Sophocles · Oedipus Tyrannus Οἰδίπους Τύραννος

Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus 78–150: Prologue (cont.): Creon brings the oracle of Apollo

Creon returns with the answer of Apollo that the land is polluted and that the killers of the former king Laius must be banished or killed for their blood. Oedipus asks how Laius died, and is told that all his companions were killed except one who fled and reported that robbers attacked them. Oedipus promises to start afresh and to avenge Laius, since the killer might turn on him too, and the Priest leads the suppliants away.

Lines 78–150 · 712 words · click a number to copy its link
Ἱερεύς 78ἀλλʼ εἰς καλὸν σύ τʼ εἶπας οἵδε τʼ ἀρτίως Κρέοντα προσστείχοντα σημαίνουσί μοι. Οἰδίπους 80ὦναξ Ἄπολλον, εἰ γὰρ ἐν τύχῃ γέ τῳ σωτῆρι βαίη λαμπρὸς ὥσπερ ὄμματι Ἱερεύς ἀλλʼ εἰκάσαι μέν, ἡδύς· οὐ γὰρ ἂν κάρα πολυστεφὴς ὧδʼ εἷρπε παγκάρπου δάφνης. Οἰδίπους τάχʼ εἰσόμεσθα· ξύμμετρος γὰρ ὡς κλύειν. 85ἄναξ, ἐμὸν κήδευμα, παῖ Μενοικέως, τίνʼ ἡμὶν ἥκεις τοῦ θεοῦ φήμην φέρων; Κρέων ἐσθλήν· λέγω γὰρ καὶ τὰ δύσφορʼ, εἰ τύχοι κατʼ ὀρθὸν ἐξελθόντα, πάντʼ ἂν εὐτυχεῖν. Οἰδίπους ἔστιν δὲ ποῖον τοὔπος; οὔτε γὰρ θρασὺς 90οὔτʼ οὖν προδείσας εἰμὶ τῷ γε νῦν λόγῳ. Κρέων εἰ τῶνδε χρῄζεις πλησιαζόντων κλύειν, ἕτοιμος εἰπεῖν, εἴτε καὶ στείχειν ἔσω. Οἰδίπους ἐς πάντας αὔδα· τῶνδε γὰρ πλέον φέρω τὸ πένθος ἢ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς πέρι. Κρέων 95λέγοιμʼ ἂν οἷʼ ἤκουσα τοῦ θεοῦ πάρα. ἄνωγεν ἡμᾶς Φοῖβος ἐμφανῶς ἄναξ μίασμα χώρας, ὡς τεθραμμένον χθονὶ ἐν τῇδʼ, ἐλαύνειν μηδʼ ἀνήκεστον τρέφειν. Οἰδίπους ποίῳ καθαρμῷ; τίς ὁ τρόπος τῆς ξυμφορᾶς; Κρέων 100ἀνδρηλατοῦντας ἢ φόνῳ φόνον πάλιν λύοντας, ὡς τόδʼ αἷμα χειμάζον πόλιν.

Priest You have spoken opportunely, since at this time these people here indicate that Creon is drawing near.

Oedipus Lord Apollo, may he come to us in the brightness of saving fortune, even as his face is bright!

Priest He seems to bring comfort, since otherwise he would not be coming crowned so thickly with berry-laden bay.

Oedipus We will soon know: he is within hearing-range. Prince, my kinsman, child of Menoeceus, what news have you brought us from the god?

Creon Good news. I tell you that even troubles hard to bear will end in perfect peace if they find the right issue.

Oedipus But what is the oracle? So far, your words neither encourage nor frighten me.

Creon If you want to hear in the presence of these people, I am ready to speak: otherwise we can go inside.

Oedipus Speak to all. The sorrow that I bear for these is more than for my own life.

Creon I will tell you what I heard from the god. Phoebus our lord clearly commands us to drive out the defilement which he said was harbored in this land, and not to nourish it so that it cannot be healed.

Oedipus With what sort of purification? What is the manner of the misfortune?

Creon By banishing the man, or by paying back bloodshed with bloodshed, since it is this blood which brings the tempest on our city.

Οἰδίπους 102ποίου γὰρ ἀνδρὸς τήνδε μηνύει τύχην; Κρέων ἦν ἡμίν, ὦναξ, Λάϊός ποθʼ ἡγεμὼν γῆς τῆσδε, πρὶν σὲ τήνδʼ ἀπευθύνειν πόλιν. Οἰδίπους 105ἔξοιδʼ ἀκούων· οὐ γὰρ εἰσεῖδόν γέ πω. Κρέων τούτου θανόντος νῦν ἐπιστέλλει σαφῶς τοὺς αὐτοέντας χειρὶ τιμωρεῖν τινας. Οἰδίπους οἳ δʼ εἰσὶ ποῦ γῆς; ποῦ τόδʼ εὑρεθήσεται ἴχνος παλαιᾶς δυστέκμαρτον αἰτίας; Κρέων 110ἐν τῇδʼ ἔφασκε γῇ· τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον ἁλωτόν, ἐκφεύγειν δὲ τἀμελούμενον. Οἰδίπους πότερα δʼ ἐν οἴκοις ἢ ʼν ἀγροῖς ὁ Λάϊος ἢ γῆς ἐπʼ ἄλλης τῷδε συμπίπτει φόνῳ; Κρέων θεωρός, ὡς ἔφασκεν, ἐκδημῶν, πάλιν 115πρὸς οἶκον οὐκέθʼ ἵκεθʼ, ὡς ἀπεστάλη. Οἰδίπους οὐδʼ ἄγγελός τις οὐδὲ συμπράκτωρ ὁδοῦ κατεῖδʼ, ὅτου τις ἐκμαθὼν ἐχρήσατʼ ἄν; Κρέων θνῄσκουσι γάρ, πλὴν εἷς τις, ὃς φόβῳ, φυγὼν ὧν εἶδε πλὴν ἓν οὐδὲν εἶχʼ εἰδὼς φράσαι. Οἰδίπους 120τὸ ποῖον; ἓν γὰρ πόλλʼ ἂν ἐξεύροι μαθεῖν, ἀρχὴν βραχεῖαν εἰ λάβοιμεν ἐλπίδος. Κρέων λῃστὰς ἔφασκε συντυχόντας οὐ μιᾷ ῥώμῃ κτανεῖν νιν, ἀλλὰ σὺν πλήθει χερῶν. Οἰδίπους πῶς οὖν ὁ λῃστής, εἴ τι μὴ ξὺν ἀργύρῳ 125ἐπράσσετʼ ἐνθένδʼ, ἐς τόδʼ ἂν τόλμης ἔβη; Κρέων δοκοῦντα ταῦτʼ ἦν· Λαΐου δʼ ὀλωλότος οὐδεὶς ἀρωγὸς ἐν κακοῖς ἐγίγνετο. Οἰδίπους κακὸν δὲ ποῖον ἐμποδών, τυραννίδος οὕτω πεσούσης, εἶργε τοῦτʼ ἐξειδέναι; Κρέων 130ἡ ποικιλῳδὸς Σφὶγξ τὸ πρὸς ποσὶν σκοπεῖν μεθέντας ἡμᾶς τἀφανῆ προσήγετο.

Oedipus And who is the man whose fate he thus reveals?

Creon Laius, my lord, was the leader of our land before you assumed control of this state.

Oedipus I know it well—by hearsay, for I never saw him.

Creon He was slain, and the god now bids us to take vengeance on his murderers, whoever they are.

Oedipus Where on earth are they? Where shall the dim track of this old crime be found?

Creon In this land, the god said. What is sought for can be caught; only that which is not watched escapes.

Oedipus Was it in the house, or in the field, or on foreign soil that Laius met his bloody end?

Creon He left our land, as he said, on a mission to Delphi. And once he had set forth, he never again returned.

Oedipus And was there none to tell? Was there no travelling companion who saw the deed, from whom tidings might have been gained, and used?

Creon All perished, save one who fled in fear, and he could tell with assurance only one thing of all that he saw.

Oedipus And what was that? One thing might hold the clue to many, if we could only get a small beginning for hope.

Creon He said that robbers fell upon them, not one man alone, but with a great force.

Oedipus How then, unless some intrigue had been worked with bribes from here in Thebes, would the robbers have been so bold?

Creon Such things were surmised. But once Laius was slain no avenger arose in the midst of our troubles.

Oedipus But when royalty had fallen in this way, what trouble prevented a full search?

Creon The riddling Sphinx had forced us to let things that were obscure go, and to investigate the pressing trouble.

Οἰδίπους 132ἀλλʼ ἐξ ὑπαρχῆς αὖθις αὔτʼ ἐγὼ φανῶ· ἐπαξίως γὰρ Φοῖβος, ἀξίως δὲ σὺ πρὸ τοῦ θανόντος τήνδʼ ἔθεσθʼ ἐπιστροφήν· 135ὥστʼ ἐνδίκως ὄψεσθε κἀμὲ σύμμαχον γῇ τῇδε τιμωροῦντα τῷ θεῷ θʼ ἅμα. ὑπὲρ γὰρ οὐχὶ τῶν ἀπωτέρω φίλων, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ τοῦτʼ ἀποσκεδῶ μύσος. ὅστις γὰρ ἦν ἐκεῖνον ὁ κτανών, τάχʼ ἂν 140κἄμʼ ἂν τοιαύτῃ χειρὶ τιμωροῦνθʼ ἕλοι. κείνῳ προσαρκῶν οὖν ἐμαυτὸν ὠφελῶ. ἀλλʼ ὡς τάχιστα, παῖδες, ὑμεῖς μὲν βάθρων ἵστασθε, τούσδʼ ἄραντες ἱκτῆρας κλάδους, ἄλλος δὲ Κάδμου λαὸν ὧδʼ ἀθροιζέτω, 145ὡς πᾶν ἐμοῦ δράσοντος· ἢ γὰρ εὐτυχεῖς σὺν τῷ θεῷ φανούμεθʼ ἢ πεπτωκότες. Ἱερεύς ὦ παῖδες, ἱστώμεσθα· τῶνδε γὰρ χάριν καὶ δεῦρʼ ἔβημεν ὧν ὅδʼ ἐξαγγέλλεται. Φοῖβος δʼ ὁ πέμψας τάσδε μαντείας ἅμα 150σωτήρ δʼ ἵκοιτο καὶ νόσου παυστήριος.

Oedipus I will start afresh, and once more make dark things plain. Worthily has Phoebus Apollo—and worthily have you—bestowed this care on behalf of the dead. And so, as is fitting, you will find me allied with you in seeking vengeance for this land, and for the god as well. I will dispel this taint not on behalf of far-off friends, but for my own benefit. For whoever killed Laius might wish to take vengeance on me also with a hand as fierce. Avenging Laius, therefore, I serve myself. Come, my children, as quickly as possible rise from the altar-steps, and lift these suppliant boughs. Let someone summon here Cadmus’ people, warning them that I will leave nothing untried. For with the god’s help our good fortune—or our ruin—will be made certain.

Priest My children, let us rise. What we came to seek, this man promises of his own accord. And may Phoebus, who sent these oracles, come to us as savior and deliverer from the pestilence.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1887). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1912, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Oedipus Tyrannus, Cambridge University Press, 1887 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.