Sophocles · Oedipus Tyrannus Οἰδίπους Τύραννος

Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus 216–299: First episode: Oedipus' proclamation and curse

Oedipus proclaims that anyone who knows who killed Laius must reveal it, and that the killer is to be shut out from every house and from every rite. He lays a curse on the killer and on anyone who shelters him, and on himself if he knowingly does so, and swears to search for the killer as if for his own father. The Chorus say that they do not know the killer and suggest that he consult the seer Teiresias, and they see him arriving.

Lines 216–299 · 851 words · click a number to copy its link

Oedipus

216αἰτεῖς· ἃ δʼ αἰτεῖς, τἄμʼ ἐὰν θέλῃς ἔπη κλύων δέχεσθαι τῇ νόσῳ θʼ ὑπηρετεῖν, ἀλκὴν λάβοις ἂν κἀνακούφισιν κακῶν· ἁγὼ ξένος μὲν τοῦ λόγου τοῦδʼ ἐξερῶ, 220ξένος δὲ τοῦ πραχθέντος· οὐ γὰρ ἂν μακρὰν ἴχνευον αὐτός, μὴ οὐκ ἔχων τι σύμβολον, νῦν δʼ ὕστερος γὰρ ἀστὸς εἰς ἀστοὺς τελῶ, ὑμῖν προφωνῶ πᾶσι Καδμείοις τάδε· ὅστις ποθʼ ὑμῶν Λάϊον τὸν Λαβδάκου 225κάτοιδεν ἀνδρὸς ἐκ τίνος διώλετο, τοῦτον κελεύω πάντα σημαίνειν ἐμοί· κεἰ μὲν φοβεῖται, τοὐπίκλημʼ ὑπεξελεῖν αὐτὸν καθʼ αὑτοῦ· πείσεται γὰρ ἄλλο μὲν ἀστεργὲς οὐδέν. γῆς δʼ ἄπεισιν ἀσφαλής. 230εἰ δʼ αὖ τις ἄλλον οἶδεν ἐξ ἄλλης χθονὸς τὸν αὐτόχειρα, μὴ σιωπάτω· τὸ γὰρ κέρδος τελῶ ʼγὼ χἠ χάρις προσκείσεται. εἰ δʼ αὖ σιωπήσεσθε, καί τις ἢ φίλου δείσας ἀπώσει τοὔπος ἢ χαὐτοῦ τόδε, 235ἃκ τῶνδε δράσω, ταῦτα χρὴ κλύειν ἐμοῦ. τὸν ἄνδρʼ ἀπαυδῶ τοῦτον, ὅστις ἐστί, γῆς τῆσδʼ, ἧς ἐγὼ κράτη τε καὶ θρόνους νέμω, μήτʼ εἰσδέχεσθαι μήτε προσφωνεῖν τινα, μήτʼ ἐν θεῶν εὐχαῖσι μήτε θύμασιν 240κοινὸν ποεῖσθαι, μήτε χέρνιβας νέμειν· ὠθεῖν δʼ ἀπʼ οἴκων πάντας, ὡς μιάσματος τοῦδʼ ἡμὶν ὄντος, ὡς τὸ Πυθικὸν θεοῦ μαντεῖον ἐξέφηνεν ἀρτίως ἐμοί. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν τοιόσδε τῷ τε δαίμονι 245τῷ τʼ ἀνδρὶ τῷ θανόντι σύμμαχος πέλω· κατεύχομαι δὲ τὸν δεδρακότʼ, εἴτε τις εἷς ὢν λέληθεν εἴτε πλειόνων μέτα, κακὸν κακῶς νιν ἄμορον ἐκτρῖψαι βίον· ἐπεύχομαι δʼ, οἴκοισιν εἰ ξυνέστιος 250ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς γένοιτʼ ἐμοῦ συνειδότος, παθεῖν ἅπερ τοῖσδʼ ἀρτίως ἠρασάμην. ὑμῖν δὲ ταῦτα πάντʼ ἐπισκήπτω τελεῖν, ὑπέρ τʼ ἐμαυτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τε τῆσδέ τε γῆς ὧδʼ ἀκάρπως κἀθέως ἐφθαρμένης.

You pray. And in answer to your prayer, if you will give a loyal reception to my words and minister to your own disease, you may hope to find help and relief from woes. These words I will speak publicly, as one who was a stranger to the report, a stranger to the deed. I would not go far on the trail if I were tracing it alone, without a clue. But as it is—since it was only after the event that I was counted a Theban among Thebans—to you, Cadmeans all, I do thus proclaim: Whoever knows by whom Laius son of Labdacus was slain, I order him to declare all to me. And if he is afraid, I order him to remove the danger of indictment from his path by denouncing himself: he will suffer no other punishment, but will only leave this land, unhurt. If anyone knows the assassin to be an alien, from another land, let him not keep silent. I will reward him, and my thanks shall rest with him besides. But if he keeps silent, if anyone, through fear, seeks to screen himself or a friend from my orders, then hear what I shall do: I charge you that no resident of this land, which I rule, give shelter to or address that murderer, whoever he is, or make him a partner in prayer or sacrifice, or give him a share of the lustral rite. Ban him from your houses, all of you, knowing that this is the defilement, as the oracle of the Pythian god has recently shown to me. In this way I am an ally both to the god and to the dead man. And I pray solemnly that the slayer, whoever he is, whether he alone is guilty or he has partners, may, in the horrible way he deserves, wear out his unblest life. And for myself I pray that if he should, with my knowledge, become a resident of my house, I may suffer the same things which I have just called down on others. And I order you to make all these words good, for my sake, for the sake of the god, and for the sake of our land, thus rendered unfruitful and ungodly.

Oedipus

255οὐδʼ εἰ γὰρ ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, ἀνδρός γʼ ἀρίστου βασιλέως τʼ ὀλωλότος, ἀλλʼ ἐξερευνᾶν· νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ κυρῶ γʼ ἐγὼ ἔχων μὲν ἀρχὰς ἃς ἐκεῖνος εἶχε πρίν, 260ἔχων δὲ λέκτρα καὶ γυναῖχʼ ὁμόσπορον, κοινῶν τε παίδων κοίνʼ ἄν, εἰ κείνῳ γένος μὴ ʼδυστύχησεν, ἦν ἂν ἐκπεφυκότα· νῦν δʼ ἐς τὸ κείνου κρᾶτʼ ἐνήλαθʼ ἡ τύχη· ἀνθʼ ὧν ἐγὼ τάδʼ, ὡσπερεὶ τοὐμοῦ πατρός, 265ὑπερμαχοῦμαι κἀπὶ πᾶν ἀφίξομαι, ζητῶν τὸν αὐτόχειρα τοῦ φόνου λαβεῖν, τῷ Λαβδακείῳ παιδὶ Πολυδώρου τε καὶ τοῦ πρόσθε Κάδμου τοῦ πάλαι τʼ Ἀγήνορος. καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς μὴ δρῶσιν εὔχομαι θεοὺς 270μήτʼ ἄροτον αὐτοῖς γῆς ἀνιέναι τινὰ μήτʼ οὖν γυναικῶν παῖδας, ἀλλὰ τῷ πότμῳ τῷ νῦν φθερεῖσθαι κἄτι τοῦδʼ ἐχθίονι· ὑμῖν δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοισι Καδμείοις, ὅσοις τάδʼ ἔστʼ ἀρέσκονθʼ, ἥ τε σύμμαχος Δίκη 275χοἰ πάντες εὖ ξυνεῖεν εἰσαεὶ θεοί.

For even if the matter had not been urged upon us by a god, it still would not have been fit that you should leave the guilt unpunished as it is, when one so noble—and he your king—had perished. You should have searched it out. But now, since I hold the powers which he once held, possessing his bed and the wife who bore his children, and since, had his hope of offspring not been unsuccessful, children born of one mother would have tied us with a common bond—as it was, fate swooped upon his head—I will uphold this cause, as though it were that of my own father, and will leave no stone unturned in my search for the one who shed the blood, for the honor of the son of Labdacus and of Polydorus and the elder Cadmus and Agenor of old. And for those who do not obey me, I pray that the gods send them neither harvest of the earth nor fruit of the womb, but that they perish with the present fate, or one still worse. But to all you, the loyal Cadmeans who are satisfied by these things, may justice, our ally, and all the gods be gracious always.

Χορός 276ὥσπερ μʼ ἀραῖον ἔλαβες, ὧδʼ, ἄναξ, ἐρῶ. οὔτʼ ἔκτανον γὰρ οὔτε τὸν κτανόντʼ ἔχω δεῖξαι. τὸ δὲ ζήτημα τοῦ πέμψαντος ἦν Φοίβου τόδʼ εἰπεῖν, ὅστις εἴργασταί ποτε. Οἰδίπους 280δίκαιʼ ἔλεξας· ἀλλʼ ἀναγκάσαι θεοὺς ἃν μὴ θέλωσιν οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς δύναιτʼ ἀνήρ. Χορός τὰ δεύτερʼ ἐκ τῶνδʼ ἂν λέγοιμʼ ἁμοὶ δοκεῖ. Οἰδίπους εἰ καὶ τρίτʼ ἐστί, μὴ παρῇς τὸ μὴ οὐ φράσαι. Χορός ἄνακτʼ ἄνακτι ταὔθʼ ὁρῶντʼ ἐπίσταμαι 285μάλιστα Φοίβῳ Τειρεσίαν, παρʼ οὗ τις ἂν σκοπῶν τάδʼ, ὦναξ, ἐκμάθοι σαφέστατα. Οἰδίπους ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐν ἀργοῖς οὐδὲ τοῦτʼ ἐπραξάμην. ἔπεμψα γὰρ Κρέοντος εἰπόντος διπλοῦς πομπούς· πάλαι δὲ μὴ παρῶν θαυμάζεται. Χορός 290καὶ μὴν τά γʼ ἄλλα κωφὰ καὶ παλαίʼ ἔπη. Οἰδίπους τὰ ποῖα ταῦτα; πάντα γὰρ σκοπῶ λόγον. Χορός θανεῖν ἐλέχθη πρός τινων ὁδοιπόρων. Οἰδίπους ἤκουσα κἀγώ. τὸν δʼ ἰδόντʼ οὐδεὶς ὁρᾷ. Χορός ἀλλʼ εἴ τι μὲν δὴ δείματός γʼ ἔχει μέρος, 295τὰς σὰς ἀκούων οὐ μενεῖ τοιάσδʼ ἀράς, Οἰδίπους ᾧ μή ʼστι δρῶντι τάρβος, οὐδʼ ἔπος φοβεῖ. Χορός ἀλλʼ οὑξελέγξων αὐτὸν ἔστιν· οἵδε γὰρ τὸν θεῖον ἤδη μάντιν ὧδʼ ἄγουσιν, ᾧ τἀληθὲς ἐμπέφυκεν ἀνθρώπων μόνῳ.

Chorus As you have put me under oath, on my oath, my king, I will speak. I am not the slayer, nor can I reveal him. As for the investigation, it was for Phoebus, who enjoined it, to tell us who did the deed.

Oedipus Justly said. But no man on earth can force the gods to do what they do not want.

Chorus I would like to say what seems to me the next best course.

Oedipus And if there is a third course, do not hesitate to reveal it too.

Chorus I know that our lord Teiresias is the seer most like our lord Apollo: from him, my king, an investigator might learn most clearly about these affairs.

Oedipus Not even this have I neglected. On Creon’s suggestion, I sent a man twice to bring him. And I have been wondering for some time why he is not here.

Chorus Indeed—his skill apart—the rumors are but faint and old.

Oedipus What are the rumors? I am investigating every tale.

Chorus He was said to have been killed by some wayfarers.

Oedipus I too have heard that. But no one sees the one who saw it.

Chorus If he knows what fear is, he will not hesitate to come forward when he hears your curses, so dire are they.

Oedipus When a man does not shrink from a deed, he is not scared by a word.

Chorus But there is one to convict him. But here they bring at last the godlike prophet, the only man in whom truth lives.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1887). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1912, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Oedipus Tyrannus, Cambridge University Press, 1887 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.