Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 41.0–118: Book 41: Beroe, the oldest city, where Aphrodite first landed

Dionysos plants vines under Lebanon and roofs a grove for Adonis and Aphrodite. The poet invokes the Muses to sing the war of Poseidon and Dionysos over Amymone. He describes Beroe between mountain and sea, the first city of earth-sprung men, older than Zeus, and claims that Aphrodite, newly born from the foam, came ashore there and not at Cyprus.

Lines 41.0–118 · 1169 words · click a number to copy its link
0πρῶτον τεσσαρακοστὸν ἔχει, πόθεν υἱέι Μύρρης ἄλλην Κύπριν ἔτικτεν Ἀμυμώνην Ἀφροδίτη.

The forty-first tells how Aphrodite bore Amymone a second Cypris to the son of Myrrha.

1ἄρτι μὲν ὀφρυόεντος ὑπὲρ Λιβάνοιο καρήνων

Already he had planted in the earth the clustering vintage of his glorious fruit under the beetling crags of Lebanon, and intoxicated all the winebearing bottoms of the land. He saw the wedding-chamber of Paphia ; there with newgrown shoots of the gardenvine he roofed a deep-shaded grove, then presented the viny gift to Adonis and Cythereia. There was also a troop of Graces ; and from the luxuriant coppice high leapt the ivy in his girdle of cultivated vine, and climbed aloft embracing the cypress.

2πήξας ἀγλαόκαρπον ἐπὶ χθονὶ βότρυν ὀπώρης

Come now, ye Muses of Lebanon on the neighbouring land of Beroe, that handmaiden of law ! recite the lay of Amymone, the war between Cronides of the deep and well-besung Lyaios, the war of waters and the strife of the vine.

3οἰνοτόκους ἐμέθυσσεν ὅλης κενεῶνας ἀρούρης· καὶ Παφίης δόμον εἶδε γαμήλιον· ἡμερίδων δὲ 5ἔρνεσιν ἀρτιφύτοισι βαθύσκιον ἄλσος ἐρέψας ἀμπελόεν πόρε δῶρον Ἀδώνιδι καὶ Κυθερείῃ. καὶ Χαρίτων χορὸς ἦεν· ἀεξιφύτοιο δὲ λόχμης ἡμερίδων ζωστῆρι θορὼν ἐπιβήτορι παλμῷ κισσὸς ἀερσιπότητος ἐμιτρώθη κυπαρίσσῳ 10ἀλλὰ θεμιστοπόλου Βερόης παρὰ γείτονι πέζῃ ὕμνον Ἀμυμώνης, Λιβανηίδες εἴπατε Μοῦσαι, καὶ βυθίου Κρονίδαο καὶ εὐύμνοιο Λυαίου Ἄρεα κυματόεντα καὶ ἀμπελόεσσαν Ἐνυώ. ἔστι πόλις Βερόη, βιότου τρόπις, ὅρμος Ἐρώτων, 15ποντοπαγής, εὔνησος, ἐύχλοος, οὗ ῥάχις ἰσθμοῦ στεινὴ μῆκος ἔχοντος, ὅπῃ διδύμης μέσος ἅλμης κύμασιν ἀμφοτέροισιν ἱμάσσεται ὄρθιος αὐχήν· ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν βαθύδενδρον ὑπὸ ῥάχιν αἴθοπος Εὔρου Ἀσσυρίῳ Λιβάνῳ παραπέπταται, ἧχι πολίταις 20ὄρθια συρίζουσα βιοσσόος ἔρχεται αὔρη, εὐόδμοις ἀνέμοισι τινασσομένων κυπαρίσσων . . . καὶ δόμος ἀγρονόμων, ὅθι πολλάκις ἐγγύθι λόχμης Πανὶ μελιζομένῳ δρεπανηφόρος ἤντετο Δηώ, καί τις ἐφʼ ἱστοβοῆι γεωμόρος αὐχένα κάμψας, 25ῥαίνων ἀρτιχάρακτον ὀπισθοβόλῳ χθόνα καρπῷ, γείτονι μηλοβοτῆρι παρὰ σφυρὰ φορβάδος ὕλης, σφίγξας σύζυγα ταῦρον, ὁμίλεε κυρτὸς ἀροτρεύς. ἄλλα δὲ πὰρ πελάγεσσιν ἔχει πόλις, ἧχι τιταίνει στέρνα Ποσειδάωνι, καὶ ἔμβρυον αὐχένα κούρης 30πήχεϊ μυδαλέῳ περιβάλλεται ὑγρὸς ἀκοίτης, πέμπων ὑδατόεντα φιλήματα χείλεσι νύμφης· καὶ βυθίης ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὁμευνέτις ἠθάδι κόλπῳ ἕδνα Ποσειδάωνος ἁλίτροφα πώεα λίμνης δέχνυται, ἰχθυόεντα πολύχροα δεῖπνα τραπέζης, 35εἰναλίῃ Νηρῆος ἐπισκαίροντα τραπέζῃ, ἀρκτῴην παρὰ πέζαν, ὅπῃ βαθυκύμονος ἀκτῆς μηκεδανῷ κενεῶνι Βορήιος ἕλκεται αὐλών. ἀμφὶ δὲ τερψινόοιο μεσημβρινὸν αὐχένα γαίης εἰς ῥαχίην Νοτίην ψαμαθώδεές εἰσιν ἀταρποὶ 40εἰς χθόνα Σιδονίην, ὅθι ποικίλα δένδρεα κήπων καὶ σταφυλαὶ κομόωσι, τανυπτόρθοις δὲ πετήλοις δάσκιος ἀπλανέεσσι τιταίνεται οἶμος ὁδίταις. δοχμώσας δὲ ῥέεθρον ἐπʼ ᾐόνι πόντος ἀράσσει ἀμφὶ δύσιν κυανωπόν, ὅπῃ λιγυηχέι ταρσῷ 45ἑσπερίων Ζεφύροιο καθιππεύοντος ἐναύλων συριγμῷ δροσόεντι Λίβυς ῥιπίζεται ἀγκών, ἀνθεμόεις ὅθι χῶρος, ὅπῃ παρὰ γείτονι πόντῳ φυταλιαὶ θαλέουσι, καὶ εὐπετάλων ἀπὸ δένδρων ἄσθματι βομβήεντι μελίζεται ἔμπνοος ὕλη.

There is a city Beroe, the keel of human life, harbour of the Loves, firmbased on the sea, with fine islands and fine verdure, with a ridge of isthmus narrow and long, where the rising neck between two seas is beaten by the waves of both. On one side it spreads under the deepwooded ridge of Assyrian Lebanon in the blazing East, and there comes for its people a lifesaving breeze, whistling loud and shaking the cypress trees with fragrant winds. There the ancient shepherd shared his domain and made his music along with the fisherman ; there was the dwelling of the farmers, where often near the woodland, Deo sickle in hand met Pan playing on his pipes ; and the husbandman bending his neck over the plowpole, and showering the corn behind him into the newcut furrows with backturned wrist, the bowed plowman gripping his yoke of bulls, had converse with his neighbour the shepherd along the foothills of the woodland pasture. The other part by the seas the city possesses, where she offers her breast to Poseidon, and her watery husband embraces the girl’s pregnant neck with wet arm, putting moist kisses on the bride’s lips; his bedfellow in her well-accustomed bosom accepts Poseidon’s familiar bride-gifts from his hand out of the deep, the seabred flocks of the waters, the fishes of many colours for her banqueting-table, which dance on the table of Nereus in the brine, in the region of the Bear, where the northerly coast receives the deep waves into its long channel. About the southern neck of this delightful country sandy roads lead to the southern hills and the Sidonian land, where are all manner of trees and vines thick with foliage in the gardens, and a highway stretches that no traveller can miss, overshadowed with long leafy branches. The sea bending its course beats on the shore about the darkfaced west, while the bight of Libya is fanned by the dewy whistle of Zephyros as he rides with shrill-sounding heel over the western channels, where is a flowery land, where nurseries bloom hard by the sea, and the fragrant forest pervaded by humming winds sings from its leafy trees.

50σύννομος ἰχθυβολῆι γέρων ἐμελίζετο ποιμήν. ἐνθάδε φῶτες ἔναιον ὁμήλικες ἠριγενείης, οὓς Φύσις αὐτογένεθλος ἀνυμφεύτῳ τινὶ θεσμῷ ἤροσε νόσφι γάμων, ἀπάτωρ, ἀλόχευτος, ἀμήτωρ, ὁππότε συμμιγέων ἀτόμων τετράζυγι δεσμῷ 55ὕδατι καὶ πυρόεντι πεφυρμένον ἠέρος ἀτμῷ σύζυγα μορφώσασα σοφὸν τόκον ἄσπορος ἰλὺς ἔμπνοον ἐψύχωσε γονὴν ἐγκύμονι πηλῷ, οἷς Φύσις εἶδος ὄπασσε τελεσφόρον· ἀρχεγόνου γὰρ Κέκροπος οὐ τύπον εἶχον, ὃς ἰοβόλῳ ποδὸς ὁλκῷ 60γαῖαν ἐπιξύων ὀφιώδεϊ σύρετο ταρσῷ, νέρθε δράκων, καὶ ὕπερθεν ἀπʼ ἰξύος ἄχρι καρήνου ἀλλοφυὴς ἀτέλεστος ἐφαίνετο δίχροος ἀνήρ· οὐ τύπον ἄγριον εἶχον Ἐρεχθέος, ὃν τέκε Γαίης αὔλακι νυμφεύσας γαμίην Ἥφαιστος ἐέρσην· 65ἀλλὰ θεῶν ἴνδαλμα γονῆς αὐτόχθονι ῥίζῃ πρωτοφανὴς χρύσειος ἐμαιώθη στάχυς ἀνδρῶν. καὶ Βερόης νάσσαντο πόλιν πρωτόσπορον ἕδρην, ἣν Κρόνος αὐτὸς ἔδειμε, σοφῆς ὅτε νεύματι Ῥείης ὀκρυόεν θέτο δόρπον ἑῷ πολυχανδέι λαιμῷ. 70καὶ λίθον Εἰλείθυιαν ἔχων βεβριθότι φόρτῳ, θλιβομένης πολύπαιδος ἀκοντιστῆρα γενέθλης, χανδὸν ὅλου ποταμοῖο ῥόον νεφεληδὸν ἀφύσσων στήθεϊ παφλάζοντι μογοστόκον ἔσπασεν ὕδωρ, λύσας γαστέρος ὄγκον· ἐπασσυτέρους δὲ διώκων 75δισσοτόκους υἱῆας ἀνήρυγεν ἔγκυος αὐχήν, πορθμὸν ἔχων τοκετοῖο λεχώιον ἀνθερεῶνα·

Here dwelt a people agemates with the Dawn, whom Nature by her own breeding, in some unwedded way, begat without bridal, without wedding, fatherless, motherless, unborn : when the atoms were mingled in fourfold combination, and the seedless ooze shaped a clever offspring by commingling water with fiery heat and air, and quickened the teeming mud with the breath of life. To these Nature gave perfect shape : for they had not the form of primeval Cecrops, who crawled and scratched the earth with snaky feet that spat poison as he moved, dragon below, but above from loins to head he seemed a man half made, strange in shape and of twyform flesh ; they had not the savage form of Erechtheus, whom Hephaistos begat on a furrow of Earth with fertilizing dew ; but now first appeared the golden crop of men brought forth in the image of the gods, with the roots of their stock in the earth. And these dwelt in the city of Beroe, that primordial seat which Cronos himself builded, at the time when invited by clever Rheia he set that jagged supper before his voracious throat, and having the heavy weight of that stone within him to play the deliverer’s part, he shot out the whole generation of his tormented children. Gaping wide, he sucked up the storming flood of a whole river, and swallowed it in his bubbling chest to ease his pangs, then threw off the burden of his belly ; so one after another his pregnant throat pushed up and disgorged his twiceborn sons through the delivering channel of his gullet.

77Ζεὺς τότε κοῦρος ἔην, ἔτι που βρέφος· οὔ ποτε πυκνῷ θερμὸν ἀνασχίζουσα νέφος βητάρμονι παλμῷ ἀστεροπὴ σελάγιζε, καὶ οὐ Τιτηνίδι χάρμῃ 80Ζηνὸς ἀοσσητῆρες ὀιστεύοντο κεραυνοί· οὐδὲ συνερχομένων νεφέων μυκήτορι ῥόμβῳ βρονταίη βαρύδουπος ἐβόμβεεν ὄμβριος ἠχώ. ἀλλὰ πόλις Βερόη προτέρη πέλεν, ἣν ἅμα γαίῃ πρωτοφανὴς ἐνόησεν ὁμήλικα σύμφυτος Αἰών· 85οὐ τότε Ταρσὸς ἔην τερψίμβροτος, οὐ τότε Θήβη, οὐ τότε Σάρδιες ἦσαν, ὅπῃ Πακτωλίδος ὄχθης χρυσὸν ἐρευγομένης ἀμαρύσσεται ὄλβιος ἰλύς, Σάρδιες, Ἠελίοιο συνήλικες· οὐ γένος ἀνδρῶν, οὐ τότε τις πόλις ἦεν Ἀχαιιάς, οὐδὲ καὶ αὐτὴ 90Ἀρκαδίη προσέληνος· ἀνεβλάστησε δὲ μούνη πρεσβυτέρη Φαέθοντος, ὅθεν φάος ἔσχε Σελήνη. καὶ φθαμένη χθόνα πᾶσαν, ἑῷ παμμήτορι κόλπῳ ἠελίου νεοφεγγὲς ἀμελγομένη σέλας αἴγλης καὶ φάος ὀψιτέλεστον ἀκοιμήτοιο Σελήνης, 95πρώτη κυανέης ἀπεσείσατο κῶνον ὀμίχλης, καὶ χάεος ζοφόεσσαν ἀπεστυφέλιξε καλύπτρην· καὶ φθαμένη Κύπροιο καὶ Ἴσθμιον ἄστυ Κορίνθου πρώτη Κύπριν ἔδεκτο φιλοξείνῳ πυλεῶνι ἐξ ἁλὸς ἀρτιλόχευτον, ὅτε βρυχίην Ἀφροδίτην 100οὐρανίης ὤδινεν ἀπʼ αὔλακος ἔγκυον ὕδωρ, ὁππόθι νόσφι γάμων ἀρόσας ῥόον ἄρσενι λύθρῳ αὐτοτελὴς μορφοῦτο θυγατρογόνῳ γόνος ἀφρῷ, καὶ Φύσις ἔπλετο μαῖα· συναντέλλων δὲ θεαίνῃ στικτὸς ἱμάς, στεφανηδὸν ἐπʼ ἰξύι κύκλον ἑλίξας, 105αὐτομάτῳ ζωστῆρι δέμας μίτρωσεν ἀνάσσης. καὶ θεὸς ἰχνεύουσα διʼ ὕδατος ἄψοφον ἀκτὴν οὐ Πάφον, οὐκ ἐπὶ Βύβλον ἀνέδραμεν, οὐ πόδα χέρσῳ Κωλιάδος ῥηγμῖνος ἐφήρμοσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῶν ὠκυτέρῃ στροφάλιγγι παρέτρεχεν ἄστυ Κυθήρων· 110καὶ χρόα φυκιόεντι περιτρίψασα κορύμβῳ πορφυρέη πέλε μᾶλλον· ἀκυμάντοιο δὲ πόντου χεῖρας ἐρετμώσασα θεητόκον ἔσχισεν ὕδωρ νηχομένη, καὶ στέρνον ἐπιστορέσασα θαλάσσῃ σιγαλέην ἀνέκοπτε χαρασσομένην ἅλα ταρσῷ, 115καὶ δέμας ᾐώρησε, διχαζομένης δὲ γαλήνης ποσσὶν ἀμοιβαίοισιν ὀπίστερον ὤθεεν ὕδωρ· καὶ Βερόης ἐπέβαινε· ποδῶν δʼ ἐπίβαθρα θεαίνης ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐρχομένης ναέτης ἐψεύσατο Κύπρου.

Zeus was then a child, still a baby methinks ; not yet the lightning flashed and cleft the hot clouds with many a dancing leap, not yet bolts of Zeus were shot to help in the Titans’ war, not yet the rainy sound of thunderclaps roared heavily with bang and boom through colliding clouds : but before that, the city of Beroe was there, which Time with her first appearing saw when born together with her agemate Earth. Tarsos the delight of mankind was not then, Thebes was not then, nor then was Sardis where the bank of Pactolos sparkles with opulent ooze disgorged, Sardis agemate of Helios. The race of men was not then, nor any Achaian city, nor yet Arcadia itself which came before the moon. Beroe alone grew up, older than Phaethon, from whom Selene got her light, even before all the earth, milking out from Helios the shine of his newmade brightness upon her all-mothering breast and the later perfected light of unresting Selene Beroe first shook away the cone of darkling mist, and threw off the gloomy veil of chaos. Before Cyprus and the Isthmian city of Corinth, she first received Cypris within her welcoming portal, newly born from the brine; when the water impregnated from the furrow of Uranos was delivered of deepsea Aphrodite ; when without marriage, the seed plowed the flood with male fertility, and of itself shaped the foam into a daughter, and Nature was the midwife — coming up with the goddess there was that embroidered strap which ran round her loins like a belt, set about the queen’s body in a girdle of itself. Then the goddess, moving through the water along the quiet shore, ran out, not to Paphos, not to Byblos, set no foot on land by the dry beach of Colias, even passed by Cythera’s city itself with quicker circuit : aye, she rubbed her skin with bunches of seaweed and made it purpler still ; paddling with her hands she cleft the birthwaters of the waveless deep, and swam ; resting her bosom upon the sea she struck up the silent brine, marking it with her feet, and kept her body afloat, and as she cut through the calm, pushed the water behind her with successive thrusts of her feet, and emerged at Beroe. Those footsteps of the goddess coming out from the sea are all lies of the people of Cyprus.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.