Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 10.1–130: A sleepless night; Agamemnon wakes Nestor

While the other chieftains sleep, Agamemnon lies awake, troubled by the Trojan fires and the sound of their pipes, and he groans and tears his hair as he prays to Zeus. He rises and puts on a lion's skin, and Menelaus, who is also sleepless, comes to him; they agree to rouse the chiefs. Agamemnon goes to Nestor, who agrees to go round and wake the others.

Lines 10.1–130 · 1463 words · click a number to copy its link
1ἄλλοι μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν εὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ· ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν ὕπνος ἔχε γλυκερὸς πολλὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντα. 5ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀστράπτῃ πόσις Ἥρης ἠϋκόμοιο τεύχων ἢ πολὺν ὄμβρον ἀθέσφατον ἠὲ χάλαζαν ἢ νιφετόν, ὅτε πέρ τε χιὼν ἐπάλυνεν ἀρούρας, ἠέ ποθι πτολέμοιο μέγα στόμα πευκεδανοῖο, ὣς πυκίνʼ ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀνεστενάχιζʼ Ἀγαμέμνων 10νειόθεν ἐκ κραδίης, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός. ἤτοι ὅτʼ ἐς πεδίον τὸ Τρωϊκὸν ἀθρήσειε, θαύμαζεν πυρὰ πολλὰ τὰ καίετο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ αὐλῶν συρίγγων τʼ ἐνοπὴν ὅμαδόν τʼ ἀνθρώπων. αὐτὰρ ὅτʼ ἐς νῆάς τε ἴδοι καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, 15πολλὰς ἐκ κεφαλῆς προθελύμνους ἕλκετο χαίτας ὑψόθʼ ἐόντι Διί, μέγα δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ. ἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλὴ Νέστορʼ ἔπι πρῶτον Νηλήϊον ἐλθέμεν ἀνδρῶν, εἴ τινά οἱ σὺν μῆτιν ἀμύμονα τεκτήναιτο, 20ἥ τις ἀλεξίκακος πᾶσιν Δαναοῖσι γένοιτο.

Now beside their ships all the other chieftains of the host of the Achaeans were slumbering the whole night through, overcome of soft sleep, but Agamemnon, son of Atreus, shepherd of the host, was not holden of sweet sleep, so many things debated he in mind. Even as when the lord of fair-haired Hera lighteneth, what time he maketh ready either a mighty rain unspeakable or hail or snow, when the snow-flakes sprinkle the fields, or haply the wide mouth of bitter war; even so often did Agamemnon groan from the deep of his breast, and his heart trembled within him. So often as he gazed toward the Trojan plain, he marvelled at the many fires that burned before the face of Ilios, and at the sound of flutes and pipes, and the din of men; but whensoever he looked toward the ships and the host of the Achaeans, then many were the hairs that he pulled from his head by the very roots in appeal to Zeus that is above, and in his noble heart he groaned mightily. And this plan seemed to his mind the best, to go first of all to Nestor, son of Neleus, if so be he might contrive with him some goodly device that should be for the warding off of evil from the Danaan host.

21ὀρθωθεὶς δʼ ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα, ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἔπειτα δαφοινὸν ἑέσσατο δέρμα λέοντος αἴθωνος μεγάλοιο ποδηνεκές, εἵλετο δʼ ἔγχος. 25ὣς δʼ αὔτως Μενέλαον ἔχε τρόμος· οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτῷ ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἐφίζανε· μή τι πάθοιεν Ἀργεῖοι, τοὶ δὴ ἕθεν εἵνεκα πουλὺν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν ἤλυθον ἐς Τροίην πόλεμον θρασὺν ὁρμαίνοντες. παρδαλέῃ μὲν πρῶτα μετάφρενον εὐρὺ κάλυψε 30ποικίλῃ, αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ στεφάνην κεφαλῆφιν ἀείρας θήκατο χαλκείην, δόρυ δʼ εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ. βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀνστήσων ὃν ἀδελφεόν, ὃς μέγα πάντων Ἀργείων ἤνασσε, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ. τὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα καλὰ 35νηῒ πάρα πρύμνῃ· τῷ δʼ ἀσπάσιος γένετʼ ἐλθών. τὸν πρότερος προσέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος· τίφθʼ οὕτως ἠθεῖε κορύσσεαι; ἦ τινʼ ἑταίρων ὀτρυνέεις Τρώεσσιν ἐπίσκοπον; ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς δείδω μὴ οὔ τίς τοι ὑπόσχηται τόδε ἔργον 40ἄνδρας δυσμενέας σκοπιαζέμεν οἶος ἐπελθὼν νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην· μάλα τις θρασυκάρδιος ἔσται.

So he sate him up and did on his tunic about his breast, and beneath his shining feet bound his fair sandals, and thereafter clad him in the tawny skin of a lion, fiery and great, a skin that reached his feet; and he grasped his spear. And even in like manner was Menelaus holden of trembling fear—for on his eyelids too sleep settled not down—lest aught should befall the Argives who for his sake had come to Troy over the wide waters of the sea, pondering in their hearts fierce war. With a leopard's skin first he covered his broad shoulders, a dappled fell, and lifted up and set upon his head a helmet of bronze, and grasped a spear in his stout hand. Then he went his way to rouse his brother, that ruled mightily over all the Argives, and was honoured of the folk even as a god. Him he found putting about his shoulders his fair armour by the stern of his ship, and welcome was he to him as he came. To him first spake Menelaus, good at the war-cry: Wherefore, my brother, art thou thus arming? Wilt thou be rousing some man of thy comrades to spy upon the Trojans? Nay, sorely am I afraid lest none should undertake for thee this task, to go forth alone and spy upon the foemen, through the immortal night; right hardy of heart must that man be.

42τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων· χρεὼ βουλῆς ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ διοτρεφὲς ὦ Μενέλαε κερδαλέης, ἥ τίς κεν ἐρύσσεται ἠδὲ σαώσει 45Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας, ἐπεὶ Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν. Ἑκτορέοις ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φρένα θῆχʼ ἱεροῖσιν· οὐ γάρ πω ἰδόμην, οὐδʼ ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος ἄνδρʼ ἕνα τοσσάδε μέρμερʼ ἐπʼ ἤματι μητίσασθαι, ὅσσʼ Ἕκτωρ ἔρρεξε Διῒ φίλος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν 50αὔτως, οὔτε θεᾶς υἱὸς φίλος οὔτε θεοῖο. ἔργα δʼ ἔρεξʼ ὅσα φημὶ μελησέμεν Ἀργείοισι δηθά τε καὶ δολιχόν· τόσα γὰρ κακὰ μήσατʼ Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα κάλεσσον ῥίμφα θέων παρὰ νῆας· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ Νέστορα δῖον 55εἶμι, καὶ ὀτρυνέω ἀνστήμεναι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἐλθεῖν ἐς φυλάκων ἱερὸν τέλος ἠδʼ ἐπιτεῖλαι. κείνῳ γάρ κε μάλιστα πιθοίατο· τοῖο γὰρ υἱὸς σημαίνει φυλάκεσσι καὶ Ἰδομενῆος ὀπάων Μηριόνης· τοῖσιν γὰρ ἐπετράπομέν γε μάλιστα. 60τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος· πῶς γάρ μοι μύθῳ ἐπιτέλλεαι ἠδὲ κελεύεις;

Then in answer to him spake lord Agamemnon: Need have we, both thou and I, O Menelaus, fostered of Zeus, of shrewd counsel that shall save and deliver the Argives and their ships, seeing the mind of Zeus is turned. To the sacrifices of Hector, it seemeth, his heart inclineth rather than to ours. For never have I seen neither heard by the telling of another that one man devised in one day so many terrible deeds, as Hector, dear to Zeus, hath wrought upon the sons of the Achaeans, by himself alone, he that is not the dear son of goddess or of god. Deeds hath he wrought that methinks will be a sorrow to the Argives for ever and aye, so many evils hath he devised against the Achaeans. But go now, run swiftly along the lines of ships and call hither Aias and Idomeneus, and I will go to goodly Nestor and bid him arise, if so be he will be minded to go to the sacred company of the sentinels and give them charge. To him would they hearken as to no other, for his son is captain over the guard, he and Meriones, comrade of Idomeneus; for to them above all we entrusted this charge. Then made answer to him Menelaus, good at the war-cry: With what meaning doth thy word thus charge and command me?

62αὖθι μένω μετὰ τοῖσι δεδεγμένος εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃς, ἦε θέω μετὰ σʼ αὖτις, ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω; τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων, 65αὖθι μένειν, μή πως ἀβροτάξομεν ἀλλήλοιιν ἐρχομένω· πολλαὶ γὰρ ἀνὰ στρατόν εἰσι κέλευθοι. φθέγγεο δʼ ᾗ κεν ἴῃσθα καὶ ἐγρήγορθαι ἄνωχθι πατρόθεν ἐκ γενεῆς ὀνομάζων ἄνδρα ἕκαστον πάντας κυδαίνων· μηδὲ μεγαλίζεο θυμῷ, 70ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί περ πονεώμεθα· ὧδέ που ἄμμι Ζεὺς ἐπὶ γιγνομένοισιν ἵει κακότητα βαρεῖαν. ὣς εἰπὼν ἀπέπεμπεν ἀδελφεὸν εὖ ἐπιτείλας· αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰέναι μετὰ Νέστορα ποιμένα λαῶν· τὸν δʼ εὗρεν παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ 75εὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ· παρὰ δʼ ἔντεα ποικίλʼ ἔκειτο ἀσπὶς καὶ δύο δοῦρε φαεινή τε τρυφάλεια. πὰρ δὲ ζωστὴρ κεῖτο παναίολος, ᾧ ῥʼ ὁ γεραιὸς ζώννυθʼ ὅτʼ ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα θωρήσσοιτο λαὸν ἄγων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μὲν ἐπέτρεπε γήραϊ λυγρῷ.

Shall I abide there with them, waiting until thou shalt come, or run back to thee again, when I have duly laid on them thy command? And to him did the king of men, Agamemnon, make answer, saying: Abide there, lest haply we miss each other as we go, for many are the paths throughout the camp. But lift up thy voice wheresoever thou goest, and bid men be awake, calling each man by his lineage and his father's name, giving due honour to each, and be not thou proud of heart but rather let us ourselves be busy; even thus I ween hath Zeus laid upon us even at our birth the heaviness of woe. So spake he, and sent forth his brother when he had duly given him commandment. But he went his way after Nestor, shepherd of the host, and found him by his hut and his black ship on his soft bed, and beside him lay his armour richly dight, his shield and two spears and gleaming helmet. And by his side lay the flashing girdle, wherewith the old man was wont to gird himself, whenso he arrayed him for battle, the bane of men, and led forth his people, for he yielded not to grievous old age.

80ὀρθωθεὶς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος κεφαλὴν ἐπαείρας Ἀτρεΐδην προσέειπε καὶ ἐξερεείνετο μύθῳ· τίς δʼ οὗτος κατὰ νῆας ἀνὰ στρατὸν ἔρχεαι οἶος νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι, ἠέ τινʼ οὐρήων διζήμενος, ἤ τινʼ ἑταίρων; 85φθέγγεο, μηδʼ ἀκέων ἐπʼ ἔμʼ ἔρχεο· τίπτε δέ σε χρεώ; τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν γνώσεαι Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα, τὸν περὶ πάντων Ζεὺς ἐνέηκε πόνοισι διαμπερὲς εἰς ὅ κʼ ἀϋτμὴ 90ἐν στήθεσσι μένῃ καί μοι φίλα γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ. πλάζομαι ὧδʼ ἐπεὶ οὔ μοι ἐπʼ ὄμμασι νήδυμος ὕπνος ἱζάνει, ἀλλὰ μέλει πόλεμος καὶ κήδεʼ Ἀχαιῶν. αἰνῶς γὰρ Δαναῶν περιδείδια, οὐδέ μοι ἦτορ ἔμπεδον, ἀλλʼ ἀλαλύκτημαι, κραδίη δέ μοι ἔξω 95στηθέων ἐκθρῴσκει, τρομέει δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα. ἀλλʼ εἴ τι δραίνεις, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ σέ γʼ ὕπνος ἱκάνει, δεῦρʼ ἐς τοὺς φύλακας καταβήομεν, ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ μὲν καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες ἠδὲ καὶ ὕπνῳ κοιμήσωνται, ἀτὰρ φυλακῆς ἐπὶ πάγχυ λάθωνται.

He rose upon his elbow, lifting up his head, and spake to the son of Atreus, and questioned him, saying: Who art thou that art faring alone by the ships throughout the camp in the darkness of night, when other mortals are sleeping? Seekest thou one of thy mules, or of thy comrades? Speak, and come not silently upon me. Of what hast thou need? Then made answer the king of men, Agamemnon: Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans, thou shalt know Agamemnon, son of Atreus, whom beyond all others Zeus hath set amid toils continually, so long as the breath abideth in my breast and my knees are quick. I wander thus, because sweet sleep settleth not upon mine eyes, but war is a trouble to me and the woes of the Achaeans. Wondrously do I fear for the Danaans, nor is my mind firm, but I am tossed to and fro, and my heart leapeth forth from out my breast, and my glorious limbs tremble beneath me. But if thou wouldest do aught, seeing on thee too sleep cometh not, come, let us go to the sentinels, that we may look to them, lest fordone with toil and drowsiness they be slumbering, and have wholly forgot their watch.

100δυσμενέες δʼ ἄνδρες σχεδὸν εἵαται· οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν μή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα μενοινήσωσι μάχεσθαι. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον οὔ θην Ἕκτορι πάντα νοήματα μητίετα Ζεὺς 105ἐκτελέει, ὅσα πού νυν ἐέλπεται· ἀλλά μιν οἴω κήδεσι μοχθήσειν καὶ πλείοσιν, εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐκ χόλου ἀργαλέοιο μεταστρέψῃ φίλον ἦτορ. σοὶ δὲ μάλʼ ἕψομʼ ἐγώ· ποτὶ δʼ αὖ καὶ ἐγείρομεν ἄλλους ἠμὲν Τυδεΐδην δουρὶ κλυτὸν ἠδʼ Ὀδυσῆα 110ἠδʼ Αἴαντα ταχὺν καὶ Φυλέος ἄλκιμον υἱόν. ἀλλʼ εἴ τις καὶ τούσδε μετοιχόμενος καλέσειεν ἀντίθεόν τʼ Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα· τῶν γὰρ νῆες ἔασιν ἑκαστάτω, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἐγγύς. ἀλλὰ φίλον περ ἐόντα καὶ αἰδοῖον Μενέλαον 115νεικέσω, εἴ πέρ μοι νεμεσήσεαι, οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω ὡς εὕδει, σοὶ δʼ οἴῳ ἐπέτρεψεν πονέεσθαι. νῦν ὄφελεν κατὰ πάντας ἀριστῆας πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος· χρειὼ γὰρ ἱκάνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτός. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· 120ὦ γέρον ἄλλοτε μέν σε καὶ αἰτιάασθαι ἄνωγα· πολλάκι γὰρ μεθιεῖ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλει πονέεσθαι οὔτʼ ὄκνῳ εἴκων οὔτʼ ἀφραδίῃσι νόοιο, ἀλλʼ ἐμέ τʼ εἰσορόων καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενος ὁρμήν. νῦν δʼ ἐμέο πρότερος μάλʼ ἐπέγρετο καί μοι ἐπέστη· 125τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προέηκα καλήμεναι οὓς σὺ μεταλλᾷς. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν· κείνους δὲ κιχησόμεθα πρὸ πυλάων ἐν φυλάκεσσʼ, ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· οὕτως οὔ τίς οἱ νεμεσήσεται οὐδʼ ἀπιθήσει 130Ἀργείων, ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἀνώγῃ.

The foemen bivouac hard by, nor know we at all whether haply they may not be fain to do battle even in the night. Then made answer to him the horseman Nestor of Gerenia: Most glorious son of Atreus, Agamemnon, king of men, of a surety not all his purposes shall Zeus the counsellor fulfill for Hector, even all that now he thinketh; nay methinks he shall labour amid troubles yet more than ours, if so be Achilles shall turn his heart from grievous anger. Howbeit with thee will I gladly follow, but let us moreover arouse others also, both the son of Tydeus, famed for his spear, and Odysseus, and the swift Aias, and the valiant son of Phyleus. And I would that one should go and summon these also, the godlike Aias and lord Idomeneus, for their ships are furthest of all and nowise nigh at hand. But Menelaus will I chide, dear though he be and honoured, aye, though thou shouldest be angry with me, nor will I hide my thought, for that he sleepeth thus, and hath suffered thee to toil alone. Now had it been meet that he laboured among all the chieftains, beseeching them, for need has come upon them that may no longer be borne. And to him did the king of men, Agamemnon, make answer, saying: Old sir, at another time shalt thou chide him even at mine own bidding, seeing he is often slack and not minded to labour, neither yielding to sloth nor to heedlessness of mind, but ever looking to me and awaiting my leading. But now he awoke even before myself, and came to me, and myself I sent him forth to summon those of whom thou inquirest. But let us go; we shall find them before the gates amid the sentinels, for there I bade them gather. Then made answer to him the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia: So will no man be wroth at him or disobey him of all the Argives, whenso he urgeth any man or giveth commands.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.