Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 45.273–358: Book 45: The Bacchants break free; fire in Pentheus' palace

The Bacchic women dance their chains off and the dungeon doors fly open, and they return to the mountains, where they work wonders: milk and wine spring from the ground, a girl nurses a child, snakes become ivy, and Satyrs ride beasts. Dionysos shakes the palace of Pentheus with a bull's bellow and fills it with fire that burns nothing, and water poured on it only makes it blaze up.

Lines 45.273–358 · 754 words · click a number to copy its link
273ἀλλὰ ταχυστροφάλιγγος ὅτε δρόμος ἦλθε χορείης, μαινάδες ὠρχήσαντο· θυελλήεσσα δὲ Βάκχη 275ἄστατα δινηθεῖσα ποδῶν βητάρμονι παλμῷ ἀρραγέων ἀνέκοπτε παλίλλυτον ὁλκὸν ἱμάντων, καὶ παλάμαις κροτάλιζεν ἐλεύθερον Εὔιον ἠχὼ εὐρύθμοις πατάγοισιν· ὑπὸ στροφάλιγγι δὲ ταρσῶν χαλκοβαρὴς σφριγόωσα ποδῶν ἐσχίζετο σειρή. 280καὶ δόμον ἀχλυόεντα θεόσσυτος ἔστεφεν αἴγλη Βασσαρίδων ζοφεροῖο καταστάζουσα μελάθρου· καὶ σκοτίου πυλεῶνες ἀνεπτύσσοντο βερέθρου αὐτόματοι· τρομερῷ δὲ τεθηπότες ἅλματι ταρσῶν Βασσαρίδων βρύχημα καὶ ἄγριον ἀφρὸν ὀδόντων

But when the time came for the quickturning dance, then danced the Mainads. The Bacchants like a storm shook loose the wrappings of their straps unbroken and circled quickly in tripping step, rattling a free Euian noise with rhythmic claps, while the turning of their feet broke the thick heavy fetters of bronze round their legs. A heavensent radiance filled the dark dungeon of the Bassarids, diffused over the gloomy roof; the doors of the darksome den opened of themselves ; the jailers were stupefied at the cries and the ferocious foaming teeth of the Bassarids, and their leaping feet, and fled in terror.

285εἰς φόβον ἠπείγοντο φυλάκτορες. αἱ δὲ φυγοῦσαι νόστιμον ἴχνος ἔκαμψαν ἐρημάδος εἰς ῥάχιν ὕλης, ὧν ἡ μὲν βοέην ἀγέλην δαιτρεύσατο θύρσῳ ῥινοτόρῳ, καὶ χεῖρας ἑὰς ἐμιήνατο λύθρῳ ταυρείην ὀνύχεσσι διασχίζουσα καλύπτρην 290τρηχαλέην, ἑτέρη δὲ δαφοινήεντι κορύμβῳ εἰροπόκων ἄρρηκτα διέτμαγε πώεα μήλων, ἄλλη δʼ αἶγας ἔπεφνεν· ἐφοινίσσοντο δὲ λύθρου αἱμαλέαις λιβάδεσσι δαϊζομένης ἀπὸ ποίμνης. ἄλλη δὲ τριέτηρον ἀφαρπάξασα τοκῆος 295ἄτρομον ἀστυφέλικτον ἀδέσμιον ὑψόθεν ὤμων ἵστατο κουφίζουσα μεμηλότα παῖδα θυέλλαις, ἑζόμενον γελόωντα καὶ οὐ πίπτοντα κονίῃ· καὶ γλάγος ᾔτεε κοῦρος, ἑὴν ἅτε μητέρα, Βάκχην, στήθεα δʼ ἀμφαφάασκεν· ἀνυμφεύτοιο δὲ κούρης 300αὐτομάτην γλαγόεσσαν ἀνέβλυον ἰκμάδα μαζοί. παιδὶ δὲ πειναλέῳ λασίους πετάσασα χιτῶνας χείλεσι νηπιάχοισι νεόρρυτον ὤρεγε θηλήν, παρθενικὴ δʼ ἐκόρεσσεν ἀήθεϊ κοῦρον ἐέρσῃ· πολλαὶ δʼ ἀρτιτόκοιο μετοχλισθέντα τεκούσης 305τέκνα δασυστέρνοιο τιθηνήσαντο λεαίνης. ἄλλη δίψιον οὖδας ἐπέκτυπεν ὀξέι θύρσῳ ἄκρον ὄρος πλήξασα νεοσχιδές· αὐτοτελῆ δὲ οἶνον ἐρευγομένη κραναὴ πορφύρετο πέτρη, λειβομένου δὲ γάλακτος ἀρασσομένης ἀπὸ πέτρης 310πίδακες αὐτοχύτοισιν ἐλευκαίνοντο ῥεέθροις. ἄλλη ῥῖψε δράκοντα κατὰ δρυός· ἀμφὶ δὲ δένδρῳ σπεῖραν ὄφις κύκλωσε, καὶ ἔπλετο κισσὸς ἀλήτης πρέμνον ἑλισσομένῳ σκολιῷ μιτρούμενος ὁλκῷ, ἀμφελελιζομένων μιμούμενος ἅμμα δρακόντων. 315καὶ Σάτυρος πεφόρητο σεσηρότα θῆρα κομίζων τίγριν ἀπειλητῆρα καθήμενον ὑψόθι νώτου, ἄγριον ἦθος ἔχοντα καὶ οὐ ψαύοντα φορῆος· καὶ συὸς ἄκρα γένεια γέρων Σειληνὸς ἐρύσσας κάρχαρον ἠκόντιζεν ἐς ἠέρα κάπρον ἀθύρων· 320ἄλλος ἀελλήεντι ποδῶν ἐπιβήτορι παλμῷ εἰς λοφιὴν ἀκίχητος ἐπῃώρητο καμήλου· καί τις ὑπὲρ νώτοιο θορὼν ἐποχήσατο ταύρῳ.

So they escaped and turned their way back to the forest in the lonely hills. One slew a herd of bulls with skinpiercing thyrsus, and soiled her hands in the gore, tearing the rough bull’s hide with her fingernails. Another cut to pieces a flock of sheep with bloody twigs, not tearing their soft wool ; another killed goats, and all were dyed with bloody streams of gore from the slaughtered herd. Another snatched from the father a threeyear child, and set it upon her shoulder untrembling, unshaken, unbound, balancing the boy in the winds’ charge — there he sat laughing, never falling in the dust. The boy asked the Bacchant for milk, thinking it was his mother, and pawed her breast — and milky drops ran of themselves to the breasts of the unwedded maiden, she opened her hairy wrap for the hungry boy, and offered a newly flowing teat to his childish lips ; so a virgin stilled the boy with an unfamiliar drink. Many forced away newborn cubs from a shaggychested honess and nursed them. Another struck the thirsty soil with the point of a thyrsus ; the top of the hill split at once, and the hard rock poured out purple wine of itself, or with a tap on the rock fountains of milk ran out of themselves in white streams. Another threw a snake at an oak ; the snake coiled round the tree, and turned into moving ivy running round girdling the trunk, just as snakes run their coils round and round. A Satyr rushed along carrying a snarling beast, a dangerous tiger which sat on his back, which for all its wild nature did not touch the bearer. One old Seilenos dragged a boar by the snout and threw the tusked swine up in the air for fun. Another with stormy leaps of his feet in a moment mounted upon a camel’s neck ; and one jumped on a bull and rode on his back.

323καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν σκοπέλοισι· λυροδμήτῳ δʼ ἐνί Θήβῃ θαύματα ποικίλα Βάκχος ἐδείκνυε πᾶσι πολίταις· 325καὶ σφαλεροῖσι πόδεσσιν ἐβακχεύοντο γυναῖκες . . . χείλεσιν ἀφροκόμοισιν· ὅλη δʼ ἐλελίζετο Θήβη, καὶ φλογεροὺς σπινθῆρας ἀπηκόντιζον ἀγυιαί· σείετο πάντα θέμεθλα, καὶ ὡς βοέων ἀπὸ λαιμῶν ἀκλινέες πυλεῶνες ἐμυκήσαντο μελάθρων· 330καὶ δόμος ἀστυφέλικτος ἀναβρομέεσκε κυδοιμῷ λαϊνέῃ σάλπιγγι χέων αὐτόσσυτον ἠχώ.

So much for the mountains ; but in music-builded Thebes, Bacchos manifested many wonders to all the people. The women danced wildly with staggering feet . . . with foaming lips. All Thebes was shaken, and sparks of fire shot up from the streets ; all the foundations quaked, the immovable gates of the mansions bellowed as if they had throats like a bull ; even the unshaken building rumbled in confusion, as if giving voice with a stone trumpet of its own.

332οὐδὲ χόλου Διόνυσος ἐπαύσατο· δαιμονίην δὲ φθογγὴν ἠερόφοιτον ἐς ἑπταπόρων ἴτυν ἄστρων, λυσσήεις ἅτε ταῦρος, ἑῷ μυκήσατο λαιμῷ· 335καὶ κλονέων Πενθῆα μεμηνότα μάρτυρι πυρσῷ μαρμαρυγῆς ἔπλησεν ὅλον δόμον· ἀμφὶ δὲ τοίχους ἀντιπόρους σελάγιζε πολυσχιδὲς ἁλλόμενον πῦρ δαιομένῳ σπινθῆρι κατάσσυτον, ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλοις πορφυρέοις καὶ στέρνον ἁλιχλαίνου βασιλῆος 340πυρσὸς ἕλιξ πεφόρητο, καὶ οὐκ ἔφλεξε χιτῶνας· κεκριμέναις δʼ ἀκτῖσιν ἀποσπάδες ἅλματι θερμῷ ἐκ ποδὸς εἰς μέσα νῶτα, διʼ ἰξύος εἰς ῥάχιν ἄκρην Πενθέος ἀμφὶ τένοντα μετήλυδες ἔτρεχον αὐγαί· πολλάκι δʼ αὐτοπόροιο πυρὸς βητάρμονι παλμῷ 345γηγενέος βασιλῆος ἐυστρώτων ἐπὶ λέκτρων ἀφλεγέας σπινθῆρας ἀπέπτυε θέσκελος αἴγλη. καὶ σέλας αὐτοέλικτον ἰδὼν βρυχήσατο Πενθεύς, κέκλετο δὲ δμώεσσιν ἄγειν ἀλκτήριον ὕδωρ, ὄφρα κατασβέσσωσιν ἀναπτομένην φλόγα πυρσοῦ 350δῶμα περιρραίνοντες ἀλεξικάκοισι ῥεέθροις· καὶ γλαφυρῶν γυάλων ἐφάνη γυμνούμενον ὕδωρ, καί, μεγάλη περ ἐοῦσα, ῥόον τερσαίνετο πηγὴ ἄγγεσι νηρίθμοισιν ἀφυσσομένου ποταμοῖο. καὶ πόνος ἀχρήιστος ἔην καὶ ἐτώσιον ὕδωρ. 355καὶ διεραῖς λιβάδεσσιν ἀέξετο βαλλόμενον πῦρ θερμοτέραις ἀκτῖσι· καὶ ὡς πολέων ἀπὸ ταύρων μυκηθμοῦ κελάδοντος ὑπωροφίη πέλεν ἠχώ, βρονταῖς δʼ ἐνδομύχοισιν ἐπέκτυπε Πενθέος αὐλή.

Yet Dionysos did not abate his wrath. He sent his divine voice into the sky as far as the seven orbits of the stars, bellowing with his own throat like a mad bull. He pursued frenzied Pentheus with his witnesses, the fires, and filled the whole house with the blaze. Tongues of fire danced gleaming over the walls right and left with showers of burning sparks ; over the king’s brilliant robes and the seapurple stuff about his chest ran spirals of fire which did not burn his garments. Separate streaks of fire went in hot leaps from foot to middleback, across his loins to the top of his backbone and round his neck ran the travelling flashes : often the divine light spat sparks that did not burn on the splendid bed of the earthborn king, the fire dancing about at random. Pentheus seeing this fire moving about of itself roared aloud and called his slaves to help, to bring saving water to drench the place with protective torrents and quench the burning flames. And the rounded cisterns were emptied, bared of water, the fountain of the river great as it was, dried up when those thousands of vessels were dipt in the water. Their trouble was useless, the water did no good, wet floods poured on the fire only made its flames grow hotter still ; there was a sound as of the echoing bellow of many bulls under that roof, and the palace of Pentheus resounded with internal thunders.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.