Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 44.253–318: Book 44: The Furies and Dionysos drive the Theban women to the mountain

Persephone sends a Fury who sprinkles water of Styx and Cocytos over Agaue's rooms and buries the knife of Procne under a fir tree on Cithaeron, smearing it with Gorgon's blood. Dionysos, wearing a bull's head, enters the palace and drives the women mad. He calls to Autonoe with a false tale that her son Actaeon lives and is the lover of Artemis, urging her to run to the mountains.

Lines 44.253–318 · 598 words · click a number to copy its link
253τοῖον ἔπος Βρομίῳ χρυσήνιος ἴαχε δαίμων. ὄφρα μὲν εἰσέτι Βάκχος ὁμίλεε κυκλάδι Μήνῃ, 255τόφρα δὲ καὶ Ζαγρῆι χαριζομένη Διονύσῳ Περσεφόνη θώρηξεν Ἐρινύας, ἀχνυμένη δὲ ὀψιγόνῳ χραίσμησε κασιγνήτῳ Διονύσῳ.

Such was the answer of the goldenrein deity to Bromios. But while Bacchos yet conversed with circling Mene, even then Persephone was arming her Furies for the pleasure of Dionysos Zagreus, and in wrath helping Dionysos his later born brother.

258αἱ δὲ Διὸς χθονίοιο δυσάντεϊ νεύματι κόρσης εὐμενίδες Πενθῆος ἐπεστρατόωντο μελάθρῳ, 260ὧν ἡ μὲν ζοφεροῖο διαθρῴσκουσα βερέθρου Ταρταρίην ἐλέλιζεν ἐχιδνήεσσαν ἱμάσθλην, Κωκυτοῦ δὲ ῥέεθρον ἀρύετο καὶ Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, καὶ χθονίῃ ῥαθάμιγγι δόμους ἔρραινεν Ἀγαύης . . . οἷα προθεσπίζοντα γόον καὶ δάκρυα Θήβης· 265Ἀκταίην δὲ μάχαιραν ἀπʼ Ἀτθίδος ἤγαγε δαίμων, ἀρχαίην Ἰτύλοιο μιαιφόνον, ᾗ ποτε μήτηρ Πρόκνη θυμολέαινα σὺν ἀνδροφόνῳ Φιλομήλῃ τηλυγέτην ὠδῖνα διατμήξασα σιδήρῳ παιδοβόρῳ Τηρῆι φίλην δαιτρεύσατο φορβήν· 270κείνην χειρὶ φέρουσα φόνων ὀχετηγὸν Ἐρινὺς ἀρχεκάκοις ὀνύχεσσι διαγλύψασα κονίην Ἀττικὸν ἔκρυφεν ἆορ ὀρεσσιφύτῳ παρὰ ῥίζῃ μηκεδανῆς ἐλάτης, ᾗ Μαινάδες, ὁππόθι Πενθεὺς μέλλε θανεῖν ἀκάρηνος· ἐπαμήσασα δὲ κόχλῳ 275Γοργόνος ἀρτιφόνοιο νεόρρυτον αἷμα Μεδούσης πορφυρέαις ἔχρισε Λιβυστίσι δένδρον ἐέρσαις. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν σκοπέλοις τεχνήσατο μαινὰς Ἐρινύς.

Then at the grim nod of Underworld Zeus, the Furies assailed the palace of Pentheus. One leapt out of the gloomy pit swinging her Tartarean whip of vipers ; she drew a stream from Cocytos and water from Styx, and drenched Agaue’s rooms with the infernal drops as if with a prophecy of tears and groanings for Thebes ; and the deity brought that Attic knife from Attica, which long before murdered Itylos, when his mother Procne with heart like a lioness, helped by murderous Philomele, cut with steel the throat of the beloved child of her womb, and served up his own son for cannibal Tereus to eat. This knife, the channel of bloodshed, the Fury held, and scratching up the dust with her pernicious fingernails she buried the Attic blade among the hillgrown roots of a tall fir, among the Mainads, where Pentheus was to die headless. She brought the blood of Gorgon Medusa, scraped off into a shell fresh when she was newly slain, and smeared the tree with the crimson Libyan drops. This is what the mad Fury did in the mountains.

278ὀρφναίοις δὲ πόδεσσι δόμων ἐπεβήσατο Κάδμου νυκτιφαὴς Διόνυσος ἔχων ταυρώπιδα μορφήν, 280αἰθύσσων Κρονίην μανιώδεα Πανὸς ἱμάσθλην· βακχεύσας δʼ ἀχάλινον Ἀρισταίοιο γυναῖκα Αὐτονόην ἐκάλεσσε, καὶ ἴαχε θυιάδι φωνῇ·

Now with darkling steps night-illuminating Dionysos entered the palace of Cadmos, wearing the head of a bull, cracking Pan’s Cronian whip of madness, and put madness into the unbridled wife of Aristaios. He called Autonoe and cried in wild tones —

283Ὀλβίη, Αὐτονόη, Σεμέλης πλέον· ἀρτιγάμου γὰρ υἱέος εἰς ὑμέναιον ἐριδμαίνεις καὶ Ὀλύμπῳ· 285αἰθέρος ἥρπασας εὖχος, ἐπεὶ λάχεν ἁβρὸν ἀκοίτην Ἄρτεμις Ἀκταίωνα καὶ Ἐνδυμίωνα Σελήνη. οὐ θάνεν Ἀκταίων, οὐκ ἔλλαχε θηρὸς ὀπωπήν, οὐ στικτῆς ἐλάφοιο τανυγλώχινα κεραίην, οὐ νόθον εἶδος ἔδεκτο, καὶ οὐκ ἐψεύσατο μορφήν, 290οὐ κύνας ἀγρευτῆρας ἑοὺς ἐνόησε φονῆας· ἀλλὰ κακογλώσσων στομάτων κενεόφρονι μύθῳ υἱέος ὑμετέροιο μόρον ψεύσαντο βοτῆρες, νυμφίον ἐχθαίροντες ἀνυμφεύτοιο θεαίνης. οἶδα, πόθεν δόλος οὗτος· ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίοις ὑμεναίοις 295εἰς γάμον, εἰς Παφίην ζηλήμονές εἰσι γυναῖκες. ἀλλὰ θυελλήεντι διαθρῴσκουσα πεδίλῳ σπεῦδε μολεῖν ἀκίχητος ἐς οὔρεα· κεῖθι μολοῦσα ὄψεαι Ἀκταίωνα συναγρώσσοντα Λυαίῳ, Ἄρτεμιν ἐγγὺς ἔχοντα, καὶ αἰόλα δίκτυα θήρης 300ἐνδρομίδας φορέοντα, καὶ ἀμφαφόωντα φαρέτρην. ὀλβίη, Αὐτονόη, Σεμέλης πλέον, ὅττι θεαίνης εἰς γάμον ἐρχομένης ἑκυρὴ πέλες ἰοχεαίρης· Ἰνοῦς καλλιτόκοιο μακαρτέρη, ὅττι θεαίνης σὸς πάις ἔλλαχε λέκτρα, τὰ μὴ λάχεν Ὦτος ἀγήνωρ. 305οὐ θρασὺς Ὠρίων πέλε νυμφίος ἰοχεαίρης. χάρματι δʼ ἡβήσας σέθεν υἱέος εἵνεκα νύμφης κωμάζει σέο Κάδμος ὀρεσσαύλῳ παρὰ παστῷ, σείων ἠερίοις ἀνέμοις χιονώδεα χαίτην. ἔγρεο, καὶ σὺ γένοιο γαμοστόλος, εὔλοχε μήτηρ· 310ἅρμενος οὗτος Ἔρως, ὅτι νυμφίον Ἄρτεμις ἁγνὴ υἷα κασιγνήτοιο καὶ οὐ ξένον εἶχεν ἀκοίτην. ἀλλὰ θεὰ φυγόδεμνος ἐπήν ποτε παῖδα λοχεύσῃ, υἱέα κουφίζουσα σαόφρονος ἰοχεαίρης πήχεϊ παιδοκόμῳ ζηλήμονι δεῖξον Ἀγαύῃ. 315τίς νέμεσίς ποτε τοῦτο, κυνοσσόος εἰ παρὰ παστῷ ἤθελε θηρητῆρα λαγωβόλον υἷα λοχεῦσαι, εἴκελον Ἀκταίωνι φιλοσκοπέλῳ τε Κυρήνῃ, μητρῴων ἐλάφων ἐποχημένον ὠκέι δίφρῳ;

Autonoe, happier far than Semele — for by your son’s late marriage you can rival Olympos itself! You have seized the honours of the skies, now Artemis has got Actaion for her dainty leman, and Selene Endymion ! Actaion never died, he never took the shape of a wild creature, he had no antlered horn of a dappled deer, no bastard shape, no false body, he saw no hounds hunting and killing him. No, these were all herdsmen’s lies, empty-minded fables of malicious tongues about your son’s fate, because they hated the bridegroom of an unwedded goddess. I know where this invention came from : women are jealous about marriage and love in others. Come, leap up with stormy shoe ! Make haste, speed into the mountains ! There you shall see Actaion beside Lyaios on the hunt, with Artemis not far off, woven nets in his hands and hunting-boots on his feet, fingering his quiver. Happier far than Semele, Autonoe ! for a goddess came to you for marriage, a goddess became your gooddaughter, the Archeress herself ! More blessed than that mother Ino proud of her son, for your son got the bed of a goddess, which proud Otos never got. Bold Orion was never bridegroom of the Archeress. Your Cadmos is young again with joy for your son’s bride, and holds revel beside their bridal bed in the mountains, with his snowy hair fluttering in the airy breeze. Wake up, and make one in the marriage company, happy mother ! This is a proper love, for holy Artemis has a brother’s son for bridegroom, not a stranger husband. And when the goddess who hated marriage brings forth a child, you shall dandle the son of the chaste Archeress in your cherishing arms and make Agaue jealous at the sight ! Why should not the huntress be pleased to bear a son in her bridal chamber, a hunter himself and a marksman, like Actaion, or Cyrene who loved the mountains, and let him ride behind his mother’s team of swift deer .”

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.