Sophocles · Oedipus Tyrannus Οἰδίπους Τύραννος

Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus 698–770: Third episode: Iocasta and the death of Laius

Iocasta asks Oedipus the reason for his anger, and he tells her that Creon, through the seer, accuses him of the blood of Laius. She tells him not to believe prophets, and says that Laius was told that he would be killed by his son, abandoned the infant to die, and was himself killed by robbers where three roads meet. Oedipus is struck by the place, asks about the time and about the appearance of Laius and his escort, and learns that one servant survived and was sent away to the pastures.

Lines 698–770 · 717 words · click a number to copy its link

Iocasta

698μῆνιν τοσήνδε πράγματος στήσας ἔχεις.

In the name of the gods, tell me, king, the reason that you have conceived this steadfast wrath.

Οἰδίπους 700ἐρῶ· σὲ γὰρ τῶνδʼ ἐς πλέον, γύναι, σέβω· Κρέοντος, οἷά μοι βεβουλευκὼς ἔχει. Ἰοκάστη λέγʼ, εἰ σαφῶς τὸ νεῖκος ἐγκαλῶν ἐρεῖς. Οἰδίπους φονέα με φησὶ Λαΐου καθεστάναι. Ἰοκάστη αὐτὸς ξυνειδὼς ἢ μαθὼν ἄλλου πάρα; Οἰδίπους 705μάντιν μὲν οὖν κακοῦργον εἰσπέμψας, ἐπεὶ τό γʼ εἰς ἑαυτὸν πᾶν ἐλευθεροῖ στόμα. Ἰοκάστη σύ νυν ἀφεὶς σεαυτὸν ὧν λέγεις πέρι ἐμοῦ ʼπάκουσον, καὶ μάθʼ οὕνεκʼ ἐστί σοι βρότειον οὐδὲν μαντικῆς ἔχον τέχνης. 710φανῶ δέ σοι σημεῖα τῶνδε σύντομα. χρησμὸς γὰρ ἦλθε Λαΐῳ ποτʼ, οὐκ ἐρῶ Φοίβου γʼ ἄπʼ αὐτοῦ, τῶν δʼ ὑπηρετῶν ἄπο, ὡς αὐτὸν ἕξοι μοῖρα πρὸς παιδὸς θανεῖν, ὅστις γένοιτʼ ἐμοῦ τε κἀκείνου πάρα. 715καὶ τὸν μέν, ὥσπερ γʼ ἡ φάτις, ξένοι ποτὲ λῃσταὶ φονεύουσʼ ἐν τριπλαῖς ἁμαξιτοῖς· παιδὸς δὲ βλάστας οὐ διέσχον ἡμέραι τρεῖς, καί νιν ἄρθρα κεῖνος ἐνζεύξας ποδοῖν ἔρριψεν ἄλλων χερσὶν ἄβατον εἰς ὄρος. 720κἀνταῦθʼ Ἀπόλλων οὔτʼ ἐκεῖνον ἤνυσεν φονέα γενέσθαι πατρὸς οὔτε Λάϊον τὸ δεινὸν οὑφοβεῖτο πρὸς παιδὸς θανεῖν. τοιαῦτα φῆμαι μαντικαὶ διώρισαν, ὧν ἐντρέπου σὺ μηδέν· ὧν γὰρ ἂν θεὸς 725χρείαν ἐρευνᾷ, ῥᾳδίως αὐτὸς φανεῖ.

Oedipus That I will do, for I honor you, lady, above these men. Creon is the cause, and the plots he has laid against me.

Iocasta Come, tell me how the argument began.

Oedipus He says that I stand guilty of Laius’ blood.

Iocasta On his own knowledge or on hearsay from another?

Oedipus He has made a rascal seer his mouth piece: as for himself, he keeps his lips wholly pure.

Iocasta Then absolve yourself of the things about which you are speaking. Listen to me, and take comfort in learning that nothing of mortal birth shares in the science of the seer. I will give you a pithy proof of this. An oracle came to Laius once—I will not say from Phoebus himself, but from his ministers—saying that he would suffer his doom at the hands of the child to be born to him and me. And Laius—as, at least, the rumor goes—was murdered one day by foreign robbers at a place where the three highways meet. And the child’s birth was not yet three days past, when Laius pinned his ankles together and had him thrown, by others’ hands, on a remote mountain. So, in that case, Apollo did not bring it to pass that the child should become the slayer of his father, or that Laius should suffer that which he feared, death at the hands of his child: thus the messages of the seer’s art had mapped out the future. Pay them no regard. Whatever necessary event the god seeks, he himself will easily bring to light.

Οἰδίπους 726οἷόν μʼ ἀκούσαντʼ ἀρτίως ἔχει, γύναι, ψυχῆς πλάνημα κἀνακίνησις φρενῶν. Ἰοκάστη ποίας μερίμνης τοῦθʼ ὑποστραφεὶς λέγεις; Οἰδίπους ἔδοξʼ ἀκοῦσαι σοῦ τόδʼ, ὡς ὁ Λάϊος 730κατασφαγείη πρὸς τριπλαῖς ἁμαξιτοῖς. Ἰοκάστη ηὐδᾶτο γὰρ ταῦτʼ οὐδέ πω λήξαντʼ ἔχει. Οἰδίπους καὶ ποῦ ʼσθʼ ὁ χῶρος οὗτος οὗ τόδʼ ἦν πάθος; Ἰοκάστη Φωκὶς μὲν ἡ γῆ κλῄζεται, σχιστὴ δʼ ὁδὸς ἐς ταὐτὸ Δελφῶν κἀπὸ Δαυλίας ἄγει. Οἰδίπους 735καὶ τίς χρόνος τοῖσδʼ ἐστὶν οὑξεληλυθώς; Ἰοκάστη σχεδόν τι πρόσθεν ἢ σὺ τῆσδʼ ἔχων χθονὸς ἀρχὴν ἐφαίνου, τοῦτʼ ἐκηρύχθη πόλει. Οἰδίπους ὦ Ζεῦ, τί μου δρᾶσαι βεβούλευσαι πέρι; Ἰοκάστη τί δʼ ἐστί σοι τοῦτʼ, Οἰδίπους, ἐνθύμιον; Οἰδίπους 740μήπω μʼ ἐρώτα· τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίνʼ ἦλθε φράζε, τίνα δʼ ἀκμὴν ἥβης ἔχων. Ἰοκάστη μέγας, χνοάζων ἄρτι λευκανθὲς κάρα, μορφῆς δὲ τῆς σῆς οὐκ ἀπεστάτει πολύ. Οἰδίπους οἴμοι τάλας· ἔοικʼ ἐμαυτὸν εἰς ἀρὰς 745δεινὰς προβάλλων ἀρτίως οὐκ εἰδέναι. Ἰοκάστη πῶς φῄς; ὀκνῶ τοι πρός σʼ ἀποσκοποῦσʼ, ἄναξ. Οἰδίπους δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ· δείξεις δὲ μᾶλλον, ἢν ἓν ἐξείπῃς ἔτι. Ἰοκάστη καὶ μὴν ὀκνῶ μέν, ἃ δʼ ἂν ἔρῃ μαθοῦσʼ ἐρῶ.

Oedipus What restlessness of soul, lady, what tumult has come upon me since I heard you speak!

Iocasta What anxiety has startled you, that you say this?

Oedipus I thought that I heard this from you—that Laius was slain where the three roads meet.

Iocasta Yes, that was the report, and so it is still thought.

Oedipus And where is the place where this occurred?

Iocasta The land is called Phocis; the branching forks lead to the same spot from Delphi and from Daulia.

Oedipus And how much time has passed since these events took place?

Iocasta The news was announced to the town shortly before you first attained power over this land.

Oedipus O Zeus, what have you decreed for me?

Iocasta Why, Oedipus, does this matter weigh upon your heart?

Oedipus Do not ask me yet. Tell me rather what stature Laius had, and how ripe his manhood was.

Iocasta He was tall—the silver just lightly strewn among his hair—and his form was not greatly unlike your own.

Oedipus Unhappy that I am! I think that I have laid myself under a terrible curse without realizing it.

Iocasta How do you mean? I tremble when I look at you, my lord.

Oedipus I have dread fears that the seer can see. But you will reveal the matter better if you tell me one thing more.

Iocasta Indeed, though I tremble, I will hear and answer all that you ask.

Οἰδίπους 750πότερον ἐχώρει βαιὸς ἢ πολλοὺς ἔχων ἄνδρας λοχίτας, οἷʼ ἀνὴρ ἀρχηγέτης; Ἰοκάστη πέντʼ ἦσαν οἱ ξύμπαντες, ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖσιν ἦν . κῆρυξ· ἀπήνη δʼ ἦγε Λάϊον μία. Οἰδίπους αἰαῖ, τάδʼ ἤδη διαφανῆ. τίς ἦν ποτε 755ὁ τούσδε λέξας τοὺς λόγους ὑμῖν, γύναι; Ἰοκάστη οἰκεύς τις, ὅσπερ ἵκετʼ ἐκσωθεὶς μόνος. Οἰδίπους ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών; Ἰοκάστη οὐ δῆτʼ· ἀφʼ οὗ γὰρ κεῖθεν ἦλθε καὶ κράτη σέ τʼ εἶδʼ ἔχοντα Λάϊόν τʼ ὀλωλότα, 760ἐξικέτευσε τῆς ἐμῆς χειρὸς θιγὼν ἀγρούς σφε πέμψαι κἀπὶ ποιμνίων νομάς, ὡς πλεῖστον εἴη τοῦδʼ ἄποπτος ἄστεως. κἄπεμψʼ ἐγώ νιν· ἄξιος γὰρ οἷʼ ἀνὴρ δοῦλος φέρειν ἦν τῆσδε καὶ μείζω χάριν. Οἰδίπους 765πῶς ἂν μόλοι δῆθʼ ἡμὶν ἐν τάχει πάλιν; Ἰοκάστη πάρεστιν· ἀλλὰ πρὸς τί τοῦτʼ ἐφίεσαι; Οἰδίπους δέδοικʼ ἐμαυτόν, ὦ γύναι, μὴ πόλλʼ ἄγαν εἰρημένʼ ᾖ μοι διʼ ἅ νιν εἰσιδεῖν θέλω. Ἰοκάστη ἀλλʼ ἵξεται μέν· ἀξία δέ που μαθεῖν 770κἀγὼ τά γʼ ἐν σοὶ δυσφόρως ἔχοντʼ, ἄναξ.

Oedipus Did he go with a small force, or like a chieftain, with many armed followers?

Iocasta Five they were in all—a herald among them—and there was one carriage which bore Laius.

Oedipus Alas! It is all clear now! Who gave you this information, lady?

Iocasta A servant, the only survivor who returned home.

Oedipus Is he by any chance in the house now?

Iocasta No. Soon after he returned and found you ruling in Laius’ stead, he pled with me, with hand laid on mine, to send him to the fields, to the pastures of the flocks, that he might be far from the sight of this town. And I sent him; he was worthy, for a slave, to win even a larger favor than that.

Oedipus Would, then, that he return to us without delay!

Iocasta That is easy. But why do you enjoin this?

Oedipus I fear, lady, that my words have been rash, and therefore I wish to see him.

Iocasta He will come. But I think that I too have a claim to learn what lies heavy on your heart, my king.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1887). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1912, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Oedipus Tyrannus, Cambridge University Press, 1887 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.