Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 47.594–741: Book 47: Dionysos fights Perseus; Hermes ends the war; Argos honours the god

Perseus and Dionysos trade boasts and fight, and Hera fights unrecognised. Dionysos grows to touch the sky, but Perseus turns Ariadne to stone with the Gorgon's head. As Dionysos is about to sack Argos, Hermes restrains him, promises that Ariadne will be placed among the stars and reconciles the two sons of Zeus. Hera returns to Olympos and Melampus persuades the Argives to honour Dionysos with a festival.

Lines 47.594–741 · 1407 words · click a number to copy its link
594Βασσαρίδων δὲ φάλαγγας ἰδὼν καὶ θύσθλα Λυαίου, 595φρικαλέον γελόων κορυθαιόλος ἔννεπε Περσεύς·

And Flashhelm Perseus when he saw the ranks of the Bassarids and the gear of Lyaios, laughed terribly and cried —

596Ἡδὺς ὁ θύρσον ἔχων, χλοερὸν βέλος, εἰς ἐμὲ βαίνων οὐτιδανοῖς πετάλοισι κορύσσεαι, Ἄρεα παίζων· εἰ Διὸς ἔλλαχες αἷμα, τεὴν ἀνάφαινε γενέθλην· εἰ ποταμοῦ χρύσειον ἔχεις Πακτώλιον ὕδωρ, 600χρυσὸν ἔχω γενετῆρα, πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς ὑέτιος Ζεύς· ἠνίδε φοινίσσοντα θεμείλια παρθενεῶνος, λείψανα κεῖνα φέροντα ῥυηφενέος νιφετοῖο. ἀλλὰ φύγε κλυτὸν Ἄργος, ἐπεὶ μενεδήιος Ἥρη ἔλλαχεν ἕδρανα ταῦτα τεῆς ὀλέτειρα τεκούσης, 605μή σε τὸν οἰστρήσαντα καὶ οἰστρηθέντα τελέσσῃ μή σε πάλιν μανίῃ τεθοωμένον ὀψὲ νοήσω.

“It’s nice to see you there with that thyrsus, that greenleaf shaft, inarching against me armed with your wretched foliage, playing at war ! If you have in you the blood of Zeus, show your breeding ! If you have the water of golden Pactolos River, I have a golden Father — my father is Zeus of the Rains. See the crimson foundations of my mother’s chamber, still keeping relics of that snowstorm of wealth ! Go, flee now from famous Argos, since these buildings belong to steadfast Hera, your mother’s destroyer, lest she make you the maddener mad, lest I see you once more driven with frenzy at last.”

607ὣς εἰπὼν προμάχιζεν· ἀνεπτοίησε δὲ Βάκχας Ἄρεα θωρήξασα καὶ ἀμητῆρα Μεδούσης Ἥρη πανδαμάτειρα· καταιθύσσουσα δὲ Βάκχου 610ἀστεροπῆς μίμημα, θεόσσυτον ἁλλόμενον πῦρ, ῥῖψε κατὰ Βρομίοιο σελασφόρον αἴθοπα λόγχην. καὶ γελόων Διόνυσος ἀμείβετο θυιάδι φωνῇ·

He spoke, and advanced to the fight. Allvanquishing Hera marshalled the battle, and scattered the Bacchants with Medusa’s reaper; she dashed upon Bacchos like the lightning, a godsent leaping fire, and cast at Bromios her gleaming flashing lance. But Dionysos laughing replied in a wild voice —

613Οὐ τόσον ἀστράπτουσαν ἔχεις ἀσίδηρον ἀκωκήν· οὐ δύνασαι κλονέειν με, καὶ εἰ λάχες ἔμπυρον αἰχμήν· 615οὐδέ με πημαίνει στεροπὴ Διός· ἡμιτελῆ γὰρ νήπιον εἰσέτι Βάκχον ἐχυτλώσαντο κεραυνοὶ ἀφλεγὲς ἄσθμα χέοντες ἀδηλήτῳ Διονύσῳ. καὶ σὺ μέγα φρονέων δρεπανηφόρε παύεο Περσεῦ· Γοργόνος οὐ μόθος οὗτος ὀλίζονος, οὐ μία νύμφη 620Ἀνδρομέδη βαρύδεσμος ἀέθλιον· ἀλλὰ Λυαίῳ δῆριν ἄγεις, ὃς Ζηνὸς ἔχει γένος, ᾧ ποτε μούνῳ Ῥείη μαζὸν ὄρεξε φερέσβιον, ὅν ποτε πυρσῷ ἀστεροπῆς γαμίης μαιώσατο μειλιχίη φλόξ, ὃν δύσις, ὃν θάμβησεν Ἑωσφόρος, ᾧ στίχες Ἰνδῶν 625εἴκαθον, ὃν τρομέων καὶ Δηριάδης καὶ Ὀρόντης ἠλιβάτων ἀπέλεθρον ἔχων ἴνδαλμα Γιγάντων ἤριπεν, ᾧ θρασὺς Ἄλπος ὑπώκλασεν, υἱὸς Ἀρούρης, ἀγχινεφὲς περίμετρον ἔχων δέμας, ᾧ γόνυ κάμπτει λαὸς Ἄραψ, Σικελὸς δὲ μελίζεται εἰσέτι ναύτης 630Τυρσηνῶν νόθον εἶδος ἁλίδρομον, ὧν ποτε μορφὴν ἀνδρομέην ἤμειψα μετάτροπον, ἀντὶ δὲ φωτῶν ἰχθύες ὀρχηστῆρες ἐπισκαίρουσι θαλάσσῃ.

Not so much of a flash you make in that blade of yours, with no iron ; you cannot scare me, though your point is on fire ! Even the lightning of Zeus does not hurt me ; for when I was half-made and still a baby the thunders bathed me, pouring breath which burnt not upon inviolate Dionysos. You too, Perseus of the sickle, proud as you are, make an end ! This is no battle for a feeble Gorgon, the prize is not a lone girl in heavy chains, Andromeda. Lyaios is your enemy, the offspring of Zeus, to whom alone long ago Rheia offered the Life-giving breast ; for whom long ago the flame of marriage-lightning was a gentle midwife ; the admiration of East and of West, before whom the armies of India gave way ; at whom Deriades trembled, and Orontes with his towering giant-stature fell ; to whom bold Alpos bent his knee, that son of Earth with huge body rising near the clouds ; to whom the Arabian nation kneels down, and the Sicilian mariner still sings the changeling shape of sea-scouring Tyrrhenian pirates, when once I transformed their human bodies and now instead of men they are fishes dancing and leaping in the sea.

633Θήβης δʼ ἑπταπύλου γόον ἔκλυες· οὔ σε διδάξω αἰνομανῆ Πενθῆα καὶ ὠλεσίτεκνον Ἀγαύην· 635φήμης δʼ οὐ χατέεις ἢ μάρτυρος, ὅττι Λυαίου πειρήθη τεὸν Ἄργος, Ἀχαιιάδες δὲ καὶ αὐταὶ σφωιτέρας ὠδῖνας ἔτι στενάχουσι γυναῖκες. ἀλλά, φίλος, πολέμιζε, καὶ αἰχμάζοντα κορύμβοις αἰνήσεις τάχα Βάκχον ὅτι πτερὰ σεῖο πεδίλων 640ὄψεαι ἀρραγέεσσιν ἐμοῖς εἴκοντα κοθόρνοις· οὔ ποτε Βασσαρίδων σκεδάσεις μόθον, οὔ ποτε λήξω πέμπων οἴνοπα θύρσον, ἕως τεὸν Ἄργεϊ δείξω ἔγχεϊ κισσήεντι πεπαρμένον ἀνθερεῶνα καὶ δρέπανον πετάλοις νικώμενον· οὔ σε σαώσει 645Ζεὺς ἐμός, οὐ γλαυκῶπις ὁμόγνιος, οὐ σέθεν Ἥρη, καὶ μάλα περ κοτέουσα μενεπτολέμῳ Διονύσῳ· ἀλλὰ κατακτείνω σε, καὶ αὐχήεσσα Μυκήνη ὄψεται ἀμηθέντα τὸν ἀμητῆρα Μεδούσης· ἤ σε περισφίγξας ἐνὶ λάρνακι μείζονι δεσμῷ 650πλωτὸν ἀκοντίζω σε τὸ δεύτερον ἠθάδι πόντῳ· ἢν δʼ ἐθέλῃς, ἐπίβηθι τεῆς πάλιν ὀψὲ Σερίφου. ἢν δὲ τεῇ χρυσέῃ μεγαλίζεαι ἀμφὶ γενέθλῃ, οὐτιδανὴν συνάεθλον ἔχε χρυσῆν Ἀφροδίτην.

“You have heard the groaning of sevengate Thebes ; I need not remind you of Pentheus in dire madness and Agaue who slew her child ; you need no tale or witness how your Argos has felt Lyaios, and the wives of Achaia themselves are still mourning for their children. Very well, fight, my friend, and soon you shall praise Bacchos with his weapons of leafage, when you see the wings of your shoes yielding to my unconquerable buskins. Never shall you scatter my battling Bassarids, never will I cease casting my vine-wand, until I show Argos your throat pierced by my spear of ivy and your sickle beaten by my leaves. Zeus my father will not save you, nor Brighteyes my sister, nor your own Hera, however she hates the steadfast Dionysos : but I will kill you, and boastful Mycene shall see beheaded the man who beheaded Medusa. Or I will bind you in a chest with greater bonds, and throw you to float again on the sea you know so well ; you may land again at Seriphos by and by, if you like. If you are so proud of your golden birth, you may take the golden Aphrodite, that good-for-nothing, to help you.”

654ὣς εἰπὼν προμάχιζεν· ἐπεστρατόωντο δὲ Βάκχαι, 655καὶ Σάτυροι πολέμιζον. ὑπὲρ Βρομίου δὲ καρήνου αἰθύσσων πτερὰ κοῦφα μετάρσιος ἵπτατο Περσεύς· ὑψώσας δʼ Ἰόβακχος ἑὸν δέμας, αἰθέρι γείτων ἄπτερος ὑψικέλευθος ἀείρετο μείζονι ταρσῷ ἱπταμένου Περσῆος ὑπέρτερος, ἑπταπόρῳ δὲ 660αἰθέρι χεῖρα πέλασσε, καὶ ὡμίλησεν Ὀλύμπῳ, καὶ νεφέλας ἔθλιψε· φόβῳ δʼ ἐλελίζετο Περσεὺς δεξιτερὴν ἀκίχητον ὀπιπεύων Διονύσου ἠελίου ψαύουσαν, ἐφαπτομένην δὲ σελήνης.

When he had ended, he went on fighting : the Bacchants fell to, the Satyrs joined the battle. Over the head of Bromios Perseus flew in the air, flapping his light wings ; but Iobacchos lifted his body and rose wingless on high near to the heavens with larger limbs over flying Perseus, and brought his hand near the sevenring sky, and touched Olympos, and crushed the clouds : Perseus quivered with fear as he saw the right hand of Dionysos out of reach and touching the sun, catching hold of the moon.

664ἀλλὰ λιπὼν Διόνυσον ἐμάρνατο θυιάσι Βάκχαις· 665καὶ παλάμῃ δονέων θανατηφόρον ὄμμα Μεδούσης λαϊνέην ποίησε κορυσσομένην Ἀριάδνην. καὶ πλέον ἔβρεμε Βάκχος ἰδὼν πετρώδεα νύμφην· καί νύ κεν Ἄργος ἔπερσε καὶ ἐπρήνιξε Μυκήνας καὶ Δαναῶν ἤμησεν ὅλην στίχα, καί νύ κεν αὐτὴν 670μαρναμένην ἄγνωστον ἀνούτατον οὔτασεν Ἥρην μάντιος ἀντιτύποιο νόθῃ βροτοειδέι μορφῇ, καί νύ κεν ὠκυπέδιλος ὑπὲρ μόρον ἔφθιτο Περσεύς. εἰ μή μιν κατόπισθε φανεὶς πτερόεντι πεδίλῳ χρυσείης πλοκαμῖδος ἑλὼν ἀνεσείρασεν Ἑρμῆς, 675καί μιν ἀλεξικάκῳ φιλίῳ μειλίξατο μύθῳ·

So he left Dionysos and fought with the mad Bacchants. He shook in his hand the deadly face of Medusa, and turned armed Ariadne into stone. Bacchos was even more furious when he saw his bride all stone. He would have sacked Argos and razed Mycene to the ground and mowed down the whole host of Danaans, yes even wounded invulnerable Hera herself, who was fighting unrecognized in the false borrowed shape of a mortal, a seer, and Swiftshoe Perseus would have perished, fate or no fate, — but Hermes appeared behind him with winged shoes and pulled him back by his golden hair, and calmed him with friendly words to avert the ruin :

676Ζηνὸς γνήσιον αἷμα, νόθος ζηλήμονος Ἥρης, οἶσθα μέν, ὥς σε σάωσα διιπετέων ἀπὸ πυρσῶν, καί σε Λάμου ποταμοῖο θυγατράσιν ὤπασα Νύμφαις εἰσέτι κουρίζοντα, πάλιν δέ σε χερσὶν ἀείρων 680εἰς δόμον ὑμετέρης, κουροτρόφον ἤγαγον Ἰνοῦς· καὶ σὺ τεῷ ῥυτῆρι φέρων χάριν υἱέι Μαίης, γνωτέ, μάχην εὔνησον ὁμόγνιον· ἀμφότεροι γὰρ Περσεὺς καὶ Διόνυσος ἑνὸς βλάστημα τοκῆος· μὴ στρατὸν Ἀργείων, μὴ μέμφεο Περσέος ἅρπην· 685οὐ γὰρ ἑκὼν ἐς Ἄρηα κορύσσεται· ἀλλά μιν Ἥρη ὥπλισε, μαντιπόλου δὲ Μελάμποδος εἴδεϊ μορφῆς μάρναται ἀμφαδίην· σὺ δὲ χάζεο δῆριν ἐάσας, μή σοι ἐπιβρίσειε πάλιν δυσμήχανος Ἥρη. ἀλλʼ ἐρέεις ἀλόχοιο τεῆς μόρον· εὐκλέι πότμῳ. 690μαρναμένη τέθνηκε, σὺ δὲ φθιμένην Ἀριάδνην ὤφελες ὀλβίζειν, ὅτι τηλίκον εὗρε φονῆα οὐρανίης γεγαῶτα καὶ οὐ βροτέης ἀπὸ φύτλης, κήτεος ἀμητῆρα καὶ ἱπποτόκοιο Μεδούσης· οὐ λίνα Μοιράων ἐπιπείθεται· οὐρανίου γὰρ 695κάτθανεν Ἠλέκτρη Διὸς εὐνέτις, ᾤχετο δʼ αὐτὴ τῷ Διὶ νυμφευθεῖσα κασιγνήτη σέο Κάδμου Εὐρώπη μετὰ λέκτρον Ὀλύμπιον, ὑμετέρη δὲ εἰσέτι γαστρὶ φέρουσα τεὸν τόκον ὤλετο μήτηρ· οὐ Σεμέλη πρὸ μόροιο πύλας ἐπέρησεν Ὀλύμπου, 700ἀλλʼ ὅτε πότμον ἔδεκτο. καὶ ὀλλυμένη σέο νύμφη ἵξεται ἀστερόφοιτον ἐς οὐρανόν, ἡμετέρης δὲ Πλειάδος ἑπταπόροιο φανήσεται ἐγγύθι Μαίης. τί πλέον ἤθελεν ἄλλο φιλαίτερον ἢ χθονὶ λάμπειν αἰθέρα ναιετάουσα μετὰ Κρήτην Ἀριάδνη; 705ἀλλὰ σὺ κάτθεο θύρσον, ἔα δʼ ἀνέμοισιν Ἐνυώ, καὶ βρέτας αὐτοτέλεστον ἐπιχθονίης Ἀριάδνης, οὐρανίης στήριξον ὅπῃ βρέτας ἵσταται Ἥρης. μὴ πόλιν ἐκπέρσειας, ὅπῃ σέθεν αἷμα τοκήων, ὑμετέρης δὲ γέραιρε βοοκραίρου πέδον Ἰοῦς 710εὐνήσας σέο θύρσον· Ἀχαιιάδας δὲ γυναῖκας αἰνήσεις μετόπισθεν, ἐπεὶ ταυρώπιδος Ἥρης βωμὸν ἀναστήσουσι καὶ εὐθαλάμου σέο νύμφης.

“Trueborn offspring of Zeus, if bastard for jealous Hera ! You know how I saved you from the fires that fell from heaven, and entrusted you to those Nymphs, the daughters of river Lamos, when still a little child ; how again I carried you in my arms to the house of Ino your fostering nurse. Then show gratitude, my brother, to your saviour the son of Maia, and still this feud of brothers — for both Perseus and Dionysos are offspring of one sire. Do not reproach the people of Argos, nor the sickle of Perseus, for he arms not willingly for this war. But Hera has armed him, and she is fighting openly in the shape of the seer Melampus. Retire and leave the strife, or Hera irreconcilable may overwhelm you again in her might. But you will urge the fate of your bride. She has died in battle, a glorious fate, and you ought to think Ariadne happy in her death, because she found one so great to slay her, one sprung from heaven and of no mortal stock, one who killed the seamonster and beheaded horsebreeding Medusa. The Fates’ threads obey not persuasion. For Electra died, the bedfellow of heavenly Zeus ; Europa herself disappeared after the Olympian bed, the sister of your Cadmos, she who was wedded to Zeus ; your mother perished too, while she still carried you in her womb ; Semele entered not the gates of Olympos before death, but after she had received her fate. And your bride even in death shall enter the starspangled sky, and she will be seen near Maia my mother among the seven travelling Pleiads. What could Ariadne wish more welcome than to live in the heavens and give light to the earth, after Crete ? Come now, lay down your thyrsus, let the winds blow battle away, and fix the selfmade image of mortal Ariadne where the image of heavenly Hera stands. Do not sack the city where the stock of your parents remains, but still your thyrsus, and respect the country of cowhorn Io. You will praise the women of Achaia by and by, when they shall build an altar to bullface Hera and your charming bride.”

713τοῖον ἔπος κατέλεξε, καὶ ἵππιον Ἄργος ἐάσας εἰς πόλον αὖτις ἵκανεν ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέροισι κεράσσας 715θεσμὸν ὁμοφροσύνης καὶ Περσέι καὶ Διονύσῳ. οὐδὲ μὲν αὐτόθι μίμνεν ἐπὶ χρόνον Ἀργολὶς Ἥρη· ἀλλὰ μεταστρέψασα νόθην βροτοειδέα μορφὴν θέσκελον εἶδος ἔχουσα πάλιν νόστησεν Ὀλύμπῳ. Ἰναχίῃ δὲ φάλαγγι γέρων ἀγόρευε Μελάμπους 720Λυγκέος ἀρχεγόνοιο θεουδέος αἷμα Πελασγοῦ·

So he spoke, and leaving Argos the land of horses returned to the sky, after he had mingled a league of friendship between Perseus and Dionysos. Nor did Argive Hera remain long in that place ; but putting off her pretended mortal body she took her divine form and returned to Olympos. Then old Melampus addressed the Icarian host, he the offspring of divine Pelasgian Lynceus founder of the race : —

721Μαντιπόλῳ πείθεσθε καὶ οἴνοπι σείσατε Βάκχῳ σείσατε χάλκεα ῥόπτρα καὶ Εὔια τύμπανα Ῥείης, Ἰναχίην μὴ πᾶσαν ἀιστώσειε γενέθλην, μὴ μετὰ νήπια τέκνα καὶ ἡβητῆρας ὀλέσσῃ, 725μὴ τεκέων μετὰ πότμον ἀποκτείνειε γυναῖκας· ἀλλὰ θυηπολίην θεοτερπέα ῥέξατε Βάκχῳ καὶ Διί, καὶ Περσῆι χορεύσατε καὶ Διονύσῳ. ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν· ἀολλίζοντο δὲ λαοὶ

Obey your seer, and shake your tambours in honour of wineface Bacchos, shake your bronze tambours and the Euian cymbals of Rheia, that he may not wipe out the whole Inachian race, that he may not destroy the young men after the little children, that he may not kill the wives after their offspring. Come, do sacrifice to Bacchos and Zeus, and please the god’s heart, and dance before Perseus and Dionysos.”

729Βάκχῳ νυκτιχόρευτον ἀνακρούοντες ἀοιδήν, 730καὶ τελετὰς στήσαντο· θεοκλήτῳ δὲ χορείῃ ῥόπτρα μὲν ἐπλατάγησεν, ἐπεκροτέοντο δὲ ταρσοί, καὶ δαΐδες σελάγιζον· ὁμηγερέες δὲ πολῖται μυστιπόλῳ χρίοντο παρήια λευκάδι γύψῳ· τύμπανα δʼ ἐπλατάγησεν, ἀρασσομένοιο δὲ χαλκοῦ 735δίκτυπος ἔβρεμε δοῦπος· ἐφοινίσσοντο δὲ βωμοὶ σφαζομένων στοιχηδὸν ἐπασσυτέρων ἀπὸ ταύρων, κτείνετο δʼ ἄσπετα μῆλα· καὶ ἀνέρες αἴθοπι βωμῷ Βάκχον ἐμειλίξαντο καὶ ἱλάσκοντο γυναῖκες· καὶ μέλος ἠερόφοιτον ἐπέκτυπε θῆλυς ἰωὴ 740κῶμον ἀμειβομένη ζωάγριον, Ἰναχίδες δὲ μαινάδες ἐρρίψαντο λαθίφρονα λύσσαν ἀήταις.

They did as he bade them. The people gathered together, and struck up a song with nightly dances for Bacchos and performed the holy rites : in the pious dance the tambours rattled, the feet beat the ground, the torches blazed. All the people in company smeared their cheeks with white mystic chalk. Kettledrums rattled, the double tap sounded as the bronze was beaten. Altars were red with bulls slaughtered in rows one after another, a multitude of sheep were killed. At the burning altar men made their peace with Bacchos, women won his grace. Women’s voices resounded in the air echoing in turn the song of salvation ; Inachian women and Mainad women cast their deluding fury to the winds.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.