Θέστορα καὶ Ἐπιθερσίδην, ἀπέπλεον διὰ τοῦ Τυρρηνικοῦ πελάγους.
After this the Siceli put the leadership in each case in the hands of the ablest man, but the Sicani quarrelled over the lordship and warred against each other during a long period of time. But many years later than these events, when the islands again were becoming steadily more destitute of inhabitants, certain men of Cnidus and Rhodes, being aggrieved at the harsh treatment they were receiving at the hands of the kings of Asia, resolved to send out a colony. Consequently, having chosen for their leader Pentathlus of Cnidus — who traced his ancestry back to Hippotes, who was a descendant of Heracles — in the course of the Fiftieth Olympiad, that in which Epitelidas of Sparta won the “stadion,” these settlers, then, of the company of Pentathlus sailed to Sicily to the regions about Lilybaeum, where they found the inhabitants of Egesta and of Selinus at war with one another. And being persuaded by the men of Selinus to take their side in the war, they suffered heavy losses in the battle, Pentathlus himself being among those who fell. Consequently the survivors, since the men of Selinus had been defeated in the war, decided to return to their homes; and choosing for leaders Gorgus and Thestor and Epithersides, who were relatives of Pentathlus, they sailed off through the Tyrrhenian Sea.
προσπλευσάντων δʼ αὐτῶν τῇ Λιπάρᾳ καὶ φιλόφρονος ἀποδοχῆς τυχόντων, ἐπείσθησαν κοινῇ μετὰ τῶν ἐγχωρίων κατοικῆσαι τὴν Λιπάραν, ὄντων τῶν ἀπʼ Αἰόλου περιλελειμμένων ὡς πεντακοσίων. ὕστερον δὲ τῶν Τυρρηνῶν λῃστευόντων τὰ κατὰ θάλατταν πολεμούμενοι κατεσκευάσαντο ναυτικόν, καὶ διελόμενοι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς οἱ μὲν ἐγεώργουν τὰς νήσους κοινὰς ποιήσαντες, οἱ δὲ πρὸς τοὺς λῃστὰς ἀντετάττοντο· καὶ τὰς οὐσίας δὲ κοινὰς ποιησάμενοι καὶ ζῶντες κατὰ συσσίτια, διετέλεσαν ἐπί τινας χρόνους κοινωνικῶς βιοῦντες.
ὕστερον δὲ τὴν μὲν Λιπάραν, καθʼ ἣν καὶ ἡ πόλις ἦν, διενείμαντο, τὰς δʼ ἄλλας ἐγεώργουν κοινῇ. τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον πάσας τὰς νήσους εἰς εἴκοσι ἔτη διελόμενοι πάλιν κληρουχοῦσιν, ὅταν ὁ χρόνος οὗτος διέλθῃ. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλαῖς ναυμαχίαις ἐνίκησαν τοὺς Τυρρηνούς, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν λαφύρων πλεονάκις ἀξιολόγους δεκάτας ἀνέθεσαν εἰς Δελφούς.
But when they put in at Lipara and received a kindly reception, they were prevailed upon to make common cause with the inhabitants of Lipara in forming a single community there, since of the colony of Aeolus there remained only about five hundred men. At a later time, because they were being harassed by the Tyrrheni who were carrying on piracy on the sea, they fitted out a fleet, and divided themselves into two bodies, one of which took over the cultivation of the islands which they had made the common property of the community, whereas the other was to fight the pirates; their possessions also they made common property, and living according to the public mess system, they passed their lives in this communistic fashion for some time. At a later time they apportioned among themselves the island of Lipara, where their city also lay, but cultivated the other islands in common. And in the final stage they divided all the islands among themselves for a period of twenty years, and then they cast lots for them again at every expiration of this period. After effecting this organization they defeated the Tyrrhenians in many sea-fights, and from their booty they often made notable dedications of a tenth part, which they sent to Delphi.
λείπεται δʼ ἡμῖν περὶ τῆς τῶν Λιπαραίων πόλεως τὰς αἰτίας ἀποδοῦναι, διʼ ἃς ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἔλαβεν αὔξησιν οὐ μόνον πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς δόξαν. αὕτη γὰρ λιμέσι τε καλοῖς ὑπὸ τῆς φύσεως κεκόσμηται καὶ θερμοῖς ὕδασι τοῖς διαβεβοημένοις· οὐ μόνον γὰρ πρὸς ὑγίειαν τῶν νοσούντων τὰ κατʼ αὐτὴν λουτρὰ πολλὰ συμβάλλεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν τῶν θερμῶν ὑδάτων ἰδιότητα παρέχεται τέρψιν καὶ ἀπόλαυσιν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν. διόπερ πολλοὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν ὑπὸ νόσων ἰδιοτρόπων ἐνοχλούμενοι καταντῶσιν εἰς αὐτήν, καὶ τοῖς λουτροῖς χρώμενοι παραδόξως ὑγιεῖς καθίστανται.
ἔχει δʼ ἡ νῆσος αὕτη τὰ διαβεβοημένα μέταλλα τῆς στυπτηρίας, ἐξ ἧς λαμβάνουσιν οἱ Λιπαραῖοι καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι μεγάλας προσόδους. οὐδαμοῦ γὰρ τῆς οἰκουμένης στυπτηρίας γινομένης καὶ πολλὴν χρείαν παρεχομένης, εἰκότως μονοπώλιον ἔχοντες καὶ τὰς τιμὰς ἀναβιβάζοντες πλῆθος χρημάτων λαμβάνουσιν ἄπιστον· ἐν μόνῃ γὰρ τῇ νήσῳ Μήλῳ φύεται μικρά τις στυπτηρία, μὴ δυναμένη διαρκεῖν πολλαῖς πόλεσιν.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ νῆσος τῶν Λιπαραίων μικρὰ μὲν τὸ μέγεθος, καρποφόρος δὲ ἱκανῶς καὶ τὰ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων τρυφὴν ἔχουσα διαφερόντως· καὶ γὰρ ἰχθύων παντοδαπῶν παρέχεται πλῆθος τοῖς κατοικοῦσι καὶ τῶν ἀκροδρύων τὰ μάλιστα δυνάμενα παρέχεσθαι τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀπολαύσεως ἡδονήν. καὶ περὶ μὲν Λιπάρας καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν Αἰόλου νήσων καλουμένων ἀρκεσθησόμεθα τοῖς ῥηθεῖσιν.
It remains for us now, as regards the city of the Liparians, to give an explanation of the causes why in later times it grew to a position, not only of prosperity, but even of renown. These, then, are the reasons: The city is adorned by nature with excellent harbours and springs of warm water which are famed far and wide; for not only do the baths there contribute greatly to the healing of the sick, but they also, in keeping with the peculiar property of such warm springs, provide pleasure and enjoyment of no ordinary kind. Consequently many people throughout Sicily who are afflicted by illnesses of a peculiar nature come to the city and by taking the baths regain their health in a marvellous manner. And this island contains the far-famed mines of styptic earth, from which the Liparians and Romans derive great revenues. For since styptic earth is found nowhere else in the inhabited world and is of great usefulness, it stands to reason that, because they enjoy a monopoly of it and can raise the price, they should get an unbelievable amount of money; for on the island of Melos alone is there found a deposit of styptic earth, but a small one, which cannot suffice for many cities. The island of the Liparians is also small in extent but sufficiently fruitful and, so far as the wants of men are concerned, it supports even a high degree of luxury; for it supplies the inhabitants with a multitude of fish of every kind and contains those fruit trees which can offer the most pleasure when one enjoys them. But as regards Lipara and the rest of the islands of Aeolus, as they are called, we shall be satisfied with what has been said.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Λιπάραν εἰς τὸ πρὸς δυσμὰς μέρος νῆσός ἐστι πελαγία, μικρὰ μὲν τὸ μέγεθος, ἔρημος δὲ καὶ διά τινα περιπέτειαν Ὀστεώδης ὀνομαζομένη. καθʼ ὃν γὰρ καιρὸν Καρχηδόνιοι πρὸς Συρακοσίους διαπολεμοῦντες πολλοὺς καὶ μεγάλους πολέμους δυνάμεις εἶχον ἀξιολόγους πεζάς τε καὶ ναυτικάς, περὶ δὲ τούτους τοὺς καιροὺς μισθοφόρων ὄντων παρʼ αὐτοῖς πολλῶν καὶ παντοδαπῶν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, οὗτοι δὲ ταραχώδεις ὄντες καὶ πολλὰς καὶ μεγάλας στάσεις εἰωθότες ποιεῖσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα ὅταν τοὺς μισθοὺς εὐκαίρως μὴ λαμβάνωσιν, ἐχρήσαντο καὶ τότε τῇ συνήθει ῥᾳδιουργίᾳ τε καὶ τόλμῃ. ὄντες γὰρ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὡς ἑξακισχίλιοι,
καὶ τοὺς μισθοὺς οὐκ ἀπολαμβάνοντες, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον συντρέχοντες κατεβόων τῶν στρατηγῶν, ἐκείνων δʼ ἀπορουμένων χρημάτων καὶ πολλάκις ἀναβαλλομένων τὰς ἀποδόσεις, ἠπείλουν τοῖς ὅπλοις ἀμυνεῖσθαι τοὺς Καρχηδονίους, καὶ τὰς χεῖρας προσέφερον τοῖς ἡγεμόσι.
τῆς δὲ γερουσίας ἐγκαλούσης καὶ τῆς διαφορᾶς ἀεὶ μᾶλλον ἐκκαομένης, ἡ μὲν γερουσία τοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἐν ἀπορρήτοις προσέταξεν ἀφανίσαι πάντας τοὺς ἐγκαλουμένους· οἱ δὲ λαβόντες τὰς ἐντολάς, καὶ τοὺς μισθοφόρους ἐμβιβάσαντες εἰς τὰς ναῦς, ἐξέπλευσαν ὡς ἐπί τινα πολεμικὴν χρείαν. προσπλεύσαντες δὲ τῇ προειρημένῃ νήσῳ, καὶ πάντας τοὺς μισθοφόρους ἀποβιβάσαντες εἰς αὐτήν, ἀπέπλευσαν καταλιπόντες ἐν αὐτῇ τοὺς ἐγκαλουμένους.
Beyond Lipara, toward the west, lies an island in the open sea which is small in extent and uninhabited and bears the name Osteodes because of the following strange occurrence. During the time when the Carthaginians were waging many great wars with the Syracusans they were employing notable forces on both land and sea, and on the occasion in question they had many mercenaries who were gathered from every people; such troops are always trouble-makers and make it their practice to cause many and serious mutinies, especially on occasions when they do not get their pay promptly, and at the time of which we are speaking they practised their accustomed knavishness and audacity. For being in number about six thousand and not receiving their pay, they at first massed together and inveighed against the generals, and since the latter were without funds and time after time kept deferring payment, they threatened that they would take up arms and wreak vengeance upon the Carthaginians, and they even laid violent hands upon the commanders. Though the senate admonished them, the quarrel always blazed forth the more, whereupon the senate gave secret orders to the generals to do away with all the recalcitrants; and the generals then, acting upon the commands, embarked the mercenaries upon ships and sailed off as if upon some mission of war. And putting in at the island we have mentioned they disembarked all the mercenaries upon it and then sailed away, leaving the recalcitrants upon the island.
οἱ δὲ μισθοφόροι περιαλγεῖς ὄντες τῇ περιστάσει καὶ μὴ δυνάμενοι τοὺς Καρχηδονίους ἀμύνασθαι, λιμῷ διεφθάρησαν. ἐν νήσῳ δὲ μικρᾷ τοσούτων αἰχμαλώτων τελευτησάντων συνέβη τὸν τόπον ὀλίγον ὄντα πληρωθῆναι τῶν ὀστῶν· ἀφʼ ἧς αἰτίας ἡ νῆσος ἔτυχε τῆς προσηγορίας. οἱ μὲν οὖν μισθοφόροι τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον παρανομηθέντες τῆς μεγίστης συμφορᾶς ἔτυχον, ἐνδείᾳ τροφῆς διαφθαρέντες.
The mercenaries, being in deep distress at the condition in which they found themselves and yet unable to wreak vengeance upon the Carthaginians, perished from hunger. And since it was a small island on which so many confined men died, it came to pass that the place, little as it was, was filled with their bones; and this is the reason why the island received the name it bears. In this way, then, did the mercenaries, who were guilty of crime in the manner we have described, suffer the greatest misfortune, perishing for lack of food.
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