Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 42.196–321: Book 42: Pan's advice and Dionysos' failed wooing

Dionysos confides in the lovesick Pan, who advises him to feign modesty and indifference, praise Beroe's beauty above the goddesses', and win her by hints and silent gestures. Dionysos tries to woo her with words about vines, fields and harvest and offers to be her labourer, but she answers nothing. He then takes her hunting-net and pretends to admire it.

Lines 42.196–321 · 1313 words · click a number to copy its link
196ὀψὲ δὲ μαστεύων γλυκὺ φάρμακον εἰς Ἀφροδίτην Κυπριδίην ἄγρυπνον ἑὴν ἀνέφαινεν ἀνάγκην, καὶ βουλὴν ἐρέεινεν, ἀλεξήτειραν Ἐρώτων. 200καὶ καμάτους Βάκχοιο πυριπνείοντας ἀκούων Πὰν κερόεις ἐγέλασσε, κατεκλάσθη δὲ μενοινῇ οἰκτείρων δυσέρωτα δυσίμερος· εἶπε δὲ βουλὴν Κυπριδίην· ὀλίγην δὲ παραίφασιν εἶχεν Ἐρώτων ἄλλον ἰδὼν φλεχθέντα μιῆς σπινθῆρι φαρέτρης·

At length, seeking a sweet medicine for love, he disclosed to bushybreasted Pan in words full of passion the unsleeping constraint of his desire, and craved advice to defend him against love. Horned Pan laughed aloud, when he heard the firebreathing torments of Bacchos, but, a luckless lover himself, heartbroken he pitied one unhappy in love, and gave him love-advice ; it was a small alleviation of his own love to see another burnt with a spark from the same quiver :

205Ξυνὰ παθών, φίλε Βάκχε, τεὰς ᾤκτειρα μερίμνας· καὶ σὲ πόθεν νίκησεν Ἔρως θρασύς; εἰ θέμις εἰπεῖν, εἰς ἐμὲ καὶ Διόνυσον Ἔρως ἐκένωσε φαρέτρην. ἀλλὰ πόθου δολίοιο πολύτροπον ἦθος ἐνίψω.

“We are companions in suffering, friend Bacchos, and I pity your feelings. How comes it that bold Love has conquered you too ? If I dare to say so, Eros has emptied his quiver on me and Dionysos ! But I will tell you the multifarious ways of deception in love.

209πᾶσα γυνὴ ποθέει πλέον ἀνέρος, αἰδομένη δὲ 210κεύθει κέντρον Ἔρωτος ἐρωμανέουσα καὶ αὐτή, καὶ μογέει πολὺ μᾶλλον, ἐπεὶ σπινθῆρες Ἐρώτων θερμότεροι γεγάασιν, ὅτε κρύπτουσι γυναῖκες ἐνδόμυχον πραπίδεσσι πεπαρμένον ἰὸν Ἐρώτων. καὶ γὰρ ὅτʼ ἀλλήλῃσι πόθων ἐνέπουσιν ἀνάγκην, 215λυσιπόνοις ὀάροισιν ὑποκλέπτουσι μερίμνας Κυπριδίας. σὺ δέ, Βάκχε, τεῶν ὀχετηγὸν Ἐρώτων μιμηλῆς ἐρύθημα φέρων ἀπατήλιον αἰδοῦς. οἷα σαοφρονέουσαν ἔχων ἀγέλαστον ὀπωπήν, ὡς ἀέκων Βερόης σχεδὸν ἵστασο· καὶ λίνα πάλλων 220θαύματι μὲν δολίῳ ῥοδοειδέα δέρκεο κούρην, κάλλος ἐπαινήσας, ὅτι τηλίκον οὐ λάχεν Ἥρη, πεπταμένῃ δὲ μέτωπον ἀφειδέι χειρὶ πατάξας ψευδαλέον σέο θάμβος ἐχέφρονι δείκνυε σιγῇ καὶ Χάριτας κίκλησκε χερείονας, ἀμφοτέρων δὲ 225μορφῇ μῶμον ἄναπτε, καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ Ἀθήνης, καὶ Βερόην ἀγόρευε φαεινοτέρην Ἀφροδίτης· κούρη δʼ εἰσαΐουσα τεὴν ψευδήμονα μομφὴν αἴνῳ τερπομένη πλέον ἵσταται· οὐκ ἐθέλει γὰρ ὄλβον ὅλον χρύσειον, ὅσον ῥοδέης περὶ μορφῆς 230εἰσαΐειν, ὅτι κάλλος ὑπέρβαλεν ἥλικος ἥβης. παρθενικὴν δʼ ἐς ἔρωτα νοήμονι θέλγε σιωπῇ, κινυμένων βλεφάρων ἀντώπια νεύματα πέμπων· ἀλλὰ φόβος μεθέπει σε σαόφρονος ἐγγύθι κούρης· εἰπέ, τί σοὶ ῥέξει μία παρθένος; οὐ δόρυ πάλλει, 235οὐ ῥοδέῃ παλάμῃ τανύει βέλος· ἔγχεα κούρης ὀφθαλμοὶ γεγάασιν ἀκοντιστῆρες Ἐρώτων, παρθενικῆς δὲ βέλεμνα ῥοδώπιδές εἰσι παρειαί. ἕδνα δὲ σοῖο πόθοιο, τεῆς κειμήλια νύμφης, μὴ λίθον Ἰνδῴην, μὴ μάργαρα χειρὶ τινάξῃς, 240οἷα γυναιμανέοντι πέλει θέμις· εἰς Παφίην γὰρ ἀμφιέπεις τεὸν εἶδος ἐπάρκιον, εὐαφέος δὲ κάλλεος ἱμείρουσι καὶ οὐ χρυσοῖο γυναῖκες.

“Every woman has greater desire than the man, but shamefast she hides the sting of love, though mad for love herself ; and she suffers much more, since the sparks of love become hotter when women conceal in their bosoms the piercing arrow of love. Indeed, when they tell each other of the force of desire, their gossip is meant to soothe the pain and deceive their voluptuous longings. And you, Bacchos, must wear a deceptive blush of pretended shame to carry your love along. You must keep an unsmiling countenance as if through modesty, and stand beside Beroe as if by mere chance. Hold your nets in hand, and look at the rosy girl with pretended amazement, praising her beauty ; say that not Hera has the like, call the Graces less fair, find fault with the good looks of both Artemis and Athena, tell Beroe she is more brilliant than Aphrodite. Then the girl when she hears your feigned faultfinding, stands there more delighted with your praise ; more than mountains of gold she would hear about her rosy comeliness, how her beauty surpasses all the friends of her youth. Charm the maiden to love with a meaning silence. Let your eyelids move, send wink and beck towards her. Open your hand and slap your brow without mercy, and show your feigned amazement by prudent silence. You will say, fear restrains you in the presence of a modest maid ; tell me, what will a lonely girl do to you ? She shakes no spear, she draws no shaft with that rosy hand ; the girl’s weapons are those eyes which shoot love, her batteries are those rose-red girlish cheeks. For lovegifts to be treasures for your bride, do not display the Indian jewel, or pearls, as is the way of mad lovers ; for to get love, your own handsome shape is enough — to touch your beautiful body is what women want, not gold !

243μαρτυρίης ἑτέρης οὐ δεύομαι· ἁβροκόμου γὰρ ποῖα παρʼ Ἐνδυμίωνος ἐδέξατο δῶρα Σελήνη; 245Κύπριδι ποῖον Ἄδωνις ἐδείκνυεν ἕδνον Ἐρώτων; ἄργυρον Ὠρίων οὐκ ὤπασεν ἠριγενείῃ· οὐ Κέφαλος πόρεν ὄλβον ἐπήρατον· ἀλλʼ ἄρα μοῦνος χωλὸς ἐὼν Ἥφαιστος ἀθελγέος εἵνεκα μορφῆς ὤπασε ποικίλα δῶρα, καὶ οὐ παρέπεισεν Ἀθήνην· 250οὐ πέλεκυς χραίσμησε λεχώιος· ἀλλὰ θεαίνης

“I need no other testimony — what gifts did Selene take from softhaired Endymion ? What love-gift did Adonis produce for Cypris ? Orion gave no silver to Dawn ; Cephalos provided no delectable wealth ; but the only one it seems who did offer handsome gifts was Hephaistos, being lame, to make up for his unattractive looks, and then he failed to persuade Athena — his birthdelivering axe did not help him, but he missed the goddess he wanted.

251ἱμείρων ἀφάμαρτε. σὲ δὲ ζυγίων ὑμεναίων φέρτερον, ἢν ἐθέλῃς, θελκτήριον ἄλλο διδάξω· βάρβιτα χειρὶ λίγαινε, τεῆς ἀναθήματα Ῥείης, Κύπριδος ἁβρὸν ἄγαλμα παροίνιον· ἀμφοτέροις δὲ 255πλήκτροις καὶ στομάτεσσι χέων ἑτερόθροον ἠχώ. δάφνην πρῶτον ἄειδε καὶ ἀσταθέος δρόμον Ἠχοῦς καὶ κτύπον ὑστερόφωνον ἀσιγήτοιο θεαίνης, ὅττι θεοὺς ποθέοντας ἀπέστυγον· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴν μέλπε Πίτυν φυγόδεμνον, ὀρειάσι σύνδρομον αὔραις, 260Πανὸς ἀλυσκάζουσαν ἀνυμφεύτους ὑμεναίους· μέλπε μόρον φθιμένης αὐτόχθονα· μέμφεο γαίῃ. καὶ τάχα δακρύσειε γοήμονος ἄλγεα νύμφης καὶ μόρον οἰκτείρουσα· σὺ δὲ φρένα τέρπεο σιγῇ μυρομένης ὁρόων μελιηδέα δάκρυα κούρης· 265οὐδὲ γέλως πέλε τοῖος, ἐπεὶ πλέον οἴνοπι μορφῇ ἱμερταὶ γεγάασιν, ὅτε στενάχουσι γυναῖκες. μέλψον ἐρωμανέουσαν ἐπʼ Ἐνδυμίωνι Σελήνην, μέλπε γάμον χαρίεντος Ἀδώνιδος, εἰπὲ καὶ αὐτὴν αὐχμηρὴν ἀπέδιλον ἀλωομένην Ἀφροδίτην, 270νυμφίον ἰχνεύουσαν ὀρίδρομον· οὐδέ σε φεύγει πατρῴων ἀίουσα μελίφρονα θεσμὸν Ἐρώτων. σοὶ μὲν ἐγὼ τάδε πάντα, δυσίμερε Βάκχε, πιφαύσκω· ἀλλά με καὶ σὺ δίδαξον ἐμῆς θελκτήριον Ἠχοῦς.

“But there is a stronger charm for wedded union, which I will teach you if you like. Twang the lyre which was dedicated to your Rheia, the delicate treasure of Cypris beside the winecup. Pour out the varied sounds together, voice and striker ! Sing first Daphne, sing the erratic course of Echo, and the answering note of the goddess who never fails to speak, for these two despised the desire of gods. Yes, and sing also of Pitys who hated marriage, who fled fast as the wind over the mountains to escape the unlawful wooing of Pan, and her fate — how she disappeared into the soil herself ; put the blame on the Earth ! Then she may perhaps lament the sorrows and the fate of the wailing nymph ; but you must let your heart rejoice in silence, as you see the honeysweet tears of the sorrowing maid. No laugh was ever like that, since women become more desirable with that ruddy flush when they mourn. Sing Selene madly in love with Endymion, sing the wedding of graceful Adonis, sing Aphrodite herself wandering dusty and unshod, and tracking her bridegroom over the hills. Beroe will not run away from you when she hears the honeyhearted lovestories of her home. There you have all I can tell you, Bacchos, for your unhappy love ! Now you tell me something to charm my Echo.”

274ὣς εἰπὼν ἀπέπεμπε γεγηθότα παῖδα Θυώνης. 275καί ποτε νηπιάχοισιν ἐν ἤθεσιν εἴρετο κούρη υἷα Διὸς παρεόντα, τίς ἔπλετο καὶ τίνος εἴη· καὶ πρόφασιν μόγις εὗρε παρὰ προθύροις Ἀφροδίτης ὄρχατον ἀμπελόεντα καὶ ὄμπνια λήια γαίης καὶ δροσερὸν λειμῶνα καὶ αἰόλα δένδρα δοκεύων 280ἤθεσι κερδαλέοισι· καί, οἷά τε γηπόνος ἀνήρ, ἀμφὶ γάμου τινὰ μῦθον ἀσημάντῳ φάτο φωνῇ·

Having said his say, he dismissed the son of Thyone comforted. Then Dionysos put on a serious look, the trickster ! and questioned the maiden about her father Adonis, as a friend of his, as a fellow-hunter among the hills. She stood still, he brought a longing hand near her breast, and stroked her belt as if not thinking what he did : but touching her breast, the lovesick god’s right hand grew numb. Once in her childlike way, the girl asked the son of Zeus beside her who he was and who was his father. With much ado he found an excuse, when he saw before the portals of Aphrodite the vineyard and the bounteous harvest of the land, the dewy meadow and all the trees ; and in the cunning of his mind, he made as if he were a farm-labourer and spoke of wedding in words that meant more than they said :

282Εἰμὶ τεοῦ Λιβάνοιο γεωμόρος· ἢν ἐθελήσῃς, ἀρδεύω σέο γαῖαν, ἐγὼ σέο καρπὸν ἀέξω. ὡράων πισύρων νοέω δρόμον· ἱσταμένην δὲ 285νύσσαν ὀπιπεύων φθινοπωρίδα τοῦτο βοήσω· Σκορπίος ἀντέλλει βιοτήσιος, ἔστι δὲ κῆρυξ αὔλακος εὐκάρποιο· βόας ζεύξωμεν ἀρότρῳ. Πληιάδες δύνουσι· πότε σπείρωμεν ἀρούρας; αὔλακες ὠδίνουσιν, ὅτε δρόσος εἰς χθόνα πίπτει 290αὐομένην Φαέθοντι. καὶ Ἀρκάδος ἐγγὺς Ἁμάξης χείματος ὀμβρήσαντος ἰδὼν Ἀρκτοῦρον ἐνίψω· διψαλέη ποτὲ γαῖα Διὸς νυμφεύεται ὄμβρῳ. εἴαρος ἀντέλλοντος ἑώιος εἰς σὲ βοήσω· ἄνθεα σεῖο τέθηλε· πότε κρίνα καὶ ῥόδα τίλλω; 295καὶ σταφυλὴν ὁρόων θέρεος παρεόντος ἐνίψω· ἄμπελος ἡβώουσα πεπαίνεται ἄμμορος ἅρπης· παρθένε, σύγγονος ἦλθε· πότε τρυγόωμεν ὀπώρην; σὸς στάχυς ἠέξητο καὶ ἀμητοῖο χατίζει· λήιον ἀμήσω σταχυηφόρον, ἀντὶ δὲ Δηοῦς 300μητρὶ τεῇ ῥέξαιμι θαλύσια Κυπρογενείῃ. ἠνίδε, πῶς ὑάκινθος ἐπέτρεχε γείτονι μύρτῳ, πῶς γελάᾳ νάρκισσος ἐπιθρῴσκων ἀνεμώνῃ.

“I am a countryman of your Lebanon. If it is your pleasure, I will water your land, I will grow your corn. I understand the course of the four Seasons. When I see the limit of autumn is here, I will call aloud — Scorpion is rising with his bounteous plenty, he is the herald of a fruitful furrow, let us yoke oxen to the plow. The Pleiads are setting : when shall we sow the fields ? The furrows are teeming, when the dew falls on land parched by Phaethon.’ ” And in the showers of winter when I see Arcturos close to the Arcadian wain, I will exclaim — At last thirsty Earth is wedded with the showers of Zeus.’ As the spring rises up, I will cry out in the morning — ‘Your flowers are blooming, when shall I pluck Lilies and roses ? Just look how the iris has run over the neighbouring myrtle, how narcissus laughs as he leaps on anemone ! ’ And when I see the grapes of summer before me I will cry — ‘The vine is in her prime, ripening without the sickle : Maiden, your sister has come — when shall we gather the grapes ? Your wheatear is grown big and wants the harvest ; I will reap the crop of corn-ears, and I will celebrate harvest home for your mother the Cyprus - born instead of Deo.’

303δέξο δὲ γειοπόνον με τεῆς ὑποεργὸν ἀλωῆς· ὑμετέρης με κόμισσε φυτηκόμον ἀφρογενείης, 305ὄφρα φυτὸν πήξαιμι φερέσβιον, ἡμερίδων δὲ ὄμφακα γινώσκω νεοθηλέα χερσὶν ἀφάσσων. οἶδα, πόθεν ποτὲ μῆλα πεπαίνεται· οἶδα φυτεῦσαι καὶ πτελέην τανύφυλλον ἐρειδομένην κυπαρίσσῳ· ἄρσενα καὶ φοίνικα γεγηθότα θήλεϊ μίσγω, 310καὶ κρόκον, ἢν ἐθέλῃς, παρὰ μίλακι καλὸν ἀέξω. μή μοι χρυσὸν ἄγοις κομιδῆς χάριν· οὐ χρέος ὄλβου·

“Accept me as your labourer to help on your fertile lands. Take me as planter for your Foamborn, that I may plant that lifebringing tree, that I may detect the half-ripe berry of the tame vine and feel the newgrowing bud. I know how apples ripen ; I know how to plant the widespreading elm too, leaning against the cypress. I can join the male palm happily with the female, and make pretty saffron, if you like, grow beside bindweed. Don’t offer me gold for my keep ; I have no need of wealth — my wages will be two apples and one bunch of grapes of one vintage.”

312μισθὸν ἔχω δύο μῆλα, μιῆς ἕνα βότρυν ὀπώρης. τοῖα μάτην ἀγόρευε, καὶ οὐκ ἠμείβετο κούρη Βάκχου μὴ νοέουσα γυναιμανέος στίχα μύθων.

All this he said in vain ; the girl answered nothing, for she understood nothing of the mad lover’s long speech.

315ἀλλὰ δόλῳ δόλον ἄλλον ἐπέφραδεν Εἰραφιώτης· καὶ Βερόης ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἐδέχνυτο δίκτυα θήρης οἷά τε θαμβήσας τεχνήμονα, πυκνὰ δὲ σείων εἰς χρόνον ἀμφελέλιζε, καὶ εἴρετο πολλάκι κούρην· Τίς θεὸς ἔντεα ταῦτα, τίς οὐρανίη κάμε τέχνη; 320τίς κάμε; καὶ γὰρ ἄπιστον ἔχω νόον, ὅττι τελέσσει ζηλομανὴς Ἥφαιστος Ἀδώνιδι τεύχεα θήρης.

But Eiraphiotes thought of trick after trick. He took the hunting-net from Beroe’s hands and pretended to admire the clever work, shaking it round and round for some time and asking the girl many questions — “What god made this gear, what heavenly art ? Who made it ? Indeed I cannot believe that Hephaistos mad with jealousy made hunting-gear for Adonis !

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.