Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 40.298–365: Book 40: Dionysos in Tyre, the city of Cadmos

Travelling through Assyria, Dionysos admires the woven and purple-dyed stuffs of the region and comes to Tyre, the country of Cadmos. He sees the palace, the chamber from which Europa was carried off, and the ancient fountains of Abarbarea, Callirhoe and Drosera that spring up in the earth.

Lines 40.298–365 · 673 words · click a number to copy its link
298Ἀρραβίης δὲ τένοντα βαθύσκιον ἄλσος ἐάσας ἀτραπὸν Ἀσσυρίην διεμέτρεε πεζὸς ὁδίτης, 300καὶ Τυρίων μενέαινεν ἰδεῖν χθόνα πατρίδα Κάδμου· κεῖθι γὰρ ἴχνος ἔκαμψε, καὶ ἄσπετα πέπλα δοκεύων θάμβεεν Ἀσσυρίης ἑτερόχροα δαίδαλα τέχνης, ἄργυφον εἰσορόων Βαβυλωνίδος ἔργον Ἀράχνης· καὶ Τυρίῃ σκοπίαζε δεδευμένα φάρεα κόχλῳ, 305πορφυρέους σπινθῆρας ἀκοντίζοντα θαλάσσης, ἧχι κύων ἁλιεργὸς ἐπʼ αἰγιαλοῖσιν ἐρέπτων ἐνδόμυχον χαροπῇσι γενειάσι θέσκελον ἰχθὺν χιονέας πόρφυρε παρηίδας αἵματι κόχλου, χείλεα φοινίξας διερῷ πυρί, τῷ ποτε μούνῳ 310φαιδρὸν ἁλιχλαίνων ἐρυθαίνετο φᾶρος ἀνάκτων.

Leaving the long stretch of Arabia with its deep-shadowy forests he measured the Assyrian road on foot, and had a mind to see the Tyrian land, Cadmos’s country ; for thither he turned his tracks, and with stuffs in thousands before his eyes he admired the manycoloured patterns of Assyrian art, as he stared at the woven work of the Babylonian Arachne ; he examined cloth dyed with the Tyrian shell, shooting out sea-sparklings of purple : on that shore once a dog busy by the sea, gobbling the wonderful lurking fish with joyous jaws, stained his white jowl with the blood of the shell, and reddened his lips with running fire, which once alone made scarlet the sea-dyed robes of kings.”

311καὶ πόλιν ἀθρήσας ἐπεγήθεεν, ἣν ἐνοσίχθων οὐ διερῷ μίτρωσεν ὅλῳ ζωστῆρι θαλάσσης, ἀλλὰ τύπον λάχε τοῖον Ὀλύμπιον, οἷον ὑφαίνει ἀγχιτελὴς λείπουσα μιῇ γλωχῖνι σελήνη. 315καί οἱ ὀπιπεύοντι μέσην χθόνα σύζυγον ἅλμῃ διπλόον ἔλλαχε θάμβος, ἐπεὶ Τύρος εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται εἰς χθόνα μοιρηθεῖσα, συναπτομένη δὲ θαλάσσῃ τριχθαδίαις λαγόνεσσι μίαν ξυνώσατο μίτρην· νηχομένῃ δʼ ἀτίνακτος ὁμοίιος ἔπλετο κούρῃ, 320καὶ κεφαλὴν καὶ στέρνα καὶ αὐχένα δῶκε θαλάσσῃ, χεῖρας ἐφαπλώσασα μέση διδυμάονι πόντῳ, γείτονι λευκαίνουσα θαλασσαίῳ δέμας ἀφρῷ, καὶ πόδας ἀμφοτέρους ἐπερείσατο μητέρι γαίῃ. καὶ πόλιν ἐννοσίγαιος ἔχων ἀστεμφέι δεσμῷ 325νυμφίος ὑδατόεις περινήχεται, οἷα συνάπτων πήχεϊ παφλάζοντι περίπλοκον αὐχένα νύμφης.

He was delighted to see that city, which Earthshaker surrounded with a Liquid girdle of sea, not wholly, but it got the shape which the moon weaves in the sky when she is almost full, falling short of fullness by one point. And when he saw the mainland joined to the brine, he felt a double wonder, since Tyre lies in the brine, having her own share in the land but joined with the sea which has joined one girdle with the three sides together. Unshakable, it is like a swimming girl, who gives to the sea head and breast and neck, stretching her arms between under the two waters, and her body whitened with foam from the sea beside her, while she rests both feet on mother earth. And Earthshaker holding the city in a firm bond floats all about like a watery bridegroom, as if embracing the neck of his bride in a splashing arm.

327καὶ Τύρον εἰσέτι Βάκχος ἐθάμβεε, τῇ ἔνι μούνῃ βουκόλος ἀγχικέλευθος ὁμίλεε γείτονι ναύτῃ συρίζων παρὰ θῖνα, καὶ αἰπόλος ἰχθυβολῆι 330δίκτυον αὖ ἐρύοντι, καὶ ἀντιτύποισιν ἐρετμοῖς σχιζομένων ὑδάτων ἐχαράσσετο βῶλος ἀρότρῳ· εἰναλίης δʼ ὀάριζον ὁμήλυδες ἐγγύθι λόχμης ποιμένες . . . ὑλοτόμοισι, καὶ ἔβρεμεν εἰν ἑνὶ χώρῳ φλοῖσβος ἁλός, μύκημα βοῶν, ψιθύρισμα πετήλων, 335πεῖσμα, φυτόν, πλόος, ἄλσος, ὕδωρ, νέες, ὁλκάς, ἐχέτλη, μῆλα, δόναξ, δρεπάνη, σκαφίδες, λίνα, λαίφεα, θώρηξ. καὶ τάδε παπταίνων πολυθαμβέα ῥήξατο φωνήν·

Still more Bacchos admired the city of Tyre ; where alone the herdsman’s way was near the fisherman, and he kept company with his piping along the shore, and goatherd with fisher again when he drew his net, and the glebe was cleft by the plow while opposite the oars were cutting the waters. Shepherds near the seaside woods gossiped in company [with boatmen, fisher with] woodmen, and in one place was the loud noise of the sea, the lowing of cattle, the whispering of leaves, rigging and trees, navigation and forest, water, ships, and lugger, plowtail, sheep, reeds, and sickle, boats, lines, sails, and corselet. As he surveyed all this, he thus expressed his wonder :

338Νῆσον ἐν ἠπείρῳ πόθεν ἔδρακον; εἰ θέμις εἰπεῖν, τηλίκον οὔ ποτε κάλλος ἐσέδρακον· ὑψιτενῆ γὰρ 340δένδρεα συρίζει παρὰ κύματα, Νηρεΐδος δὲ φθεγγομένης κατὰ πόντον Ἁμαδρυὰς ἐγγὺς ἀκούει, καὶ Τυρίοις πελάγεσσι καὶ ἀγχιάλοισιν ἀρούραις πνείων ἐκ Λιβάνοιο μεσημβρινὸς ἁβρὸς ἀήτης ἄσθματι καρποτόκῳ προχέει νηοσσόον αὔρην, 345ψύχων ἀγρονόμον καὶ ναυτίλον εἰς πλόον ἕλκων, καὶ χθονίην δρεπάνην βυθίῃ πελάσασα τριαίνῃ φθέγγεται ὑγρομέδοντι θαλυσιὰς ἐνθάδε Δηώ, κωφῆς ἄβροχον ἅρμα καθιππεύοντι γαλήνης, ἰθύνειν δρόμον ἶσον ὁμοζήλων ἐπὶ δίφρων, 350ὄμπνια μαστίζουσα μετάρσια νῶτα δρακόντων. ὦ πόλι πασιμέλουσα, τύπος χθονός, αἰθέρος εἰκών, συμφυέος τρίπλευρον ἔχεις τελαμῶνα θαλάσσης.

“How’s this — how do I see an island on the mainland ? If I may say so, never have I beheld such beauty. Lofty trees rustle beside the waves, the Nereid speaks on the deep and the Hamadryad hears hard by. A delicate breeze of the south breathes from Lebanon upon Tyrian seas and seaside plowland, pouring a breath of wind which fosters the corn and speeds the ships at once, cools the husbandman and draws the seaman to his voyage. Here harvesthome Deo brings the sickle of the land close to the trident of the deep, and speaks to the monarch of the wet, who drives his car unwetted upon the soundless calm, while she asks him to guide her rival car on the same course, and herself whips the bounteous backs of her aerial dragons. O world-famous city, image of the earth, picture of the sky ! You have a belt of sea grown into one with your three sides !

353ὣς εἰπὼν παράμειβε διʼ ἄστεος ὄμμα τιταίνων· καί οἱ ὀπιπεύοντι λιθογλώχινες ἀγυιαὶ 355μαρμαρυγὴν ἀνέφαινον ἀμοιβαίοιο μετάλλου· καὶ προγόνου δόμον εἶδεν Ἀγήνορος, ἔδρακεν αὐλὰς καὶ θάλαμον Κάδμοιο, καὶ ἁρπαμένης ποτὲ νύμφης Εὐρώπης ἀφύλακτον ἐδύσατο παρθενεῶνα, μνῆστιν ἔχων κερόεντος ἑοῦ Διός· ἀρχεγόνους δὲ 360πηγὰς θάμβεε μᾶλλον ὅπῃ χθονίου διὰ κόλπου νάματος ἐκχυμένου παλινάγρετον εἰς μίαν ὥρην χεύμασιν αὐτογόνοισι πολυτρεφὲς ἔβλυεν ὕδωρ· εἶδεν Ἀβαρβαρέης γόνιμον ῥόον, ἔδρακε πηγὴν Καλλιρόην ἐρόεσσαν ἐπώνυμον, εἶδε καὶ αὐτῆς 365ἁβρὸν ἐρευγομένης Δροσερῆς νυμφήιον ὕδωρ.

So he spoke, and wandered through the city casting his eyes about. He gazed at the streets paved with mosaic of stones and shining metals ; he saw the house of Agenor his ancestor, he saw the courtyards and the women’s apartments of Cadmos ; he entered the ill-guarded maiden chamber of Europe, the bride stolen long ago, and thought of his own horned Zeus. Still more he wondered at those primeval fountains, where a stream comes pouring out through the bosom of the earth, and after one hour plenty of water bubbles up again with flood self-produced. He saw the creative stream of Abarbaree, he saw the lovely fountain named after Callirhoe, he saw the bridal water of Drosera herself spouting daintily out.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.