Aristophanes · Frogs Βάτραχοι

Aristophanes, Frogs 1014–1052: Agon: the poets as teachers of men

Aeschylus says that the poets of old taught men: Orpheus gave them rites, Musaeus healing, Hesiod farming and Homer the art of war. He says that his own Seven against Thebes made men eager for battle, and contrasts his heroes with Euripides' Phaedras and Stheneboeas. Euripides asks whether his tale of Phaedra was untrue, and Aeschylus answers that such tales should be hidden from the stage.

Lines 1014–1052 · 597 words · click a number to copy its link
Αἰσχύλος 1014εἰ γενναίους καὶ τετραπήχεις, καὶ μὴ διαδρασιπολίτας, 1015μηδʼ ἀγοραίους μηδὲ κοβάλους ὥσπερ νῦν μηδὲ πανούργους, ἀλλὰ πνέοντας δόρυ καὶ λόγχας καὶ λευκολόφους τρυφαλείας καὶ πήληκας καὶ κνημῖδας καὶ θυμοὺς ἑπταβοείους. Διόνυσος καὶ δὴ χωρεῖ τουτὶ τὸ κακόν· κρανοποιῶν αὖ μʼ ἐπιτρίψει. Εὐριπίδης καὶ τί σὺ δράσας οὕτως αὐτοὺς γενναίους ἐξεδίδαξας; Διόνυσος 1020Αἰσχύλε λέξον, μηδʼ αὐθάδως σεμνυνόμενος χαλέπαινε. Αἰσχύλος δρᾶμα ποιήσας Ἄρεως μεστόν. Διόνυσος ποῖον; Αἰσχύλος τοὺς ἕπτʼ ἐπὶ Θήβας· ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάιος εἶναι. Διόνυσος τουτὶ μέν σοι κακὸν εἴργασται· Θηβαίους γὰρ πεποίηκας ἀνδρειοτέρους ἐς τὸν πόλεμον, καὶ τούτου γʼ οὕνεκα τύπτου. Αἰσχύλος 1025ἀλλʼ ὑμῖν αὔτʼ ἐξῆν ἀσκεῖν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῦτʼ ἐτράπεσθε.

AESCHYLUS But men who were breathing spears and helms, and the snow-white plume in its crested pride The greave, and the dart, and the warrior’s heart in its sevenfold casing of tough bull-hide.

EURIPIDES He’ll stun me, I know, with his armoury-work; this business is going from bad to worse. And how did you manage to make them so grand, exalted, and brave with your wonderful verse?

DIONYSUS Come, Aeschylus, answer, and don’t stand mute in your self-willed pride and arrogant spleen.

AESCHYLUS A drama I wrote with the War-god filled.

DIONYSUS Its name?

AESCHYLUS ’Tis the ‘‘Seven against Thebes” that I mean. Which whoso beheld, with eagerness swelled to rush to the battlefield there and then.

DIONYSUS O that was a scandalous thing you did! You have made the Thebans mightier men, More eager by far for the business of war. Now, therefore, receive this punch on the head.

AESCHYLUS Ah, ye might have practised the same yourselves, but ye turned to other pursuits instead. Then next the “Persians” I wrote, in praise of the noblest deed that the world can show, And each man longed for the yictor’s wreath, to fight and to vanquish his country’s foe. I was pleased, I own, when I heard their moan for old Darius, their great king, dead;

Αἰσχύλος 1026εἶτα διδάξας Πέρσας μετὰ τοῦτʼ ἐπιθυμεῖν ἐξεδίδαξα νικᾶν ἀεὶ τοὺς ἀντιπάλους, κοσμήσας ἔργον ἄριστον. Διόνυσος ἐχάρην γοῦν, †ἡνίκʼ ἤκουσα περὶ Δαρείου τεθνεῶτος,† ὁ χορὸς δʼ εὐθὺς τὼ χεῖρʼ ὡδὶ συγκρούσας εἶπεν ἰαυοῖ. Αἰσχύλος 1030ταῦτα γὰρ ἄνδρας χρὴ ποιητὰς ἀσκεῖν. σκέψαι γὰρ ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ὡς ὠφέλιμοι τῶν ποιητῶν οἱ γενναῖοι γεγένηνται. Ὀρφεὺς μὲν γὰρ τελετάς θʼ ἡμῖν κατέδειξε φόνων τʼ ἀπέχεσθαι, Μουσαῖος δʼ ἐξακέσεις τε νόσων καὶ χρησμούς, Ἡσίοδος δὲ γῆς ἐργασίας, καρπῶν ὥρας, ἀρότους· ὁ δὲ θεῖος Ὅμηρος 1035ἀπὸ τοῦ τιμὴν καὶ κλέος ἔσχεν πλὴν τοῦδʼ ὅτι χρήστʼ ἐδίδαξεν, τάξεις ἀρετὰς ὁπλίσεις ἀνδρῶν; Διόνυσος καὶ μὴν οὐ Παντακλέα γε ἐδίδαξεν ὅμως τὸν σκαιότατον· πρώην γοῦν, ἡνίκʼ ἔπεμπεν, τὸ κράνος πρῶτον περιδησάμενος τὸν λόφον ἤμελλʼ ἐπιδήσειν.

AESCHYLUS When they smote together their hands, like this, and Evir alake the Chorus said. Aye, such are the poet’s appropriate works: and just consider how all along From the very first they have wrought you good, the noble bards, the masters of song. First, Orpheus taught you religious rites, and from bloody murder to stay your hands: Musaeus healing and oracle lore; and Hesiod all the culture of lands, The time to gather, the time to plough. And gat not Homer his glory divine By singing of valour, and honour, and right, and the sheen of the battle-extended line, The ranging of troops and the arming of men?

DIONYSUS O ay, but he didn’t teach that, I opine, To Pantacles; when he was leading the show I couldn’t imagine what he was at, He had fastened his helm on the top of his head, he was trying to fasten his plume upon that.

AESCHYLUS But others, many and brave, he taught, of whom was Lamachus, hero true; And thence my spirit the impress took, and many a lion-heart chief I drew,

Αἰσχύλος 1039ἀλλʼ ἄλλους τοι πολλοὺς ἀγαθούς, ὧν ἦν καὶ Λάμαχος ἥρως· 1040ὅθεν ἡμὴ φρὴν ἀπομαξαμένη πολλὰς ἀρετὰς ἐποίησεν, Πατρόκλων, Τεύκρων θυμολεόντων, ἵνʼ ἐπαίροιμʼ ἄνδρα πολίτην ἀντεκτείνειν αὑτὸν τούτοις, ὁπόταν σάλπιγγος ἀκούσῃ. ἀλλʼ οὐ μὰ Δίʼ οὐ Φαίδρας ἐποίουν πόρνας οὐδὲ Σθενεβοίας, οὐδʼ οἶδʼ οὐδεὶς ἥντινʼ ἐρῶσαν πώποτʼ ἐποίησα γυναῖκα. Εὐριπίδης 1045μὰ Δίʼ οὐ γὰρ ἐπῆν τῆς Ἀφροδίτης οὐδέν σοι. μηδέ γʼ ἐπείη. Αἰσχύλος ἀλλʼ ἐπί τοι σοὶ καὶ τοῖς σοῖσιν πολλὴ πολλοῦ ʼπικαθῆτο, ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατʼ οὖν ἔβαλεν. Διόνυσος νὴ τὸν Δία τοῦτό γέ τοι δή. ἃ γὰρ ἐς τὰς ἀλλοτρίας ἐποίεις, αὐτὸς τούτοισιν ἐπλήγης. Εὐριπίδης καὶ τί βλάπτουσʼ ὦ σχέτλιʼ ἀνδρῶν τὴν πόλιν ἁμαὶ Σθενέβοιαι; Αἰσχύλος 1050ὅτι γενναίας καὶ γενναίων ἀνδρῶν ἀλόχους ἀνέπεισας κώνεια πιεῖν αἰσχυνθείσας διὰ τοὺς σοὺς Βελλεροφόντας. Εὐριπίδης πότερον δʼ οὐκ ὄντα λόγον τοῦτον περὶ τῆς Φαίδρας ξυνέθηκα;

AESCHYLUS Patrocluses, Teucers, illustrious names; for I fain the citizen-folk would spur To stretch themselves to their measure and height, whenever the trumpet of war they hear. But Phaedras and Stheneboeas? No! no harlotry business deformed my plays. And none can say that ever I drew a love-sick woman in all my days.

EURIPIDES For you no lot or portion had got in Queen Aphrodite.

AESCHYLUS Thank Heaven for that. But ever on you and yours, my friend, the mighty goddess mightily sat; Yourself she cast to the ground at last.

DIONYSUS O ay, that came uncommonly pat. You showed how cuckolds are made, and lo, you were struck yourself by the very same fate

EURIPIDES But say, you cross-grained censor of mine, how my Stheneboeas could harm the state.

AESCHYLUS Full many a noble dame, the wife of a noble citizen, hemlock took, And died, unable the shame and sin of your Bellerophon-scenes to brook.

EURIPIDES Was then, I wonder, the tale I told of Phaedra’s passionate love untrue?

AESCHYLUS Not so: but tales of incestuous vice the sacred poet should hide from view, Nor ever exhibit and blazon forth on the public stage to the public ken.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1919). Original text: Greek text: F. W. Hall and W. M. Geldart (eds.), Aristophanis Comoediae, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-1907, as digitised by Perseus. English: Benjamin Bickley Rogers, The Frogs of Aristophanes, second edition, London: G. Bell and Sons, 1919.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Greek: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain (Rogers). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Frogs 1014–1052: The poets as teachers of men | Aristophanes