Sophocles · Oedipus at Colonus Οἰδίπους ἐπὶ Κολωνῷ

Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1–83: Prologue: Oedipus and Antigone arrive at the sacred grove

The blind Oedipus asks Antigone where they have come, and she describes the towers of a city far off and a grove thick with laurel, olive and vine, where nightingales sing. She seats him on a rough stone, and a stranger comes and tells him to leave, for the ground is sacred to the dread goddesses, the Eumenides. The stranger tells them that the place is called Colonus and that Theseus is king of Athens, and says that he will tell the people of the district, who will decide whether they may stay.

Lines 1–83 · 798 words · click a number to copy its link
Οἰδίπους 1τέκνον τυφλοῦ γέροντος Ἀντιγόνη, τίνας χώρους ἀφίγμεθʼ ἢ τίνων ἀνδρῶν πόλιν; τίς τὸν πλανήτην Οἰδίπουν καθʼ ἡμέραν τὴν νῦν σπανιστοῖς δέξεται δωρήμασιν; 5σμικρὸν μὲν ἐξαιτοῦντα, τοῦ σμικροῦ δʼ ἔτι μεῖον φέροντα, καὶ τόδʼ ἐξαρκοῦν ἐμοί· στέργειν γὰρ αἱ πάθαι με χὠ χρόνος ξυνὼν μακρὸς διδάσκει καὶ τὸ γενναῖον τρίτον. ἀλλʼ, ὦ τέκνον, θάκησιν εἴ τινα βλέπεις 10ἢ πρὸς βεβήλοις ἢ πρὸς ἄλσεσιν θεῶν, στῆσόν με κἀξίδρυσον, ὡς πυθώμεθα ὅπου ποτʼ ἐσμέν· μανθάνειν γὰρ ἥκομεν ξένοι πρὸς ἀστῶν, ἃν δʼ ἀκούσωμεν τελεῖν. Ἀντιγόνη πάτερ ταλαίπωρʼ Οἰδίπους, πύργοι μέν, οἳ 15πόλιν στέγουσιν, ὡς ἀπʼ ὀμμάτων, πρόσω· χῶρος δʼ ὅδʼ ἱερός, ὡς ἀπεικάσαι, βρύων δάφνης, ἐλαίας, ἀμπέλου· πυκνόπτεροι δʼ εἴσω κατʼ αὐτὸν εὐστομοῦσʼ ἀηδόνες· οὗ κῶλα κάμψον τοῦδʼ ἐπʼ ἀξέστου πέτρου· 20μακρὰν γὰρ ὡς γέροντι προὐστάλης ὁδόν. Οἰδίπους κάθιζέ νύν με καὶ φύλασσε τὸν τυφλόν. Ἀντιγόνη χρόνου μὲν οὕνεκʼ οὐ μαθεῖν με δεῖ τόδε. Οἰδίπους ἔχεις διδάξαι δή μʼ ὅποι καθέσταμεν; Ἀντιγόνη τὰς γοῦν Ἀθήνας οἶδα, τὸν δὲ χῶρον οὔ. Οἰδίπους 25πᾶς γάρ τις ηὔδα τοῦτό γʼ ἡμὶν ἐμπόρων. Ἀντιγόνη ἀλλʼ ὅστις ὁ τόπος ἦ μάθω μολοῦσά ποι; Οἰδίπους ναί, τέκνον, εἴπερ ἐστί γʼ ἐξοικήσιμος. Ἀντιγόνη ἀλλʼ ἐστὶ μὴν οἰκητός· οἴομαι δὲ δεῖν οὐδέν· πέλας γὰρ ἄνδρα τόνδε νῷν ὁρῶ. Οἰδίπους 30ἦ δεῦρο προσστείχοντα κἀξορμώμενον; Ἀντιγόνη καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα· χὤ τί σοι λέγειν εὔκαιρόν ἐστιν, ἔννεφʼ, ὡς ἀνὴρ ὅδε.

Oedipus Child of a blind old man, Antigone, to what region have we come, or to what city of men? Who will entertain the wandering Oedipus today with scanty gifts? Little do I crave, and obtain still less than that little, and with that I am content. For patience is the lesson of suffering, and of the long years upon me, and lastly of a noble mind. My child, if you see any resting-place, either on profane ground or by groves of the gods, stop me and set me down, so that we may inquire where we are. We have come to learn as foreigners from the townsmen, and to bring to completion whatever we hear.

Antigone Father, toil-worn Oedipus, the towers that ring the city, to judge by sight, are far off; and this place is sacred, to judge from its appearance: laurel, olive, and vine grow thick-set; and a feathered crowd of nightingales makes music within. So sit here on this unshaped stone; you have travelled a long way for an old man.

Oedipus Seat me, then, and watch over the blind.

Antigone If time can teach, I need not learn that.

Oedipus Can you tell me, now, where we have arrived?

Antigone Athens I know, but not this place.

Oedipus Yes, so much every traveller told us.

Antigone Well, shall I go and learn what the spot is called?

Oedipus Yes, child, if indeed it is inhabited.

Antigone It surely is inhabited. But I think there is no need—I see a man nearby.

Oedipus Setting off and coming toward us?

Antigone He is at our side already. Speak whatever seems timely to you, for the man is here.

Οἰδίπους 33ὦ ξεῖνʼ, ἀκούων τῆσδε τῆς ὑπέρ τʼ ἐμοῦ αὑτῆς θʼ ὁρώσης, οὕνεχʼ ἡμὶν αἴσιος 35σκοπὸς προσήκεις ὧν ἀδηλοῦμεν φράσαι— Ξένος πρὶν νῦν τὰ πλείονʼ ἱστορεῖν, ἐκ τῆσδʼ ἕδρας ἔξελθʼ· ἔχεις γὰρ χῶρον οὐχ ἁγνὸν πατεῖν. Οἰδίπους τίς δʼ ἔσθʼ ὁ χῶρος; τοῦ θεῶν νομίζεται; Ξένος ἄθικτος οὐδʼ οἰκητός· αἱ γὰρ ἔμφοβοι 40θεαί σφʼ ἔχουσι, Γῆς τε καὶ Σκότου κόραι. Οἰδίπους τίνων τὸ σεμνὸν ὄνομʼ ἂν εὐξαίμην κλύων; Ξένος τὰς πάνθʼ ὁρώσας Εὐμενίδας ὅ γʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἂν εἴποι λεώς νιν· ἄλλα δʼ ἀλλαχοῦ καλά. Οἰδίπους ἀλλʼ ἵλεῳ μὲν τὸν ἱκέτην δεξαίατο· 45ὡς οὐχ ἕδρας γῆς τῆσδʼ ἂν ἐξέλθοιμʼ ἔτι. Ξένος τί δʼ ἐστὶ τοῦτο; Οἰδίπους ξυμφορᾶς ξύνθημʼ ἐμῆς. Ξένος ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἐμοί τοι τοὐξανιστάναι πόλεως δίχʼ ἐστὶ θάρσος, πρίν γʼ ἂν ἐνδείξω τί δρῶ. Οἰδίπους πρός νυν θεῶν, ὦ ξεῖνε, μή μʼ ἀτιμάσῃς, 50τοιόνδʼ ἀλήτην, ὧν σε προστρέπω φράσαι. Ξένος σήμαινε, κοὐκʼ ἄτιμος ἔκ γʼ ἐμοῦ φανεῖ. Οἰδίπους τίς ἔσθʼ ὁ χῶρος δῆτʼ, ἐν ᾧ βεβήκαμεν; Ξένος ὅσʼ οἶδα κἀγὼ πάντʼ ἐπιστήσει κλύων· χῶρος μὲν ἱερὸς πᾶς ὅδʼ ἔστʼ· ἔχει δέ νιν 55σεμνὸς Ποσειδῶν· ἐν δʼ ὁ πυρφόρος θεὸς Τιτὰν Προμηθεύς· ὃν δʼ ἐπιστείβεις τόπον, χθονὸς καλεῖται τῆσδε χαλκόπους ὀδός, ἔρεισμʼ Ἀθηνῶν· οἱ δὲ πλησίοι γύαι τόνδʼ ἱππότην Κολωνὸν εὔχονται σφίσιν 60ἀρχηγὸν εἶναι καὶ φέρουσι τοὔνομα τὸ τοῦδε κοινὸν πάντες ὠνομασμένοι. τοιαῦτά σοι ταῦτʼ ἐστίν, ὦ ξένʼ, οὐ λόγοις τιμώμενʼ, ἀλλὰ τῇ ξυνουσίᾳ πλέον. Οἰδίπους ἦ γάρ τινες ναίουσι τούσδε τοὺς τόπους; Ξένος 65καὶ κάρτα, τοῦδε τοῦ θεοῦ γʼ ἐπώνυμοι. Οἰδίπους ἄρχει τις αὐτῶν ἢ ʼπὶ τῷ πλήθει λόγος; Ξένος ἐκ τοῦ κατʼ ἄστυ βασιλέως τάδʼ ἄρχεται. Οἰδίπους οὗτος δὲ τίς λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει κρατεῖ; Ξένος Θησεὺς καλεῖται, τοῦ πρὶν Αἰγέως τόκος. Οἰδίπους 70ἆρʼ ἄν τις αὐτῷ πομπὸς ἐξ ὑμῶν μόλοι; Ξένος ὡς πρὸς τί λέξων ἢ καταρτύσων μολεῖν; Οἰδίπους ὡς ἂν προσαρκῶν σμικρὰ κερδάνῃ μέγα. Ξένος καὶ τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; Οἰδίπους ὅσʼ ἂν λέγωμεν πάνθʼ ὁρῶντα λέξομεν.

Oedipus Stranger, hearing from this maiden, who has sight both for herself and for me, that you have arrived as a scout of good fortune for the solving of our doubts—

Stranger Now, before you question me at length, leave this seat. You occupy ground which is unholy to tread upon.

Oedipus And what is this ground? To which of the gods is it sacred?

Stranger Ground inviolable, on which no one may dwell. The dread goddesses hold it, the daughters of Earth and Darkness.

Oedipus Who are they? Whose awful name might I hear and invoke in prayer?

Stranger The all-seeing Eumenides the people here would call them: but other names please elsewhere.

Oedipus Then graciously may they receive their suppliant! Nevermore will I depart from my seat in this land.

Stranger What does this mean?

Oedipus The watchword of my fate.

Stranger I dare not remove you without warrant from the city, until I report what I am doing.

Oedipus Now by the gods, stranger, do not deny me, hapless wanderer as you see, the honor of the knowledge for which I beg you.

Stranger Tell me, and you will not be without honor from me.

Oedipus What, then, is the place that we have entered?

Stranger All that I myself know, you will hear and learn. This whole place is sacred; august Poseidon holds it, and in it lives the fire-bearing god, the Titan Prometheus. But as for the spot on which you tread, it is called the bronze threshold of this land, the support of Athens. And the neighboring fields claim Colonus, the horse-rider, for their ancient ruler; and all the people bear his name in common as their own. Such, you see, stranger, are these haunts. They receive their honor not through story, but rather through our living with them.

Oedipus Are there indeed dwellers in this region?

Stranger Yes indeed, the namesakes of that god there.

Oedipus Have they a king? Or does speaking rest with the masses?

Stranger These parts are ruled by the king in the city.

Oedipus And who is he that is sovereign in counsel and in might?

Stranger Theseus he is called, son of Aegeus who was before him.

Oedipus Could a messenger go to him from among you?

Stranger With what aim? To speak, or to prepare his coming?

Oedipus So that by a small service he may find a great gain.

Stranger And what help can come from one who cannot see?

Oedipus In all that I speak there will be vision.

Ξένος 75οἶσθʼ, ὦ ξένʼ, ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; ἐπείπερ εἰ γενναῖος, ὡς ἰδόντι, πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος, αὐτοῦ μένʼ οὗπερ κἀφάνης, ἕως ἐγὼ τοῖς ἐνθάδʼ αὐτοῦ μὴ κατʼ ἄστυ δημόταις λέξω τάδʼ ἐλθών· οἵδε γὰρ κρινοῦσί σοι 80εἰ χρή σε μίμνειν ἢ πορεύεσθαι πάλιν. Οἰδίπους ὦ τέκνον, ἦ βέβηκεν ἡμὶν ὁ ξένος; Ἀντιγόνη βέβηκεν, ὥστε πᾶν ἐν ἡσύχῳ, πάτερ, ἔξεστι φωνεῖν, ὡς ἐμοῦ μόνης πέλας.

Stranger Take care now, stranger, that you come to no harm; for you are noble, if I may judge by your looks, leaving your ill-fortune aside. Stay here, where I found you, until I go and tell these things to the people of this district—not in the city. They will decide for you whether you should stay or go back.

Oedipus My child, has the stranger left us?

Antigone He is gone, and so you can speak what you wish, father, fully at ease, knowing that I alone am near.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1889). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1912, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Oedipus at Colonus, Cambridge University Press, 1889 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.