Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 43.225–306: Book 43: Proteus, Nereus and the Rivers join the fray

Proteus, ringed by the Indian soldiers, changes into a panther, a tree, a serpent, a lion, a boar and water to slip their grasp. Nereus leads his daughters into the fight, sea creatures and the Nereids join, and the seas and straits roll against one another. The Rivers come to the aid of Dionysos while Melicertes thrusts at him with his trident.

Lines 43.225–306 · 740 words · click a number to copy its link
225Πρωτεὺς δʼ Ἴσθμιον οἶδμα λιπὼν Παλληνίδος ἅλμης εἰναλίῳ θώρηκι κορύσσετο, δέρματι φώκης· ἀμφὶ δέ μιν στεφανηδὸν ἐπέρρεον αἴθοπες Ἰνδοὶ Βάκχου κεκλομένοιο, καὶ οὐλοκόμων στίχες ἀνδρῶν φωκάων πολύμορφον ἐπηχύναντο νομῆα. 230σφιγγομένου δὲ γέροντος ἔην ἑτερόχροος εἰκών· Πρωτεὺς γὰρ μελέεσσι τύπον μιμηλὸν ὑφαίνων πόρδαλις αἰολόνωτος ἑὴν ἐστίξατο μορφήν· καὶ φυτὸν αὐτοτέλεστον ἐπὶ χθονὸς ὄρθιον ἔστη δενδρώσας ἑὰ γυῖα, τινασσομένων δὲ πετήλων 235ψευδαλέον ψιθύρισμα Βορειάδι σύρισεν αὔρῃ· καὶ γραπταῖς φολίδεσσι κεκασμένα νῶτα χαράξας εἷρπε δράκων, μεσάτου δὲ πιεζομένου κενεῶνος σπεῖραν ἀνῃώρησεν, ὑπʼ ὀρχηστῆρι δὲ παλμῷ ἄκρα τιταινομένης ἐλελίζετο κυκλάδος οὐρῆς, 240καὶ κεφαλὴν ὤρθωσεν, ἀποπτύων δὲ γενείων ἰὸν ἀκοντιστῆρα κεχηνότι σύρισε λαιμῷ· καὶ δέμας ἀλλοπρόσαλλον ἔχων σκιοειδέι μορφῇ φρῖξε λέων, σύτο κάπρος, ὕδωρ ῥέε· καὶ χορὸς Ἰνδῶν ὑγρὸν ἀπειλητῆρι ῥόον σφηκώσατο δεσμῷ 245χερσὶν ὀλισθηρῇσιν ἔχων ἀπατήλιον ὕδωρ· κερδαλέος δὲ γέρων πολυδαίδαλον εἶδος ἀμείβων εἶχε Περικλυμένοιο πολύτροπα δαίδαλα μορφῆς, ὃν κτάνεν Ἡρακλέης, ὅτε δάκτυλα δισσὰ συνάψας ψευδαλέον μίμημα νόθης ἔθραυσε μελίσσης. 250χερσαίην δὲ γέροντος ἐκυκλώσαντο πορείην πώεα κητώεντα, φιλοψαμάθοιο δὲ φώκης οἰγομένῳ βαρύδουπον ὕδωρ ἐπεπάφλασε λαιμῷ.

Proteus left the flood of the Isthmian sea of Pallene, and armed him in a cuirass of the brine, the sealskin. Round him in a ring rushed the swarthy Indians at the summons of Bacchos, and crowds of the woollyheaded men embraced the shepherd of the seals in his various forms. For in their grasp the Old Man Proteus took on changing shapes, weaving his limbs into many mimic images. He spotted his body into a dappleback panther. He made his limbs a tree, and stood straight up on the earth a selfgrown spire, shaking his leaves and whistling a counterfeit whisper to the North Wind. He scored his back well with painted scales and crawled as a serpent ; he rose in coils squeezing his belly, and with a dancing throb of his curling tail’s tip he twirled about, lifted his head and spat hissing from gaping throat and grinning jaws a shooting shower of poison. So from one shadowy shape to another in changeling form he bristled as a lion, charged as a boar, flowed as water — the Indian company clutched the wet flood in threatening grasp, but found the pretended water slipping through their hands. So the crafty Old Man changed into many and varied shapes, as many as the varied shapes of Periclymenos, whom Heracles slew when between two fingers he crushed the counterfeit shape of a bastard bee. Flocks of sea-monsters ringed round the Old Man on his expedition to dry land, water splashed with a heavy roar from the open mouths of the sand-loving seals.

253θυγατέρων δὲ φάλαγγα φιλεύιον εἰς μόθον ἕλκων ἔγχεϊ κυματόεντι γέρων ὡπλίζετο Νηρεύς, 255ποντοπόρῳ τριόδοντι καταθρῴσκων ἐλεφάντων, δεινὸς ἰδεῖν· πολλαὶ δὲ παρʼ ᾐόνα γείτονες ὄχθαι εἰναλίῃ Νηρῆος ἐδοχμώθησαν ἀκωκῇ. Νηρεΐδων δὲ γένεθλα συνεκρούσαντο τοκῆι ὑσμίνης ἀλάλαγμα· καὶ εἰς μόθον ὑψόθι πόντου 260ἡμιφανὴς ἀπέδιλος ἐβακχεύθη χορὸς ἅλμης. καὶ Σατύρων ἀσίδηρος ἐπαΐσσουσα κυδοιμῷ ἀρχαίην ἐπὶ λύσσαν ἀνέδραμεν ἄστατος Ἰνώ, λευκὸν ἐρευγομένη μανιώδεος ἀφρὸν ὑπήνης. καὶ βλοσυρὴ Πανόπεια διαΐσσουσα γαλήνης 265γλαυκὰ θαλασσαίης ἐπεμάστιε νῶτα λεαίνης· καὶ ῥόπαλον δυσέρωτος ἀειρομένη Πολυφήμου εἰναλίη Γαλάτεια κορύσσετο λυσσάδι Βάκχῃ· κουφίζων δʼ ἀτίνακτον ἁλιτρεφέων ἐπὶ νώτων πομπίλος ἠέρταζε διʼ ὕδατος ἄβροχον Εἰδώ.

Ancient Nereus armed himself with a watery spear, and led his regiment of daughters into the Euian struggle. With sea-traversing trident he leapt at the elephants, terrible to behold : many a neighbouring cliff along the shore toppled sideways under the seapike of Nereus. The tribes of Nereids sounded for their sire the cry of battle-triumph : unshod, half hidden in the brine, the company rushed raging to combat over the sea. Restless Ino speeding unarmed into strife with the Satyrs, fell again into her old madness spitting white foam from her maddened lips. Terrible Panopeia also shot through the quiet water flogging the greeny back of a sealioness. Galateia too the sea-nymph lifting the club of her lovesick Polyphemos attacked a wild Bacchant. Eido rode unshaken, unwetted, over the water mounted on the back of a seabred pilot fish.

270ὡς δέ τις ἱππεύων ἐλατὴρ ὑπὸ κυκλάδι τέχνῃ. δοχμώσας ὅλον ἵππον ἀριστερὸν ἐγγύθι νύσσης, δεξιτερὸν κάμψειε, παριεμένοιο χαλινοῦ κέντρῳ ἐπισπέρχων, προχέων πλήξιππον ἀπειλήν, ὀκλάζων ἐπίκυρτος, ἐπʼ ἄντυγι γούνατα πήξας 275ἰξύι καμπτομένῃ, καὶ ἑκούσιον ἵππον ἐλαύνων φειδομένῃ παλάμῃ τεχνήμονι βαιὸν ἱμάσσει, ὄμμα βαλὼν κατόπισθε, παρελκομένου δὲ προσώπου δίφρον ὀπισθοπόροιο φυλάσσεται ἡνιοχῆος· ὣς τότε Νηρεΐδες διερὴν περὶ νύσσαν ἀγῶνος 280ἰχθύας ὠκυπόροισιν ἐοικότας ἤλασαν ἵπποις. ἄλλη δʼ ἀντικέλευθον ἁλίδρομον εἶχε πορείην νώτῳ δʼ ἰχθυόεντι καθιππεύουσα γαλήνης ἡνίοχος δελφῖνος ὑπερκύψασα θαλάσσης, ὑγρομανῆ δρόμον εἶχε· μανεὶς δέ τις ὑγρὸς ὁδίτης 285μεσσοφανὴς δελφῖνας ὁμόζυγας ἔσχισε δελφίς.

“As a driver in the circus rounding the post with skill, turns about the near horse to hug the post and lets the off horse follow along on a slackened rein, goading him on and yelling horse-lashing threats — he stoops and crouches, resting his knees on the rail, and leans to the side : as he drives a willing horse with the sparing hand of a master, and a little touch of the whip, as he turns his face casting an eye behind while he watches the car of the driver behind — so then the Nereids drove their fishes like swift-moving horses about the watery goal of their contest. Another opposite handling her reins on a dolphin’s back peeped out over the water, and moved on her seaborne course as she rode down the quiet sea on the fish in a wild race over the waters ; then the mad dolphin travelling in the sea half- visible cut through his fellow-dolphins .

286καὶ ποταμοὶ κελάδησαν ἐς ὑσμίνην Διονύσου θαρσύνοντες ἄνακτα, καὶ ἀενάων ἀπὸ λαιμῶν ὑδατόεν μύκημα κεχηνότος Ὠκεανοῖο ἄγγελος ὑσμίνης Ποσιδήιος ἔβρεμε σάλπιγξ· 290καὶ πελάγη κυρτοῦτο συναιχμάζοντα τριαίνῃ· Ἰκαρίῳ Μυρτῷος ἐπέτρεχεν, ἀγχιφανὴς δὲ ἑσπερίῳ Σαρδῷος, Ἴβηρ ἐπεσύρετο Κελτῷ οἰδαίνων πελάγεσσι, καὶ ἠθάδι δίζυγι πόντῳ Βόσπορος ἀστήρικτος ἐμίγνυε καμπύλον ὕδωρ, 295Αἰγαίου δὲ ῥέεθρα συναιθύσσοντες ἀέλλῃ Ἰονίης κενεῶνες ἐμαστίζοντο θαλάσσης συζυγέες, Σικελῆς δὲ παρὰ σφυρὰ θυιάδος ἅλμης κύμασι πυργωθεῖσα συνέκτυπεν Ἀδριὰς ἅλμη ἀγχινεφής· καὶ κόχλον ἑλὼν ὑπὸ Σύρτιος ὕδωρ 300εἰναλίῃ σάλπιγγι Λίβυς μυκήσατο Νηρεύς· καί τις ἀναΐξας ῥοθίων χερσαῖος ὁδίτης εἰς σκοπιὴν πόδα λαιὸν ἐρείσατο, δεξιτερῷ δὲ οὔρεος ἄκρα κάρηνα ταμὼν ἐνοσίχθονι ταρσῷ μαινάδος ἀψαύστοιο κατηκόντιζε καρήνου· 305καὶ βυθίῳ τριόδοντι καταιχμάζων Διονύσου ἅλμασι μητρῴοισιν ἐβακχεύθη Μελικέρτης.

The Rivers came roaring into the battle with Dionysos, encouraging their lord, and Oceanos gaped a watery bellow from his everflowing throat while Poseidon’s trumpet sounded to tell of the coming strife ; the deeps rounded into a swell rallying to the Trident. Myrtoan hurried up to Icarian, Sardinian came near Hesperian, Iberian with swelling waves rolled along to Celtic ; Bosporos never still mingled his curving stream with both his familiar seas ; the deeps of the Ionian Sea rolling with the stormwind beat together upon the streams of Aegean, and the wild Adriatic brine rose high as the clouds and in towering waves beat on the feet of the raging Sicilian. Libyan Nereus caught up his conch under the water by Syrtis, and boomed on his sea-trumpet. Then one rising from the surge and stepping on land rested his left foot on a rock, and with right broke off the top of the cliff with earthshaking tread and hurled it at a Mainad’s inviolate head ; and Melicertes lunging at Dionysos with his trident of the sea went madly along in leaps like his mother’s.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.