Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 8.350–484: Zeus turns back Hera and Athena

Hera and Athena set out to help the Achaeans, but Zeus sends Iris to turn them back with the threat of lamed horses and a shattered car. Zeus returns to Olympus and tells the two goddesses that at dawn he will destroy more of the Argives and that Hector will not stop fighting until Achilles rises at the ships over the body of Patroclus. Hera refuses to be rebuked and says that she will not oppose him.

Lines 8.350–484 · 1536 words · click a number to copy its link
350τοὺς δὲ ἰδοῦσʼ ἐλέησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη, αἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος οὐκέτι νῶϊ ὀλλυμένων Δαναῶν κεκαδησόμεθʼ ὑστάτιόν περ; οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται 355ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς ῥιπῇ, ὃ δὲ μαίνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτῶς Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε. τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· καὶ λίην οὗτός γε μένος θυμόν τʼ ὀλέσειε χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων φθίμενος ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ· 360ἀλλὰ πατὴρ οὑμὸς φρεσὶ μαίνεται οὐκ ἀγαθῇσι σχέτλιος, αἰὲν ἀλιτρός, ἐμῶν μενέων ἀπερωεύς· οὐδέ τι τῶν μέμνηται, ὅ οἱ μάλα πολλάκις υἱὸν τειρόμενον σώεσκον ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων. ἤτοι ὃ μὲν κλαίεσκε πρὸς οὐρανόν, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ Ζεὺς 365τῷ ἐπαλεξήσουσαν ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν προΐαλλεν. εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδεʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσιν εὖτέ μιν εἰς Ἀΐδαο πυλάρταο προὔπεμψεν ἐξ Ἐρέβευς ἄξοντα κύνα στυγεροῦ Ἀΐδαο, οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα.

Now at sight of them the goddess, white-armed Hera, had pity; and forthwith spake winged words to Athene: Out upon it, thou child of Zeus that beareth the aegis, shall not we twain any more take thought of the Danaans that are perishing, even for this last time? Now will they fill up the measure of evil doom and perish before the onset of one single man, even of Hector, Priam's son, who now rageth past all bearing, and lo, hath wrought evils manifold. Then spake unto her the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene: Yea, verily, fain were I that this fellow lose strength and life, slain beneath the hands of the Argives in his own native land; howbeit mine own father rageth with evil mind, cruel that he is, ever froward, a thwarter of my purposes; neither hath he any memory of this, that full often I saved his son when he was fordone by reason of Eurystheus' tasks. For verily he would make lament toward heaven and from heaven would Zeus send me forth to succour him. Had I but known all this in wisdom of my heart when Eurystheus sent him forth to the house of Hades the Warder, to bring from out of Erebus the hound of loathed Hades, then had he not escaped the sheer-falling waters of Styx.

370νῦν δʼ ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξήνυσε βουλάς, ἥ οἱ γούνατʼ ἔκυσσε καὶ ἔλλαβε χειρὶ γενείου, λισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον. ἔσται μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε φίλην γλαυκώπιδα εἴπῃ. ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπέντυε μώνυχας ἵππους, 375ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ καταδῦσα Διὸς δόμον αἰγιόχοιο τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι ἢ νῶϊ Πριάμοιο πάϊς κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ γηθήσει προφανέντε ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας, ἦ τις καὶ Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς 380δημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι, πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη. ἣ μὲν ἐποιχομένη χρυσάμπυκας ἔντυεν ἵππους Ἥρη πρέσβα θεὰ θυγάτηρ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο· αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο 385πέπλον μὲν κατέχευεν ἑανὸν πατρὸς ἐπʼ οὔδει ποικίλον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὴ ποιήσατο καὶ κάμε χερσίν, ἣ δὲ χιτῶνʼ ἐνδῦσα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσετο δακρυόεντα.

Howbeit now Zeus hateth me, and hath brought to fulfillment the counsels of Thetis, that kissed his knees and with her hand clasped his chin, beseeching him to show honour to Achilles, sacker of cities. Verily the day shall come when he shall again call me his flashing-eyed darling. But now make thou ready for us twain our single-hooved horses, the while I enter into the palace of Zeus, that beareth the aegis, and array me in armour for battle, to the end that I may see whether Priam's son, Hector of the flashing helm, will rejoice when we twain appear to view along the dykes of battle. Nay of a surety many a one of the Trojans shall glut the dogs and birds with his fat and flesh, when he is fallen at the ships of the Achaeans. So spake she, and the goddess, white-armed Hera, failed not to hearken. She then went to and fro harnessing the horses of golden frontlets, even Hera, the queenly goddess, daughter of great Cronos; but Athene, daughter of Zeus that beareth the aegis, let fall upon her father's floor her soft robe, richly broidered, that herself had wrought and her hands had fashioned, and put on her the tunic of Zeus the cloud-gatherer, and arrayed her in armour for tearful war.

389ἐς δʼ ὄχεα φλόγεα ποσὶ βήσετο, λάζετο δʼ ἔγχος 390βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν, τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων, τοῖσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη. Ἥρη δὲ μάστιγι θοῶς ἐπεμαίετʼ ἄρʼ ἵππους· αὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι, τῇς ἐπιτέτραπται μέγας οὐρανὸς Οὔλυμπός τε 395ἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι πυκινὸν νέφος ἠδʼ ἐπιθεῖναι. τῇ ῥα διʼ αὐτάων κεντρηνεκέας ἔχον ἵππους. Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐπεὶ ἴδε χώσατʼ ἄρʼ αἰνῶς, Ἶριν δʼ ὄτρυνε χρυσόπτερον ἀγγελέουσαν· βάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, πάλιν τρέπε μηδʼ ἔα ἄντην 400ἔρχεσθʼ· οὐ γὰρ καλὰ συνοισόμεθα πτόλεμον δέ. ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται· γυιώσω μέν σφωϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, αὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέω κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξω· οὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς 405ἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, ἅ κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός· ὄφρα ἰδῇ γλαυκῶπις ὅτʼ ἂν ᾧ πατρὶ μάχηται. Ἥρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζομαι οὐδὲ χολοῦμαι· αἰεὶ γάρ μοι ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττί κεν εἴπω.

Then she stepped upon the flaming car and grasped her spear, heavy and huge and strong, wherewith she vanquisheth the ranks of men, of warriors with whom she is wroth, she the daughter of the mighty sire. And Hera swiftly touched the horses with the lash, and self-bidden groaned upon their hinges the gates of heaven, which the Hours had in their keeping, to whom are entrusted great heaven and Olympus, whether to throw open the thick cloud or shut it to. There through the gate they drave their horses patient of the goad. But when father Zeus saw them from Ida he waxed wondrous wroth, and sent forth golden-winged Iris to bear a message: Up, go, swift Iris; turn them back and suffer them not to come face to face with me, seeing it will be in no happy wise that we shall join in combat. For thus will I speak and verily this thing shall be brought to pass. I will maim their swift horses beneath the chariot, and themselves will I hurl from out the car, and will break in pieces the chariot; nor in the space of ten circling years shall they heal them of the wounds wherewith the thunderbolt shall smite them; that she of the flashing eyes may know what it is to strive against her own father. But against Hera have I not so great indignation nor wrath, seeing she is ever wont to thwart me in whatsoe'er I have decreed.

409ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα, 410βῆ δʼ ἐξ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον. πρώτῃσιν δὲ πύλῃσι πολυπτύχου Οὐλύμποιο ἀντομένη κατέρυκε, Διὸς δέ σφʼ ἔννεπε μῦθον· πῇ μέματον; τί σφῶϊν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μαίνεται ἦτορ; οὐκ ἐάᾳ Κρονίδης ἐπαμυνέμεν Ἀργείοισιν. 415ὧδε γὰρ ἠπείλησε Κρόνου πάϊς, ᾗ τελέει περ, γυιώσειν μὲν σφῶϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, αὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέειν κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξειν· οὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς ἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, ἅ κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός· 420ὄφρα ἰδῇς γλαυκῶπι ὅτʼ ἂν σῷ πατρὶ μάχηαι. Ἥρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζεται οὐδὲ χολοῦται· αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττι κεν εἴπῃ· ἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αἰνοτάτη κύον ἀδεὲς εἰ ἐτεόν γε τολμήσεις Διὸς ἄντα πελώριον ἔγχος ἀεῖραι. 425ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίην Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, οὐκέτʼ ἔγωγε νῶϊ ἐῶ Διὸς ἄντα βροτῶν ἕνεκα πτολεμίζειν· τῶν ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω, ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω, 430ὅς κε τύχῃ· κεῖνος δὲ τὰ ἃ φρονέων ἐνὶ θυμῷ Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι δικαζέτω, ὡς ἐπιεικές.

So spake he, and storm-footed Iris hasted to bear his message, and went forth from the mountains of Ida to high Olympus. And even at the entering-in of the gate of many-folded Olympus she met them and stayed them, and declared to them the saying of Zeus: Whither are ye twain hastening? Why is it that the hearts are mad within your breasts? The son of Cronos suffereth not that ye give succour to the Argives. For on this wise he threateneth, even as he will bring it to pass: he will maim your swift horses beneath your chariot, and yourselves will he hurl from out the car, and will break in pieces the chariot; nor in the space of ten circling years shall ye heal you of the wounds wherewith the thunderbolt shall smite you; that thou mayest know, thou of the flashing eyes, what it is to strive against thine own father. But against Hera hath he not so great indignation nor wrath, seeing she is ever wont to thwart him in whatsoe'er he hath decreed. But most dread art thou, thou bold and shameless thing, if in good sooth thou wilt dare to raise thy mighty spear against Zeus. When she had thus spoken swift-footed Iris departed; but Hera spake to Athene, saying: Out upon it, thou child of Zeus that beareth the aegis! I verily will no more suffer that we twain seek to wage war against Zeus for mortals' sake. Of them let one perish and another live, even as it may befall; and for him, let him take his own counsel in his heart and judge between Trojans and Danaans, as is meet.

432ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπε μώνυχας ἵππους· τῇσιν δʼ Ὧραι μὲν λῦσαν καλλίτριχας ἵππους, καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐπʼ ἀμβροσίῃσι κάπῃσιν, 435ἅρματα δʼ ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα· αὐταὶ δὲ χρυσέοισιν ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον μίγδʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι, φίλον τετιημέναι ἦτορ. Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους Οὔλυμπον δὲ δίωκε, θεῶν δʼ ἐξίκετο θώκους. 440τῷ δὲ καὶ ἵππους μὲν λῦσε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος, ἅρματα δʼ ἂμ βωμοῖσι τίθει κατὰ λῖτα πετάσσας· αὐτὸς δὲ χρύσειον ἐπὶ θρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς ἕζετο, τῷ δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετʼ Ὄλυμπος. αἳ δʼ οἶαι Διὸς ἀμφὶς Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη 445ἥσθην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο· αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε· τίφθʼ οὕτω τετίησθον Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη; οὐ μέν θην κάμετόν γε μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε. 450πάντως, οἷον ἐμόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρες ἄαπτοι, οὐκ ἄν με τρέψειαν ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ.

So spake she, and turned back her single-hooved horses. Then the Hours unyoked for them their fair-maned horses, and tethered them at their ambrosial mangers, and leaned the chariot against the bright entrance wall; and the goddesses sate them down upon golden thrones amid the other gods, with sore grief at heart. But father Zeus drave from Ida his well-wheeled chariot and his horses unto Olympus, and came to the session of the gods. And for him the famed Shaker of Earth both unyoked his horses and set the car upon a stand, and spread thereover a cloth; and Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, himself sat upon his throne of gold, and beneath his feet great Olympus quaked. Only Athene and Hera sat apart from Zeus, and spake no word to him nor made question. But he knew in his heart and spake, saying: Why are ye thus grieved, Athene and Hera? Surely ye twain be not grown weary with making havoc of the Trojans in battle, wherein men win glory, seeing ye cherish against them wondrous hate! Come what will, seeing I have such might and hands irresistible, all the gods that are in Olympus could not turn me; and for you twain, trembling gat hold of your glorious limbs or ever ye had sight of war and the grim deeds of war.

452σφῶϊν δὲ πρίν περ τρόμος ἔλλαβε φαίδιμα γυῖα πρὶν πόλεμόν τε ἰδεῖν πολέμοιό τε μέρμερα ἔργα. ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δέ κεν τετελεσμένον ἦεν· 455οὐκ ἂν ἐφʼ ὑμετέρων ὀχέων πληγέντε κεραυνῷ ἂψ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἵκεσθον, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτων ἕδος ἐστίν. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ἐπέμυξαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη· πλησίαι αἵ γʼ ἥσθην, κακὰ δὲ Τρώεσσι μεδέσθην. ἤτοι Ἀθηναίη ἀκέων ἦν οὐδέ τι εἶπε 460σκυζομένη Διὶ πατρί, χόλος δέ μιν ἄγριος ᾕρει· Ἥρῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔχαδε στῆθος χόλον, ἀλλὰ προσηύδα· αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες. εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν· ἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων, 465οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται. ἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ, εἰ σὺ κελεύεις· βουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει, ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο. τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· 470ἠοῦς δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη ὀλλύντʼ Ἀργείων πουλὺν στρατὸν αἰχμητάων· οὐ γὰρ πρὶν πολέμου ἀποπαύσεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ πρὶν ὄρθαι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα, 475ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἂν οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχωνται στείνει ἐν αἰνοτάτῳ περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος· ὣς γὰρ θέσφατόν ἐστι· σέθεν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω χωομένης, οὐδʼ εἴ κε τὰ νείατα πείραθʼ ἵκηαι γαίης καὶ πόντοιο, ἵνʼ Ἰάπετός τε Κρόνος τε 480ἥμενοι οὔτʼ αὐγῇς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο τέρποντʼ οὔτʼ ἀνέμοισι, βαθὺς δέ τε Τάρταρος ἀμφίς· οὐδʼ ἢν ἔνθʼ ἀφίκηαι ἀλωμένη, οὔ σευ ἔγωγε σκυζομένης ἀλέγω, ἐπεὶ οὐ σέο κύντερον ἄλλο. ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη.

For thus will I speak, and verily this thing had been brought to pass: not upon your car, once ye were smitten by the thunderbolt, would ye have fared back to Olympus, where is the abode of the immortals. So spake he, and thereat murmured Athene and Hera, that sat by his side and were devising ills for the Trojans. Athene verily held her peace and said naught, wroth though she was with father Zeus, and fierce anger gat hold of her; howbeit Hera's breast contained not her anger, but she spake to him, saying: Most dread son of Cronos, what a word hast thou said! Well know we of ourselves that thine is no weakling strength; yet even so have we pity for the Danaan spearmen who now shall perish and fulfill an evil fate. Yet verily will we refrain us from battle, if so thou biddest; howbeit counsel will we offer to the Argives which shall be for their profit, that they perish not all by reason of thy wrath. Then in answer spake to her Zeus the cloud-gatherer: At dawn shalt thou behold, if so be thou wilt, O ox-eyed, queenly Hera, the most mighty son of Cronos making yet more grievous havoc of the great host of Argive spearmen; for dread Hector shall not refrain him from battle until the swift-footed son of Peleus be uprisen beside his ships on the day when at the sterns of the ships they shall be fighting in grimmest stress about Patroclus fallen; for thus it is ordained of heaven. But of thee I reck not in thine anger, no, not though thou shouldst go to the nethermost bounds of earth and sea, where abide Iapetus and Cronos, and have joy neither in the rays of Helios Hyperion nor in any breeze, but deep Tartarus is round about them. Though thou shouldst fare even thither in thy wanderings, yet reck I not of thy wrath, seeing there is naught more shameless than thou. So said he; howbeit white-armed Hera spake no word in answer.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.