Aristophanes · Frogs Βάτραχοι

Aristophanes, Frogs 1126–1172: Agon: the test of the prologues

Euripides takes a prologue of Aeschylus and finds a dozen faults in three lines. He says that Hermes cannot be watching a father's murder and that 'I come' and 'I return' say the same thing twice, while Aeschylus replies that an exile who comes back both comes and returns. Euripides then picks out another line of Aeschylus, about calling on a father to hear and to hearken.

Lines 1126–1172 · 427 words · click a number to copy its link
Αἰσχύλος 1126Ἑρμῆ χθόνιε πατρῷʼ ἐποπτεύων κράτη, σωτὴρ γενοῦ μοι σύμμαχός τʼ αἰτουμένῳ. ἥκω γὰρ ἐς γῆν τήνδε καὶ κατέρχομαι. Διόνυσος τούτων ἔχεις ψέγειν τι; Εὐριπίδης πλεῖν ἢ δώδεκα. Διόνυσος 1130ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ πάντα ταῦτά γʼ ἔστʼ ἀλλʼ ἢ τρία. Εὐριπίδης ἔχει δʼ ἕκαστον εἴκοσίν γʼ ἁμαρτίας. Διόνυσος Αἰσχύλε παραινῶ σοι σιωπᾶν· εἰ δὲ μή, πρὸς τρισὶν ἰαμβείοισι προσοφείλων φανεῖ. Αἰσχύλος ἐγὼ σιωπῶ τῷδʼ; Διόνυσος ἐὰν πείθῃ γʼ ἐμοί. Εὐριπίδης 1135εὐθὺς γὰρ ἡμάρτηκεν οὐράνιόν γʼ ὅσον. Αἰσχύλος ὁρᾷς ὅτι ληρεῖς; Διόνυσος ἀλλʼ ὀλίγον γέ μοι μέλει. Αἰσχύλος πῶς φῄς μʼ ἁμαρτεῖν; Εὐριπίδης αὖθις ἐξ ἀρχῆς λέγε. Αἰσχύλος Ἑρμῆ χθόνιε πατρῷʼ ἐποπτεύων κράτη. Εὐριπίδης οὔκουν Ὀρέστης τοῦτʼ ἐπὶ τῷ τύμβῳ λέγει 1140τῷ τοῦ πατρὸς τεθνεῶτος; Αἰσχύλος οὐκ ἄλλως λέγω. Εὐριπίδης πότερʼ οὖν τὸν Ἑρμῆν, ὡς ὁ πατὴρ ἀπώλετο αὐτοῦ βιαίως ἐκ γυναικείας χερὸς

AESCHYLUS For here I come and hither I return.

DIONYSUS Any fault there?

EURIPIDES A dozen faults and more..

DIONYSUS Eh! why the lines are only three in all.

EURIPIDES But every one contains a score of faults.

DIONYSUS Now Aeschylus, keep silént; if you don’t You won’t get off with three iambic lines.

AESCHYLUS Silent for him!

DIONYSUS If my advice you’ll take.

EURIPIDES Why, at first starting here’s a fault skyhigh.

AESCHYLUS (To Dio.) You see your folly?

DIONYSUS Have your way; I care not.

AESCHYLUS (To Eur.) What is my fault?

EURIPIDES Begin the lines again.

AESCHYLUS Grave Hermes, witnessing a father’s power—

EURIPIDES And this beside his murdered father’s grave Orestes speaks?

AESCHYLUS I say not otherwise.

EURIPIDES Then does he mean that when his father fell By craft-and violence at a woman’s hand, The god of craft was witnessing the deed?

AESCHYLUS It was not he: it was the Helper Hermes

Εὐριπίδης 1143δόλοις λαθραίοις, ταῦτʼ ἐποπτεύειν ἔφη; Αἰσχύλος οὐ δῆτʼ ἐκεῖνον, ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἐριούνιον 1145Ἑρμῆν χθόνιον προσεῖπε, κἀδήλου λέγων ὁτιὴ πατρῷον τοῦτο κέκτηται γέρας— Εὐριπίδης ἔτι μεῖζον ἐξήμαρτες ἢ ʼγὼ ʼβουλόμην· εἰ γὰρ πατρῷον τὸ χθόνιον ἔχει γέρας— Διόνυσος οὕτω γʼ ἂν εἴη πρὸς πατρὸς τυμβωρύχος. Αἰσχύλος 1150Διόνυσε πίνεις οἶνον οὐκ ἀνθοσμίαν. Διόνυσος λέγʼ ἕτερον αὐτῷ· σὺ δʼ ἐπιτήρει τὸ βλάβος. Αἰσχύλος σωτὴρ γενοῦ μοι σύμμαχός τʼ αἰτουμένῳ. ἥκω γὰρ ἐς γῆν τήνδε καὶ κατέρχομαι— Εὐριπίδης δὶς ταὐτὸν ἡμῖν εἶπεν ὁ σοφὸς Αἰσχύλος. Διόνυσος 1155πῶς δίς; Εὐριπίδης σκόπει τὸ ῥῆμʼ· ἐγὼ δέ σοι φράσω. ἥκω γὰρ ἐς γῆν, φησί, καὶ κατέρχομαι· ἥκω δὲ ταὐτόν ἐστι τῷ κατέρχομαι. Διόνυσος νὴ τὸν Δίʼ ὥσπερ γʼ εἴ τις εἴποι γείτονι, χρῆσον σὺ μάκτραν, εἰ δὲ βούλει, κάρδοπον.

AESCHYLUS He called the grave: and this he showed by adding It was his sire’s prerogative he held.

EURIPIDES Why this is worse than all. If from his father He held this office grave, why then—

DIONYSUS He was A graveyard rifler on his father’s side.

AESCHYLUS Bacchus, the wine you drink is stale and fusty.

DIONYSUS Give him another: (To Eur.) you, look out for faults.

AESCHYLUS Be thou my saviour and mine aid to-day, For here I come, and hither I return.

EURIPIDES The same thing twice says clever Aeschylus.

DIONYSUS How twice?

EURIPIDES Why, just consider: I’ll explain. “I come,” says he; and “I return,” says he: It’s the same thing, to ‘‘come” and to “return.”

DIONYSUS Aye, just as if you said, “Good fellow, lend me A kneading trough: likewise, a trough to knead in.”

Αἰσχύλος 1160οὐ δῆτα τοῦτό γʼ ὦ κατεστωμυλμένε ἄνθρωπε ταὔτʼ ἔστʼ, ἀλλʼ ἄριστʼ ἐπῶν ἔχον. Εὐριπίδης πῶς δή; δίδαξον γάρ με καθʼ ὅ τι δὴ λέγεις; Αἰσχύλος ἐλθεῖν μὲν ἐς γῆν ἔσθʼ ὅτῳ μετῇ πάτρας· χωρὶς γὰρ ἄλλης συμφορᾶς ἐλήλυθεν· 1165φεύγων δʼ ἀνὴρ ἥκει τε καὶ κατέρχεται. Διόνυσος εὖ νὴ τὸν Ἀπόλλω. τί σὺ λέγεις Εὐριπίδη; Εὐριπίδης οὐ φημὶ τὸν Ὀρέστην κατελθεῖν οἴκαδε· λάθρᾳ γὰρ ἦλθεν οὐ πιθὼν τοὺς κυρίους. Διόνυσος εὖ νὴ τὸν Ἑρμῆν· ὅ τι λέγεις δʼ οὐ μανθάνω. Εὐριπίδης 1170πέραινε τοίνυν ἕτερον. Διόνυσος ἴθι πέραινε σὺ Αἰσχύλʼ ἀνύσας· σὺ δʼ ἐς τὸ κακὸν ἀπόβλεπε. Αἰσχύλος τύμβου δʼ ἐπʼ ὄχθῳ τῷδε κηρύσσω πατρὶ

AESCHYLUS It is not so, you everlasting talker, They’re not the same, the words are right enough.

DIONYSUS How so? inform me how you use the words.

AESCHYLUS A man, not banished from his home, may “come” To any land, with no especial chance. A home-bound exile both “returns” and “comes.”

DIONYSUS O good, by Apollo! What do you say, Euripides, to that?

EURIPIDES I say Orestes never did “return.” He came in secret’: nobody recalled him.

DIONYSUS O good, by Hermes! (Aside.) I’ve not the least suspicion what he means.

EURIPIDES Repeat another line.

DIONYSUS Ay, Aeschylus, Repeat one instantly: you, mark what’s wrong.

AESCHYLUS Now on this funeral mound I call my father To hear, to hearken.

EURIPIDES There he is again. To “hear,” to “hearken”; the same thing, exactly.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Benjamin Bickley Rogers (1919). Original text: Greek text: F. W. Hall and W. M. Geldart (eds.), Aristophanis Comoediae, Oxford Classical Texts, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-1907, as digitised by Perseus. English: Benjamin Bickley Rogers, The Frogs of Aristophanes, second edition, London: G. Bell and Sons, 1919.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Greek: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain (Rogers). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.