ἐπεὶ δὲ περὶ Ἡρακλέους καὶ τῶν ἀπογόνων αὐτοῦ διήλθομεν, οἰκεῖον ἂν εἴη περὶ Θησέως εἰπεῖν διὰ τὸ τοῦτον ζηλωτὴν γενέσθαι τῶν Ἡρακλέους ἄθλων. Θησεὺς τοίνυν γεγονὼς Αἴθρας τῆς Πιτθέως καὶ Ποσειδῶνος, τραφεὶς ἐν Τροιζῆνι παρὰ Πιτθεῖ τῷ μητροπάτορι, καὶ τὰ μυθολογούμενα σύμβολα ἀνῃρημένος τὰ ὑπὸ Αἰγέως ὑπό τινι πέτρᾳ τεθειμένα, κατήντησεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας. διεξιὼν δʼ, ὥς φασι, τὴν παραθαλάττιον, καὶ ζηλωτὴς ὢν τῆς Ἡρακλέους ἀρετῆς, ἐπεβάλετο τελεῖν ἄθλους περιέχοντας ἀποδοχήν τε καὶ δόξαν.
πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἀνεῖλε τὸν ὀνομαζόμενον Κορυνήτην, χρώμενον τῇ προσαγορευομένῃ κορύνῃ, ὅπερ ἦν ὅπλον ἀμυντήριον, καὶ τοὺς παριόντας ἀποκτείνοντα, δεύτερον δὲ τὸν ἐν Ἰσθμῷ κατοικοῦντα Σίνιν.
οὗτος γὰρ δύο πίτυς κάμπτων, καὶ πρὸς ἑκατέραν τὸν ἕνα βραχίονα προσδεσμεύων, ἄφνω τὰς πίτυς ἠφίει· διόπερ τῶν σωμάτων διὰ τὴν βίαν ἀποσπωμένων συνέβαινε τοὺς ἀτυχοῦντας μετὰ μεγάλης τιμωρίας τελευτᾶν.
τρίτον δὲ τὴν ἐν Κρομμυῶνι ὑπάρχουσαν ὗν ἀγρίαν, διαφέρουσαν ἀλκῇ τε καὶ μεγέθει καὶ πολλοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀναιροῦσαν, ἀπέκτεινεν. ἐκόλασε δὲ καὶ Σκείρωνα τὸν οἰκοῦντα τῆς Μεγαρίδος τὰς ὀνομαζομένας ἀπʼ ἐκείνου Σκειρωνίδας πέτρας· οὗτος γὰρ εἰώθει τοὺς παριόντας ἀναγκάζειν ἀπονίπτειν ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τινος ἀποκρήμνου τόπου, λακτίσματι δʼ ἄφνω τύπτων περιεκύλιε κατὰ τῶν κρημνῶν εἰς θάλατταν κατὰ τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Χελώνην.
But since we have set forth the facts concerning Heracles and his descendants, it will be appropriate in this connexion to speak of Theseus, since he emulated the Labours of Heracles. Theseus, then, was born of Aethra, the daughter of Pittheus, and Poseidon, and was reared in Troezen at the home of Pittheus, his mother’s father, and after he had found and taken up the tokens which, as the myths relate, had been placed by Aegeus beneath a certain rock, he came to Athens. And taking the road along the coast, as men say, since he emulated the high achievements of Heracles, he set about performing Labours which would bring him both approbation and fame. The first, then, whom he slew was he who was called Corynetes, who carried a corynê, as it was called, or club, which was the weapon with which he fought, and with it killed any who passed by, and the second was Sinis who made his home on the Isthmus. Sinis, it should be explained, used to bend over two pines, fasten one arm to each of them, and then suddenly release the pines, the result being that bodies were pulled asunder by the force of the pines and the unfortunate victims met a death of great vengeance. For his third deed he slew the wild sow which had its haunts about Crommyon, a beast which excelled in both ferocity and size and was killing many human beings. Then he punished Sceiron who made his home in the rocks of Megaris which are called after him the Sceironian Rocks. This man, namely, made it his practice to compel those who passed by to wash his feet at a precipitous place, and then, suddenly giving them a kick, he would roll them down the crags into the sea at a place called Chelonê.
ἀνεῖλε δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν Ἐλευσῖνα Κερκυόνα τὸν διαπαλαίοντα τοῖς παριοῦσι καὶ τὸν ἡττηθέντα διαφθείροντα. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὸν ὀνομαζόμενον Προκρούστην ἀπέκτεινε, τὸν οἰκοῦντα ἐν τῷ λεγομένῳ Κορυδαλλῷ τῆς Ἀττικῆς· οὗτος δὲ τοὺς παριόντας ὁδοιπόρους ἠνάγκαζεν ἐπί τινος κλίνης ἀναπίπτειν, καὶ τῶν μὲν μακροτέρων τὰ ὑπερέχοντα μέρη τοῦ σώματος ἀπέκοπτε, τῶν δʼ ἐλαττόνων τοὺς πόδας προέκρουεν, ἀφʼ οὗπερ Προκρούστης ὠνομάσθη.
κατορθώσας δὲ τὰ προειρημένα κατήντησεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας, καὶ τὸν Αἰγέα διὰ τῶν συμβόλων ἀνεγνώρισε. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὸν ἐν Μαραθῶνι ταῦρον, ὃν Ἡρακλῆς τελῶν ἆθλον ἐκ Κρήτης ἀπήγαγεν εἰς Πελοπόννησον, συμπλακεὶς καὶ κρατήσας τοῦ ζῴου ἀπήγαγεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας· τοῦτον δʼ Αἰγεὺς παραλαβὼν ἔθυσεν Ἀπόλλωνι.
And near Eleusis he slew Cercyon, who wrestled with those who passed by and killed whomever he could defeat. After this he put to death Procrustes, as he was called, who dwelt in what was known as Corydallus in Attica; this man compelled the travellers who passed by to lie down upon a bed, and if any were too long for the bed he cut off the parts of their body which protruded, while in the case of such as were too short for it he stretched (prokrouein) their legs, this being the reason why he was given the name Procrustes. After successfully accomplishing the deeds which we have mentioned, Theseus came to Athens and by means of the tokens caused Aegeus to recognize him. Then he grappled with the Marathonian bull which Heracles in the performance of one of his Labours had brought from Crete to the Peloponnesus, and mastering the animal he brought it to Athens; this bull Aegeus received from him and sacrificed to Apollo.
λείπεται δʼ ἡμῖν εἰπεῖν περὶ Μινωταύρου τοῦ ἀναιρεθέντος ὑπὸ Θησέως, ἵνα συντελέσωμεν τὰς τοῦ Θησέως πράξεις. ἀναγκαῖον δʼ ἐστὶ προσαναδραμόντας τοῖς χρόνοις τὰ συμπεπλεγμένα τούτοις διελθεῖν, ἵνα σαφὴς ἡ σύμπασα γένηται διήγησις.
Τέκταμος ὁ Δώρου τοῦ Ἕλληνος τοῦ Δευκαλίωνος εἰς Κρήτην πλεύσας μετὰ Αἰολέων καὶ Πελασγῶν ἐβασίλευσε τῆς νήσου, γήμας δὲ τὴν Κρηθέως θυγατέρα ἐγέννησεν Ἀστέριον. οὗ βασιλεύοντος ἐν Κρήτῃ Ζεύς, ὥς φασιν, Εὐρώπην ἁρπάσας ἐκ Φοινίκης καὶ διακομίσας εἰς Κρήτην ἐπὶ ταύρου, μιγεὶς τρεῖς υἱοὺς ἐγέννησε, Μίνω καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν καὶ Σαρπηδόνα.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὴν Εὐρώπην Ἀστέριος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς Κρήτης ἔγημεν· ἄπαις δʼ ὢν τοὺς τοῦ Διὸς παῖδας υἱοποιησάμενος διαδόχους τῆς βασιλείας ἀπέλιπε. τούτων δὲ Ῥαδάμανθυς μὲν τοῖς Κρησὶν ἐνομοθέτησε, Μίνως δὲ διαδεξάμενος τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ γήμας Ἰτώνην τὴν Λυκτίου Λύκαστον ἐγέννησεν, ὃς διαδεξάμενος τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ γήμας Ἴδην τὴν Κορύβαντος ἐγέννησε Μίνωα τὸν δεύτερον, ὅν τινες Διὸς υἱὸν ἀναγράφουσιν. οὗτος πρῶτος Ἑλλήνων ναυτικὴν δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον συστησάμενος ἐθαλαττοκράτησε.
γήμας δὲ Πασιφάην τὴν Ἡλίου καὶ Κρήτης ἐγέννησε Δευκαλίωνα καὶ Κατρέα καὶ Ἀνδρόγεων καὶ Ἀριάδνην, καὶ ἕτερα τέκνα ἔσχε πλείονα νόθα. τῶν δὲ Μίνωος υἱῶν Ἀνδρόγεως μὲν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας κατήντησε Παναθηναίων συντελουμένων, Αἰγέως βασιλεύοντος, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἀγῶσι νικήσας τοὺς ἀθλητὰς ἅπαντας συνήθης ἐγένετο τοῖς Πάλλαντος παισίν.
ἐνταῦθʼ ὁ μὲν Αἰγεὺς ὑποπτεύσας τὴν Ἀνδρόγεω φιλίαν, μήποθʼ ὁ Μίνως βοηθήσας τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ Πάλλαντος ἀφέληται τὴν ἀρχήν, ἐπεβούλευσε τῷ Ἀνδρόγεῳ. βαδίζοντος οὖν αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰς Θήβας ἐπί τινα θεωρίαν, ἐδολοφόνησεν αὐτὸν διά τινων ἐγχωρίων περὶ Οἰνόην τῆς Ἀττικῆς.
It remains for us now to speak of the Minotaur which was slain by Theseus, in order that we may complete our account of the deeds of Theseus. But we must revert to earlier times and set forth the facts which are interwoven with this performance, in order that the whole narrative may be clear.
Tectamus, the son of Dorus, the son of Hellen, the son of Deucalion, sailed to Crete with Aeolians and Pelasgians and became king of the island, and marrying the daughter of Cretheus he begat Asteirus. And during the time when he was king in Crete Zeus, as they say, carried off Europê from Phoenicia, and carrying her across to Crete upon the back of a bull, he lay with her there and begat three sons, Minos, Rhadamanthys, and Sarpedon. After this Asterius, the king of Crete, took Europê to wife; and since he was without children by her he adopted the sons of Zeus and left them at his death to succeed to the kingdom. As for these children, Rhadamanthys gave the Cretans their laws, and Minos, succeeding to the throne and marrying Itonê, the daughter of Lyctius, begat Lycastus, who in turn succeeded to the supreme power and marrying Idê, the daughter of Corybas, begat the second Minos, who, as some writers record, was the son of Zeus. This Minos was the first Greek to create a powerful naval force and to become master of the sea. And marrying Pasiphaê, the daughter of Helius and Cretê, he begat Deucalion and Catreus and Androgeos and Ariadnê and had other, natural, children more in number than these. As for the sons of Minos, Androgeos came to Athens at the time of the Panathenaic festival, while Aegeus was king, and defeating all the contestants in the games he became a close friend of the sons of Pallas. Thereupon Aegeus, viewing with suspicion the friendship which Androgeos had formed, since he feared that Minos might lend his aid to the sons of Pallas and take from him the supreme power, plotted against the life of Androgeos. Consequently, when the latter was on his way to Thebes in order to attend a festival there, Aegeus caused him to be treacherously slain by certain natives of the region in the neighbourhood of Oenoê in Attica.
Μίνως δὲ πυθόμενος τὴν κατὰ τὸν υἱὸν συμφοράν, ἧκεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας δίκας αἰτῶν τοῦ Ἀνδρόγεω φόνου. οὐδενὸς δʼ αὐτῷ προσέχοντος, πρὸς μὲν Ἀθηναίους πόλεμον συνεστήσατο, ἀρὰς δὲ ἐποιήσατο τῷ Διὶ γενέσθαι κατὰ τὴν πόλιν τῶν Ἀθηναίων αὐχμὸν καὶ λιμόν. ταχὺ δὲ περὶ τὴν Ἀττικὴν καὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα γενομένων αὐχμῶν καὶ φθαρέντων τῶν καρπῶν, συνελθόντες οἱ τῶν πόλεων ἡγεμόνες ἐπηρώτησαν τὸν θεὸν πῶς ἂν δύναιντο τῶν κακῶν ἀπαλλαγῆναι. ὁ δʼ ἔχρησεν ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς πρὸς Αἰακὸν τὸν Διὸς καὶ Αἰγίνης τῆς Ἀσωποῦ θυγατρός, καὶ κελεύειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εὐχὰς ποιήσασθαι.
ὧν πραξάντων τὸ προσταχθέν, ὁ μὲν Αἰακὸς ἐπετέλεσε τὰς εὐχάς, καὶ ὁ αὐχμὸς παρὰ μὲν τοῖς ἄλλοις Ἕλλησιν ἐπαύσατο, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις μόνοις διέμεινεν· οὗ δὴ χάριν ἠναγκάσθησαν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν θεὸν ἐπερωτῆσαι περὶ τῆς τῶν κακῶν ἀπαλλαγῆς. εἶθʼ ὁ μὲν θεὸς ἔχρησεν, ἐὰν τοῦ Ἀνδρόγεω φόνου τῷ Μίνῳ δίκας δῶσιν ἃς ἂν ἐκεῖνος δικάσῃ·
ὑπακουσάντων δὲ τῷ θεῷ τῶν Ἀθηναίων, προσέταξεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Μίνως διδόναι κόρους ἑπτὰ καὶ τὰς ἴσας κόρας διʼ ἐτῶν ἐννέα βορὰν τῷ Μινωταύρῳ ὅσον ἂν χρόνον ζῇ τὸ τέρας. δόντων δʼ αὐτῶν, ἀπηλλάγησαν τῶν κακῶν οἱ κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικήν, καὶ ὁ Μίνως πολεμῶν ἐπαύσατο τὰς Ἀθήνας. διελθόντων δὲ ἐτῶν ἐννέα πάλιν ὁ Μίνως ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Ἀττικὴν μετὰ μεγάλου στόλου, καὶ τοὺς δὶς ἑπτὰ κόρους ἀπαιτήσας ἔλαβε.
Minos, when he learned of the fate which had befallen his son, came to Athens and demanded satisfaction for the murder of Androgeos. And when no one paid any attention to him, he declared war against the Athenians and uttered imprecations to Zeus, calling down drought and famine throughout the state of the Athenians. And when drought quickly prevailed about Attica and Greece and the crops were destroyed, the heads of the communities gathered together and inquired of the god what steps they could take to rid themselves of their present evils. The god made answer to them that they should go to Aeacus, the son of Zeus and Aeginê, the daughter of Asopus, and ask him to off up prayers on their behalf. And when they had done as they had been commanded, among the rest of the Greeks, the drought was broken, but among the Athenians alone it continued; wherefore the Athenians were compelled to make inquiry of the god how they might be rid of their present evils. Thereupon the god made answer that they could do so if they would render to Minos such satisfaction for the murder of Androgeos as he might demand. The Athenians obeyed the order of the god, and Minos commanded them that they should give seven youths and as many maidens every nine years to the Minotaur for him to devour, for as long a time as the monster should live. And when the Athenians gave them, the inhabitants of Attica were rid of their evils and Minos ceased warring on Athens.
At the expiration of nine years Minos came again to Attica accompanied by a great fleet and demanded and received the fourteen young people.
μελλόντων δʼ ἐκπλεῖν τῶν περὶ τὸν Θησέα, ὁ Αἰγεὺς συνέθετο πρὸς τὸν κυβερνήτην , ἐὰν μὲν ὁ Θησεὺς νικήσῃ τὸν Μινώταυρον, καταπλεῖν αὐτοὺς λευκοῖς ἱστίοις, ἐὰν δὲ ἀπόληται, μέλασι, καθάπερ καὶ πρότερον ποιεῖν εἰώθεσαν. καταπλευσάντων δʼ αὐτῶν εἰς Κρήτην Ἀριάδνη μὲν ἡ θυγάτηρ τοῦ Μίνωος ἠράσθη τοῦ Θησέως εὐπρεπείᾳ διαφέροντος, Θησεὺς δʼ εἰς λόγους ἐλθὼν αὐτῇ καὶ ταύτην συνεργὸν λαβών, τόν τε Μινώταυρον ἀπέκτεινε καὶ τὴν ἔξοδον τὴν τοῦ λαβυρίνθου παρʼ αὐτῆς μαθὼν διεσώθη.
ἀνακομιζόμενος δʼ εἰς τὴν πατρίδα καὶ κλέψας τὴν Ἀριάδνην ἔλαθεν ἐκπλεύσας νυκτός, καὶ κατῆρεν εἰς νῆσον τὴν τότε μὲν Δίαν, νῦν δὲ Νάξον προσαγορευομένην. καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον μυθολογοῦσι Διόνυσον ἐπιφανέντα, καὶ διὰ τὸ κάλλος τῆς Ἀριάδνης ἀφελόμενον τοῦ Θησέως τὴν παρθένον, ἔχειν αὐτὴν ὡς γυναῖκα γαμετὴν ἀγαπωμένην διαφερόντως. μετὰ γοῦν τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτῆς διὰ τὴν φιλοστοργίαν ἀθανάτων καταξιῶσαι τιμῶν, καταστερίσαντα τὸν ἐν οὐρανῷ στέφανον Ἀριάδνης.
τοὺς δὲ περὶ τὸν Θησέα φασὶ διὰ τὴν ἁρπαγὴν τῆς κόρης δυσφοροῦντας ἰσχυρῶς, καὶ διὰ τὴν λύπην ἐπιλαθομένους τῆς Αἰγέως παραγγελίας, τοῖς μέλασιν ἱστίοις καταπλεῖν εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν.
Αἰγέα δὲ θεασάμενον τὸν κατάπλουν, καὶ δόξαντα τεθνηκέναι τὸν υἱόν, ἡρωικὴν ἅμα πρᾶξιν καὶ συμφορὰν ἐπιτελέσασθαι· ἀναβάντα γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν, καὶ διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς λύπης προσκόψαντα τῷ ζῆν, ἑαυτὸν κατακρημνίσαι.
Now Theseus was one of those who were to set forth, and Aegeus made the agreement with the captain of the vessel that, if Theseus should overcome the Minotaur, they should sail back with their sails white, but if he died, they should be black, just as they had been accustomed to do on the previous occasion. When they had landed in Crete, Ariadnê, the daughter of Minos, became enamoured of Theseus, who was unusually handsome, and Theseus, after conversing with her and securing her assistance, both slew the Minotaur and got safely away, since he had learned from her the way out of the labyrinth. In making his way back to his native land he carried off Ariadnê and sailed out unobserved during the night, after which he put in at the island which at that time was called Dia, but is now called Naxos.
At this same time, the myths relate, Dionysus showed himself on the island, and because of the beauty of Ariadnê he took the maiden away from Theseus and kept her as his lawful wife, loving her exceedingly. Indeed, after her death he considered her worthy of immortal honours because of the affection he had for her, and placed among the stars of heaven the “Crown of Ariadnê.” But Theseus, they say, being vexed exceedingly because the maiden had been taken from him, and forgetting because of his grief the command of Aegeus, came to port in Attica with the black sails. And of Aegeus, we are told, witnessing the return of the ship and thinking that his son was dead, performed an act which was at the same time heroic and a calamity; for he ascended the acropolis and then, because he was disgusted with life by reason of his excessive grief, cast himself down from the height.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Αἰγέως τελευτὴν Θησεὺς διαδεξάμενος τὴν βασιλείαν ἦρχε τοῦ πλήθους νομίμως καὶ πολλὰ πρὸς αὔξησιν τῆς πατρίδος ἔπραξεν. ἐπιφανέστατον δὲ συνετελέσθη τὸ τοὺς δήμους, ὄντας μικροὺς μὲν τοῖς μεγέθεσι, πολλοὺς δὲ τὸν ἀριθμόν, μεταγαγεῖν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας·
ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτων τῶν χρόνων Ἀθηναῖοι διὰ τὸ βάρος τῆς πόλεως φρονήματος ἐνεπίμπλαντο καὶ τῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἡγεμονίας ὠρέχθησαν. ἡμεῖς δὲ περὶ τούτων ἀρκούντως διεληλυθότες τὰ λειπόμενα τῶν περὶ Θησέα γενομένων ἀναγράψομεν.
After Aegeus had died, Theseus, succeeding to the kingship, ruled over the masses in accordance with the laws and performed many deeds which contributed to the aggrandisement of his native land. The most notable thing which he accomplished was the incorporation of the demes, which were small in size but many in number, into the city of Athens; since from that time on the Athenians were filled with pride by reason of the importance of their state and aspired to the leadership of the Greeks. But for our part, now that we have set forth these facts at sufficient length, we shall record what remains to be said about Theseus.
Δευκαλίων ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν Μίνωος παίδων, δυναστεύων τῆς Κρήτης καὶ ποιησάμενος πρὸς Ἀθηναίους συμμαχίαν, συνῴκισε τὴν ἰδίαν ἀδελφὴν Φαίδραν Θησεῖ. μετὰ δὲ τὸν γάμον Ἱππόλυτον μὲν τὸν ἐκ τῆς Ἀμαζονίδος γενόμενον υἱὸν ἔπεμψεν εἰς Τροιζῆνα τρέφεσθαι παρὰ τοῖς Αἴθρας ἀδελφοῖς, ἐκ δὲ Φαίδρας Ἀκάμαντα καὶ Δημοφῶντα ἐγέννησε.
μικρὸν δʼ ὕστερον Ἱππολύτου ἐπανελθόντος εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας πρὸς τὰ μυστήρια, Φαίδρα διὰ τὸ κάλλος ἐρασθεῖσα αὐτοῦ τότε μὲν ἀπελθόντος εἰς Τροιζῆνα ἱδρύσατο ἱερὸν Ἀφροδίτης παρὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν, ὅθεν ἦν καθορᾶν τὴν Τροιζῆνα, ὕστερον δὲ παρὰ τῷ Πιτθεῖ μετὰ τοῦ Θησέως καταλύσασα ἠξίου τὸν Ἱππόλυτον μιγῆναι αὐτῇ. ἀντειπόντος δʼ ἐκείνου φασὶ τὴν Φαίδραν ἀγανακτῆσαι, καὶ ἐπανελθοῦσαν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας εἰπεῖν τῷ Θησεῖ διότι ἐπεβάλετο Ἱππόλυτος αὐτῇ μιγῆναι.
Θησέως δὲ διστάζοντος περὶ τῆς διαβολῆς, καὶ τὸν Ἱππόλυτον μεταπεμπομένου πρὸς τὸν ἔλεγχον, Φαίδρα μὲν φοβηθεῖσα τὸν ἐξετασμὸν ἀνεκρέμασεν ἑαυτήν, Ἱππόλυτος δʼ ἁρματηλατῶν, ὡς ἤκουσε τὰ περὶ τῆς διαβολῆς, συνεχύθη τὴν ψυχήν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τῶν ἵππων ταραχθέντων καὶ ἐπισπασαμένων αὐτὸν ταῖς ἡνίαις, συνέβη τὸν μὲν δίφρον συντριβῆναι, τὸ δὲ μειράκιον ἐμπλακὲν τοῖς ἱμᾶσιν ἑλκυσθῆναι καὶ τελευτῆσαι.
Deucalion, the eldest of the sons of Minos, while he was ruler of Crete, formed an alliance with the Athenians and united his own sister Phaedra in marriage to Theseus. After the marriage Theseus sent his son Hippolytus, who had been born to him by the Amazon, to Troezen to be reared among the brothers of Aethra, and by Phaedra he begat Acamas and Demophon. A short time after this Hippolytus returned to Athens for the celebration of the mysteries, and Phaedra, becoming enamoured of him because of his beauty, at that time, after he had returned to Troezen, erected a temple of Aphroditê beside the acropolis at the place whence one can look across and see Troezen, but at a later time, when she was stopping together with Theseus at the home of Pittheus, she asked Hippolytus to lie with her. Upon his refusal to do so Phaedra, they say, was vexed, and on her return to Athens she told Theseus that Hippolytus had proposed lying with her. And since Theseus had his doubts about the accusation, he sent for Hippolytus in order to put him to the test, whereupon Phaedra, fearing the result of the examination, hanged herself; as for Hippolytus, who was driving a chariot when he heard of the accusation, he was so distraught in spirit that the horses got out of control and ran away with him, and in the event the chariot was smashed to bits and the youth, becoming entangled in the leathern thongs, was dragged along till he died.
Ἱππόλυτος μὲν οὖν διὰ σωφροσύνην τὸν βίον καταστρέψας παρὰ Τροιζηνίοις ἔτυχεν ἰσοθέων τιμῶν, Θησεὺς δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα καταστασιασθεὶς καὶ φυγὼν ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος ἐπὶ τῆς ξένης ἐτελεύτησεν. οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι μεταμεληθέντες τά τε ὀστᾶ μετήνεγκαν καὶ τιμαῖς ἰσοθέοις ἐτίμησαν αὐτόν, καὶ τέμενος ἄσυλον ἐποίησαν ἐν ταῖς Ἀθήναις τὸ προσαγορευόμενον ἀπʼ ἐκείνου Θησεῖον.
Hippolytus, then, since he had ended his life because of his chastity, received at the hands of the Troezenians honours equal to those offered to the gods, but Theseus, when after these happenings he was overpowered by a rival faction and banished from his native land, met his death on foreign soil. The Athenians, however, repenting of what they had done, brought back his bones and accorded him honours equal to those offered to the gods, and they set aside in Athens a sacred precinct which enjoyed the right of sanctuary and was called after him the Theseum.
ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐπεὶ τὸν περὶ Θησέως λόγον ἀποδεδώκαμεν, ἐν μέρει διέξιμεν περί τε τῆς κατὰ τὴν Ἑλένην ἁρπαγῆς καὶ τῆς μνηστείας Φερσεφόνης ὑπὸ Πειρίθου· αὗται γὰρ αἱ πράξεις συμπεπλεγμέναι ταῖς Θησέως εἰσί. Πειρίθους γὰρ ὁ Ἰξίονος, ἀποθανούσης αὐτοῦ τῆς γυναικὸς Ἱπποδαμείας καὶ καταλιπούσης υἱὸν Πολυποίτην, παρῆλθεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας πρὸς Θησέα.
καταλαβὼν δὲ τετελευτηκυῖαν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ Θησέως Φαίδραν ἔπεισεν αὐτὸν ἁρπάσαι τὴν Λήδας καὶ Διὸς Ἑλένην, δεκαετῆ μὲν τὴν ἡλικίαν οὖσαν, εὐπρεπείᾳ δὲ πασῶν διαφέρουσαν. παραγενόμενοι δʼ εἰς Λακεδαίμονα μετὰ πλειόνων, καὶ καιρὸν εὔθετον λαβόντες, ἥρπασαν τὴν Ἑλένην κοινῇ καὶ ἀπήγαγον εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας.
ἔπειτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμολογίας ἔθεντο διακληρώσασθαι, καὶ τὸν μὲν λαχόντα γῆμαι τὴν Ἑλένην, τῷ δʼ ἑτέρῳ συμπρᾶξαι περὶ ἑτέρας γυναικός, ὑπομένοντα πάντα κίνδυνον. περὶ δὲ τούτων δόντες ἀλλήλοις ὅρκους ἔλαχον, καὶ συνέβη τῷ κλήρῳ λαχεῖν Θησέα. οὗτος μὲν οὖν κύριος κατέστη τῆς παρθένου τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον· τῶν δʼ Ἀθηναίων ἀγανακτούντων ἐπὶ τῷ γεγονότι, φοβηθεὶς ὁ Θησεὺς ὑπεξέθετο τὴν Ἑλένην εἰς Ἄφιδναν, μίαν τῶν Ἀττικῶν πόλεων. παρακατέστησε δʼ αὐτῇ τὴν μητέρα Αἴθραν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων φίλων τοὺς ἀρίστους, φύλακας τῆς παρθένου.
Since we have duly set forth the story of Theseus, we shall discuss in turn the rape of Helen and the wooing of Persephonê by Peirithoüs; for these deeds are interwoven with the affairs of Theseus. Peirithoüs, we are told, the son of Ixion, when his wife Hippodameia died leaving behind her a son Polypoetes, came to visit Theseus at Athens. And finding on his arrival that Phaedra, the wife of Theseus, was dead, he persuaded him to seize and carry off Helen, the daughter of Leda and Zeus, who was only ten years of age, but excelled all women in beauty. When they arrived in Lacedaemon with a number of companions and had found a favourable occasion, they assisted each other in seizing Helen and carrying her off to Athens. Thereupon they agreed among themselves to cast lots, and the one who had drawn the lot was to marry Helen and aid the other in getting another woman as wife, and in so doing to endure any danger. When they had exchanged oaths to this effect they cast lots, and it turned out that by the lot Theseus won her. Theseus, then, got the maiden for his own in the manner we have described; but since the Athenians were displeased at what had taken place, Theseus in fear of them got Helen off safely to Aphidna, one of the cities of Attica. With her he stationed his mother Aethra and the bravest men among his friends to serve as guardians of the maiden.
Πειρίθου δὲ κρίναντος μνηστεῦσαι Φερσεφόνην καὶ παρακαλοῦντος συναποδημῆσαι, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὁ Θησεὺς μετέπειθεν ἀποτρέπων τῆς πράξεως αὐτὸν διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν· τοῦ δὲ Πειρίθου βιαζομένου συνηναγκάσθη διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους ὁ Θησεὺς μετασχεῖν τῆς πράξεως. καὶ πέρας καταβάντων αὐτῶν εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ᾅδου τόπους, συνέβη διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἀμφοτέρους δεθῆναι, καὶ Θησέα μὲν ὕστερον διὰ τὴν Ἡρακλέους χάριν ἀπολυθῆναι, Πειρίθουν δὲ διὰ τὴν ἀσέβειαν ἐν ᾅδου διατελεῖν τιμωρίας αἰωνίου τυγχάνοντα· ἔνιοι δὲ τῶν μυθογράφων φασὶν ἀμφοτέρους μὴ τυχεῖν τοῦ νόστου.
καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον λέγουσι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τῆς Ἑλένης Διοσκόρους στρατεύσαντας ἐπὶ τὴν Ἄφιδναν καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἑλόντας ταύτην μὲν κατασκάψαι, τὴν δʼ Ἑλένην ἀπαγαγεῖν εἰς Λακεδαίμονα παρθένον οὖσαν, καὶ μετʼ αὐτῆς δούλην τὴν μητέρα Θησέως Αἴθραν.
Peirithoüs now decided to seek the hand of Persephonê in marriage, and when he asked Theseus to make the journey with him Theseus at first endeavoured to dissuade him and to turn him away from such a deed as being impious; but since Peirithoüs firmly insisted upon it Theseus was bound by the oaths to join with him in the deed. And when they had at last made their way below to the regions of Hades, it came to pass that because of the impiety of their act they were both put in chains, and although Theseus was later let go by reason of the favour with which Heracles regarded him, Peirithoüs because of the impiety remained in Hades, enduring everlasting punishment; but some writers of myths say that both of them never returned. While this was taking place, they say that Helen’s brothers, the Dioscori, came up in arms against Aphidna, and taking the city razed it to the ground, and that they brought back Helen, who was still a virgin, to Lacedaemon and along with her, to serve as a slave, Aethra, the mother of Theseus.
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