Sophocles · Oedipus at Colonus Οἰδίπους ἐπὶ Κολωνῷ

Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1500–1555: Sixth episode: Oedipus tells Theseus the secret of his burial

Theseus comes, and Oedipus says that his hour has come and that he wishes to repay Theseus' kindness by showing him the place of his death. He tells Theseus that the place will be a defence for Athens against Thebes, and that he must reveal it to no one but his eldest son, and so on in each generation. Oedipus then sets out to the place, leading Theseus and his daughters himself, and says farewell to the light.

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Θησεύς 1500τίς αὖ παρʼ ὑμῶν κοινὸς ἠχεῖται κτύπος, σαφὴς μὲν ἀστῶν, ἐμφανὴς δὲ τοῦ ξένου; μή τις Διὸς κεραυνὸς ἤ τις ὀμβρία χάλαζʼ ἐπιρράξασα; πάντα γὰρ θεοῦ τοιαῦτα χειμάζοντος εἰκάσαι πάρα. Οἰδίπους 1505ἄναξ, ποθοῦντι προυφάνης, καί σοι θεῶν τύχην τις ἐσθλὴν τῆσδʼ ἔθηκε τῆς ὁδοῦ. Θησεύς τί δʼ ἐστίν, ὦ παῖ Λαΐου, νέορτον αὖ; Οἰδίπους ῥοπὴ βίου μοι· καί σʼ ἅπερ ξυνῄνεσα θέλω πόλιν τε τήνδε μὴ ψεύσας θανεῖν. Θησεύς 1510τῷ δʼ ἐκπέπεισαι τοῦ μόρου τεκμηρίῳ; Οἰδίπους αὐτοὶ θεοὶ κήρυκες ἀγγέλλουσί μοι, ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων. Θησεύς πῶς εἶπας, ὦ γεραιέ, δηλοῦσθαι τάδε; Οἰδίπους αἱ πολλὰ βρονταὶ διατελεῖς τὰ πολλά τε 1515στράψαντα χειρὸς τῆς ἀνικήτου βέλη. Θησεύς πείθεις με· πολλὰ γάρ σε θεσπίζονθʼ ὁρῶ κοὐ ψευδόφημα· χὤ τι χρὴ ποιεῖν λέγε. Οἰδίπους ἐγὼ διδάξω, τέκνον Αἰγέως, ἅ σοι γήρως ἄλυπα τῇδε κείσεται πόλει. 1520χῶρον μὲν αὐτὸς αὐτίκʼ ἐξηγήσομαι, ἄθικτος ἡγητῆρος, οὗ με χρὴ θανεῖν. τοῦτον δὲ φράζε μή ποτʼ ἀνθρώπων τινί, μήθʼ οὗ κέκευθε μήτʼ ἐν οἷς κεῖται τόποις· ὥς σοι πρὸ πολλῶν ἀσπίδων ἀλκὴν ὅδε 1525δορός τʼ ἐπακτοῦ γειτονῶν ἀεὶ τιθῇ. ἃ δʼ ἐξάγιστα μηδὲ κινεῖται λόγῳ, αὐτὸς μαθήσει, κεῖσʼ ὅταν μόλῃς μόνος· ὡς οὔτʼ ἂν ἀστῶν τῶνδʼ ἂν ἐξείποιμί τῳ οὔτʼ ἂν τέκνοισι τοῖς ἐμοῖς, στέργων ὅμως. 1530ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς αἰεὶ σῷζε, χὤταν εἰς τέλος τοῦ ζῆν ἀφικνῇ, τῷ προφερτάτῳ μόνῳ σήμαινʼ, ὁ δʼ αἰεὶ τὠπιόντι δεικνύτω. χοὔτως ἀδῇον τήνδʼ ἐνοικήσεις πόλιν σπαρτῶν ἀπʼ ἀνδρῶν· αἱ δὲ μυρίαι πόλεις, 1535κἂν εὖ τις οἰκῇ, ῥᾳδίως καθύβρισαν. θεοὶ γὰρ εὖ μέν, ὀψὲ δʼ εἰσορῶσʼ, ὅταν τὰ θεῖʼ ἀφείς τις εἰς τὸ μαίνεσθαι τραπῇ· ὃ μὴ σύ, τέκνον Αἰγέως, βούλου παθεῖν. τὰ μὲν τοιαῦτʼ οὖν εἰδότʼ ἐκδιδάσκομεν. 1540χῶρον δʼ, ἐπείγει γάρ με τοὐκ θεοῦ παρόν, στείχωμεν ἤδη μηδʼ ἔτʼ ἐντρεπώμεθα. ὦ παῖδες, ὧδʼ ἕπεσθʼ· ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡγεμὼν σφῷν αὖ πέφασμαι καινός, ὥσπερ σφὼ πατρί. χωρεῖτε καὶ μὴ ψαύετʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐᾶτέ με 1545αὐτὸν τὸν ἱερὸν τύμβον ἐξευρεῖν, ἵνα μοῖρʼ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε τῇδε κρυφθῆναι χθονί. τῇδʼ ὧδε, τῇδε βᾶτε· τῇδε γάρ μʼ ἄγει Ἑρμῆς ὁ πομπὸς ἥ τε νερτέρα θεός. ὦ φῶς ἀφεγγές, πρόσθε πού ποτʼ ἦσθʼ ἐμόν, 1550νῦν δʼ ἔσχατόν σου τοὐμὸν ἅπτεται δέμας. ἤδη γὰρ ἕρπω τὸν τελευταῖον βίον κρύψων παρʼ Ἅιδην. ἀλλά, φίλτατε ξένων, αὐτός τε χώρα θʼ ἥδε πρόσπολοί τε σοὶ εὐδαίμονες γένοισθε, κἀπʼ εὐπραξίᾳ 1555μέμνησθέ μου θανόντος εὐτυχεῖς ἀεί.

Theseus What din is this that once more rings forth from you all, from my people as clearly as from the stranger? Can a thunderbolt from Zeus be the cause, or rushing hail in its fierce onset? When the god sends such a storm, forebodings of every sort may find a place.

Oedipus Lord, you have appeared at my desire, and to you some god granted noble fortune at this coming.

Theseus And what new thing has now occurred, son of Laius?

Oedipus My life hangs in the balance; and I wish to die without cheating you and this city of the promises I made.

Theseus And what is the proof of your fate that you depend on?

Oedipus The gods themselves herald the news to me, nor do they cheat me of any of the appointed signs.

Theseus What makes these things clear? Tell me, old man.

Oedipus The thunder, crash after crash; the lightning, flash after flash, hurled from the unconquered hand.

Theseus I am persuaded, for in much I find you a prophet whose voice is not false. Then say what must be done.

Oedipus I will expound myself, son of Aegeus, the treasures which will be laid up for this city, such as age can never hurt. Immediately, with no hand to guide me, I will lead to the place where I must die. But as to that place, never reveal it to another man, neither where it is hidden, nor in what region it lies, so that it may be an eternal defence for you, better than many shields, better than the spear of neighbors which brings relief. But as for mysteries which speech may not profane, you will learn them yourself when you come to that place alone, since I cannot declare them either to any of these people, or even to my own children, though I love them. Reserve them always to yourself, and when you reach the end of life, reveal them to your eldest son alone, and let him reveal them to his successor in turn forever. In this way you will keep this city unscathed by the men born of the Dragon’s teeth. Countless cities commit outrage even though their neighbor commits no sin. For the gods are slow to punish, yet they are sure, when men scorn holiness and turn to frenzy. Do not desire this, son of Aegeus! But you know such things as these without my teaching. Let us now set forth to that place—the divine summons urges me—and hesitate no longer. Children, follow me. For now in turn it is I that shine forth wondrously as a leader for you, as you were your father’s. Onward. Do not touch me, but allow me unaided to find the sacred tomb where it is my fate to be buried in this land. This way, here—come this way! Hermes the Conductor and the goddess of the dead lead me in this direction. Light of day, no light to me, once you were mine, but now my body feels you for the last time! For now I go to hide the end of my life in the house of Hades. But you, dearest of strangers, may you yourself be prosperous, and this land, and your followers. In your prosperity, remember me in my death, and be fortunate evermore.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Richard C. Jebb (modernised by Perseus) (1889). Original text: Greek text: Francis Storr (ed. and trans.), Sophocles, Loeb Classical Library, London: William Heinemann, 1912, as digitised by Perseus. English: Richard C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, The Oedipus at Colonus, Cambridge University Press, 1889 (Perseus's modernised version of Jebb's prose translation).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Oedipus at Colonus 1500–1555: Oedipus tells Theseus the…