Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 10.131–253: The council by the ditch; Diomedes and Odysseus volunteer

Nestor wakes Odysseus and Diomedes, and the chiefs gather at the ditch beyond the camp, where the sentries are keeping watch. Nestor asks who will spy on the Trojans and bring back news, and Diomedes offers to go if he has a companion. Many volunteer, but Diomedes chooses Odysseus, since Athena loves him.

Lines 10.131–253 · 1340 words · click a number to copy its link
131ὣς εἰπὼν ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα, ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαῖναν περονήσατο φοινικόεσσαν διπλῆν ἐκταδίην, οὔλη δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη. 135εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, βῆ δʼ ἰέναι κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων. πρῶτον ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ φθεγξάμενος· τὸν δʼ αἶψα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθʼ ἰωή, 140ἐκ δʼ ἦλθε κλισίης καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε· τίφθʼ οὕτω κατὰ νῆας ἀνὰ στρατὸν οἶοι ἀλᾶσθε νύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην, ὅ τι δὴ χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει; τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ 145μὴ νεμέσα· τοῖον γὰρ ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς. ἀλλʼ ἕπεʼ, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλον ἐγείρομεν ὅν τʼ ἐπέοικε βουλὰς βουλεύειν, ἢ φευγέμεν ἠὲ μάχεσθαι. ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ κλισίην δὲ κιὼν πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς ποικίλον ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι σάκος θέτο, βῆ δὲ μετʼ αὐτούς.

So saying he did on his tunic about his breast, and beneath his shining feet bound his fair sandals and around him buckled a purple cloak of double fold and wide, whereon the down was thick. And he grasped a mighty spear, tipped with sharp bronze, and went his way among the ships of the brazen-coated Achaeans. Then Odysseus first, the peer of Zeus in counsel, did the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, awaken out of sleep with his voice, and forthwith the call rang all about his mind and he came forth from the hut and spake to them, saying: How is it that ye fare thus alone by the ships throughout the camp in the immortal night? What need so great hath come upon you? Then made answer to him the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia: Zeus-born son of Laërtes, Odysseus of many wiles, be not thou wroth, for great sorrow hath overmastered the Achaeans. Nay, follow, that we may arouse another also, whomsoever it behoveth to take counsel, whether to flee or to fight. So spake he, and Odysseus of many wiles went to the hut and cast about his shoulders a shield richly dight, and followed after them.

150βὰν δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα· τὸν δὲ κίχανον ἐκτὸς ἀπὸ κλισίης σὺν τεύχεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι εὗδον, ὑπὸ κρασὶν δʼ ἔχον ἀσπίδας· ἔγχεα δέ σφιν ὄρθʼ ἐπὶ σαυρωτῆρος ἐλήλατο, τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς λάμφʼ ὥς τε στεροπὴ πατρὸς Διός· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως 155εὗδʼ, ὑπὸ δʼ ἔστρωτο ῥινὸν βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο, αὐτὰρ ὑπὸ κράτεσφι τάπης τετάνυστο φαεινός. τὸν παρστὰς ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ, λὰξ ποδὶ κινήσας, ὄτρυνέ τε νείκεσέ τʼ ἄντην· ἔγρεο Τυδέος υἱέ· τί πάννυχον ὕπνον ἀωτεῖς; 160οὐκ ἀΐεις ὡς Τρῶες ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο εἵαται ἄγχι νεῶν, ὀλίγος δʼ ἔτι χῶρος ἐρύκει; ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνοιο μάλα κραιπνῶς ἀνόρουσε, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· σχέτλιός ἐσσι γεραιέ· σὺ μὲν πόνου οὔ ποτε λήγεις. 165οὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι νεώτεροι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν οἵ κεν ἔπειτα ἕκαστον ἐγείρειαν βασιλήων πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενοι; σὺ δʼ ἀμήχανός ἐσσι γεραιέ. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα φίλος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.

And they came to Tydeus' son, Diomedes, and him they found outside his hut with his arms; and around him his comrades were sleeping with their shields beneath their heads, but their spears were driven into the ground erect on their spikes, and afar shone the bronze like the lightning of father Zeus. But the warrior was sleeping, and beneath him was spread the hide of an ox of the field, and beneath his head was stretched a bright carpet. To his side came the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, and woke him, stirring him with a touch of his heel, and aroused him, and chid him to his face: Awake, son of Tydeus, why slumberest thou the whole night through in sleep? Knowest thou not that the Trojans on the rising ground of the plain are camped hard by the ships, and but scant space still holdeth them off? So said he, but the other right swiftly sprang up out of sleep, and he spake and addressed him with winged words: Hardy art thou, old sir, and from toil thou never ceasest. Are there not other sons of the Achaeans that be younger, who might then rouse each one of the kings, going everywhere throughout the host? But with thee, old sir, may no man deal. Then the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, answered him: Nay verily, friend, all this hast thou spoken according to right.

170εἰσὶν μέν μοι παῖδες ἀμύμονες, εἰσὶ δὲ λαοὶ καὶ πολέες, τῶν κέν τις ἐποιχόμενος καλέσειεν· ἀλλὰ μάλα μεγάλη χρειὼ βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς. νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς ἢ μάλα λυγρὸς ὄλεθρος Ἀχαιοῖς ἠὲ βιῶναι. 175ἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα ταχὺν καὶ Φυλέος υἱὸν ἄνστησον· σὺ γάρ ἐσσι νεώτερος· εἴ μʼ ἐλεαίρεις. ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἑέσσατο δέρμα λέοντος αἴθωνος μεγάλοιο ποδηνεκές, εἵλετο δʼ ἔγχος. βῆ δʼ ἰέναι, τοὺς δʼ ἔνθεν ἀναστήσας ἄγεν ἥρως. 180οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ φυλάκεσσιν ἐν ἀγρομένοισιν ἔμιχθεν, οὐδὲ μὲν εὕδοντας φυλάκων ἡγήτορας εὗρον, ἀλλʼ ἐγρηγορτὶ σὺν τεύχεσιν εἵατο πάντες. ὡς δὲ κύνες περὶ μῆλα δυσωρήσωνται ἐν αὐλῇ θηρὸς ἀκούσαντες κρατερόφρονος, ὅς τε καθʼ ὕλην 185ἔρχηται διʼ ὄρεσφι· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ κυνῶν, ἀπό τέ σφισιν ὕπνος ὄλωλεν· ὣς τῶν νήδυμος ὕπνος ἀπὸ βλεφάροιιν ὀλώλει νύκτα φυλασσομένοισι κακήν· πεδίον δὲ γὰρ αἰεὶ τετράφαθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων ἀΐοιεν ἰόντων.

Peerless sons have I, and folk there be full many, of whom any one might go and call others. But in good sooth great need hath overmastered the Achaeans, for now to all it standeth on a razor's edge, either woeful ruin for the Achaeans, or to live. But go now and rouse swift Aias and the son of Phyleus, for thou art younger —if so be thou pitiest me. So spake he, and Diomedes clad about his shoulders the skin of a lion, fiery and great, a skin that reached his feet, and grasped his spear, and he went his way, and roused those warriors from where they were, and brought them. Now when they had joined the company of the sentinels as they were gathered together, they found not the leaders of the sentinels asleep, but all were sitting awake with their arms. And even as dogs keep painful watch about sheep in a fold, when they hear the wild beast, stout of heart, that cometh through the wood among the hills, and a great din ariseth about him of men and dogs, and from them sleep perisheth; even so from their eyelids did sweet sleep perish, as they kept watch through the evil night; for toward the plain were they ever turning if haply they might hear the Trojans coming on.

190τοὺς δʼ ὃ γέρων γήθησεν ἰδὼν θάρσυνέ τε μύθῳ καί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· οὕτω νῦν φίλα τέκνα φυλάσσετε· μηδέ τινʼ ὕπνος αἱρείτω, μὴ χάρμα γενώμεθα δυσμενέεσσιν. ὣς εἰπὼν τάφροιο διέσσυτο· τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο 195Ἀργείων βασιλῆες ὅσοι κεκλήατο βουλήν. τοῖς δʼ ἅμα Μηριόνης καὶ Νέστορος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς ἤϊσαν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ κάλεον συμμητιάασθαι. τάφρον δʼ ἐκδιαβάντες ὀρυκτὴν ἑδριόωντο ἐν καθαρῷ, ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος 200πιπτόντων· ὅθεν αὖτις ἀπετράπετʼ ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ ὀλλὺς Ἀργείους, ὅτε δὴ περὶ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν. ἔνθα καθεζόμενοι ἔπεʼ ἀλλήλοισι πίφαυσκον· τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· ὦ φίλοι οὐκ ἂν δή τις ἀνὴρ πεπίθοιθʼ ἑῷ αὐτοῦ 205θυμῷ τολμήεντι μετὰ Τρῶας μεγαθύμους ἐλθεῖν, εἴ τινά που δηΐων ἕλοι ἐσχατόωντα, ἤ τινά που καὶ φῆμιν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι πύθοιτο, ἅσσά τε μητιόωσι μετὰ σφίσιν, ἢ μεμάασιν αὖθι μένειν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀπόπροθεν, ἦε πόλιν δὲ 210ἂψ ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἐπεὶ δαμάσαντό γʼ Ἀχαιούς.

At sight of them the old man waxed glad and heartened them, and spake and addressed them with winged words: Even so now, dear children, keep your watch, neither let sleep seize any man, lest we become a cause of rejoicing to our foes. So saying he hasted through the trench, and there followed with him the kings of the Argives, even all that had been called to the council. But with them went Meriones and the glorious son of Nestor; for of themselves they bade these share in their counsel. So they went through and out from the digged ditch and sate them down in an open space, where the ground shewed clear of dead men fallen, even where mighty Hector had turned back again from destroying the Argives, when night enfolded him. There they sate them down and spake one to the other, and among them the horse-man, Nestor of Gerenia, was first to speak: My friends, is there then no man who would trust his own venturous spirit to go among the great-souled Trojans, if so be he might slay some straggler of the foemen, or haply hear some rumour among the Trojans, and what counsel they devise among themselves, whether to abide where they be by the ships afar, or to withdraw again to the city, seeing they have worsted the Achaeans?

211ταῦτά κε πάντα πύθοιτο, καὶ ἂψ εἰς ἡμέας ἔλθοι ἀσκηθής· μέγα κέν οἱ ὑπουράνιον κλέος εἴη πάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, καί οἱ δόσις ἔσσεται ἐσθλή· ὅσσοι γὰρ νήεσσιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι 215τῶν πάντων οἱ ἕκαστος ὄϊν δώσουσι μέλαιναν θῆλυν ὑπόρρηνον· τῇ μὲν κτέρας οὐδὲν ὁμοῖον, αἰεὶ δʼ ἐν δαίτῃσι καὶ εἰλαπίνῃσι παρέσται. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ. τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης· 220Νέστορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων δῦναι στρατὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντων Τρώων· ἀλλʼ εἴ τίς μοι ἀνὴρ ἅμʼ ἕποιτο καὶ ἄλλος μᾶλλον θαλπωρὴ καὶ θαρσαλεώτερον ἔσται. σύν τε δύʼ ἐρχομένω καί τε πρὸ ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν 225ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ· μοῦνος δʼ εἴ πέρ τε νοήσῃ ἀλλά τέ οἱ βράσσων τε νόος, λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἔθελον Διομήδεϊ πολλοὶ ἕπεσθαι. ἠθελέτην Αἴαντε δύω θεράποντες Ἄρηος, ἤθελε Μηριόνης, μάλα δʼ ἤθελε Νέστορος υἱός, 230ἤθελε δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος, ἤθελε δʼ ὁ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς καταδῦναι ὅμιλον Τρώων· αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἐτόλμα.

All this might he learn, and come back to us unscathed: great would his fame be under heaven among all men, and a goodly gift shall be his. For of all the princes that hold sway over the ships, of all these shall every man give him a black ewe with a lamb at the teat— therewith may no possession compare;—and ever shall he be with us at feasts and drinking-bouts. So said he, and they all became hushed in silence. Then spake among them Diomedes, good at the war-cry: Nestor, my heart and proud spirit urge me to enter the camp of the foemen that are near, even of the Trojans; howbeit if some other man were to follow with me, greater comfort would there be, and greater confidence. When two go together, one discerneth before the other how profit may be had; whereas if one alone perceive aught, yet is his wit the shorter, and but slender his device. So spake he, and many there were that were fain to follow Diomedes. Fain were the two Aiantes, squires of Ares, fain was Meriones, and right fain the son of Nestor, fain was the son of Atreus, Menelaus, famed for his spear, and fain too was the stead-fast Odysseus to steal into the throng of the Trojans, for ever daring was the spirit in his breast.

233τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων· Τυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ 235τὸν μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γʼ αἱρήσεαι ὅν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, φαινομένων τὸν ἄριστον, ἐπεὶ μεμάασί γε πολλοί. μηδὲ σύ γʼ αἰδόμενος σῇσι φρεσὶ τὸν μὲν ἀρείω καλλείπειν, σὺ δὲ χείρονʼ ὀπάσσεαι αἰδοῖ εἴκων ἐς γενεὴν ὁρόων, μηδʼ εἰ βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν. 240ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δὲ περὶ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ. τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης· εἰ μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γε κελεύετέ μʼ αὐτὸν ἑλέσθαι, πῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ θείοιο λαθοίμην, οὗ πέρι μὲν πρόφρων κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ 245ἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι, φιλεῖ δέ ἑ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη. τούτου γʼ ἑσπομένοιο καὶ ἐκ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο ἄμφω νοστήσαιμεν, ἐπεὶ περίοιδε νοῆσαι. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· Τυδεΐδη μήτʼ ἄρ με μάλʼ αἴνεε μήτέ τι νείκει· 250εἰδόσι γάρ τοι ταῦτα μετʼ Ἀργείοις ἀγορεύεις. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν· μάλα γὰρ νὺξ ἄνεται, ἐγγύθι δʼ ἠώς, ἄστρα δὲ δὴ προβέβηκε, παροίχωκεν δὲ πλέων νὺξ τῶν δύο μοιράων, τριτάτη δʼ ἔτι μοῖρα λέλειπται.

Then among them spake the king of men, Agamemnon: Diomedes, son of Tydeus, dear to my heart, that man shalt thou choose as thy comrade, whomsoever thou wilt, the best of them that offer themselves, for many are eager. And do not thou out of reverent heart leave the better man behind, and take as thy comrade one that is worse, yielding to reverence, and looking to birth, nay, not though one be more kingly. So said he, since he feared for the sake of fair-haired Menelaus. But among them spake again Diomedes, good at the war-cry: If of a truth ye bid me of myself choose me a comrade, how should I then forget godlike Odysseus, whose heart and proud spirit are beyond all others eager in all manner of toils; and Pallas Athene loveth him. If he but follow with me, even out of blazing fire might we both return, for wise above all is he in understanding. Then spake unto him much enduring goodly Odysseus: Son of Tydeus, praise me not over-much, neither blame me in aught: this thou sayest among the Argives that themselves know all. Nay, let us go, for verily the night is waning and dawn draweth near; lo, the stars have moved onward, and of the night more than two watches have past, and the third alone is left us.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 10, lines 131–253: The council by the ditch