Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 10.338–468: Dolon the spy is caught

Odysseus and Diomedes let Dolon pass and then chase him down like two hounds after a hare. Dolon begs for his life with the offer of a ransom and, questioned, tells where the Trojans lie and that the allies sleep without watchers, with the newly arrived Thracians and their king Rhesus on the edge of the camp. Diomedes kills him despite his pleading, and Odysseus hangs the spoils on a tamarisk as a marker.

Lines 10.338–468 · 1453 words · click a number to copy its link
338ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν κάλλιφʼ ὅμιλον, βῆ ῥʼ ἀνʼ ὁδὸν μεμαώς· τὸν δὲ φράσατο προσιόντα 340διογενὴς Ὀδυσεύς, Διομήδεα δὲ προσέειπεν· οὗτός τις Διόμηδες ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεται ἀνήρ, οὐκ οἶδʼ ἢ νήεσσιν ἐπίσκοπος ἡμετέρῃσιν, ἦ τινα συλήσων νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων. ἀλλʼ ἐῶμέν μιν πρῶτα παρεξελθεῖν πεδίοιο 345τυτθόν· ἔπειτα δέ κʼ αὐτὸν ἐπαΐξαντες ἕλοιμεν καρπαλίμως· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε παραφθαίησι πόδεσσιν, αἰεί μιν ἐπὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατόφι προτιειλεῖν ἔγχει ἐπαΐσσων, μή πως προτὶ ἄστυ ἀλύξῃ. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε παρὲξ ὁδοῦ ἐν νεκύεσσι 350κλινθήτην· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ὦκα παρέδραμεν ἀφραδίῃσιν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀπέην ὅσσόν τʼ ἐπὶ οὖρα πέλονται ἡμιόνων· αἱ γάρ τε βοῶν προφερέστεραί εἰσιν ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο βαθείης πηκτὸν ἄροτρον· τὼ μὲν ἐπεδραμέτην, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔστη δοῦπον ἀκούσας. 355ἔλπετο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀποστρέψοντας ἑταίρους ἐκ Τρώων ἰέναι πάλιν Ἕκτορος ὀτρύναντος.

But when he had left the throng of horses and of men, he went forth eagerly on the way, and Odysseus, sprung from Zeus, was ware of him as he drew nigh, and spake to Diomedes: Yonder, Diomedes, cometh some man from the camp, I know not whether as a spy upon our ships, or with intent to strip one or another of the corpses of the dead. But let us suffer him at the first to pass by us on the plain a little way, and thereafter let us rush forth upon him and seize him speedily; and if so be he outrun us twain by speed of foot ever do thou hem him in toward the ships away from the host, darting after him with thy spear, lest in any wise he escape toward the city. So saying the twain laid them down among the dead apart from the path, but he ran quickly past them in his witlessness. But when he was as far off as is the range of mules in ploughing—for they are better than oxen to draw through deep fallow land the jointed plough—then the two ran after him, and he stood still when he heard the sound, for in his heart he supposed that they were friends coming from amid the Trojans to turn him back, and that Hector was withdrawing the host.

357ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄπεσαν δουρηνεκὲς ἢ καὶ ἔλασσον, γνῶ ῥʼ ἄνδρας δηΐους, λαιψηρὰ δὲ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα φευγέμεναι· τοὶ δʼ αἶψα διώκειν ὁρμήθησαν. 360ὡς δʼ ὅτε καρχαρόδοντε δύω κύνε εἰδότε θήρης ἢ κεμάδʼ ἠὲ λαγωὸν ἐπείγετον ἐμμενὲς αἰεὶ χῶρον ἀνʼ ὑλήενθʼ, ὃ δέ τε προθέῃσι μεμηκώς, ὣς τὸν Τυδεΐδης ἠδʼ ὃ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς λαοῦ ἀποτμήξαντε διώκετον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί. 365ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε μιγήσεσθαι φυλάκεσσι φεύγων ἐς νῆας, τότε δὴ μένος ἔμβαλʼ Ἀθήνη Τυδεΐδῃ, ἵνα μή τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων φθαίη ἐπευξάμενος βαλέειν, ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ἔλθοι. δουρὶ δʼ ἐπαΐσσων προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης· 370ἠὲ μένʼ ἠέ σε δουρὶ κιχήσομαι, οὐδέ σέ φημι δηρὸν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀλύξειν αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.

But when they were a spear-cast off or even less, he knew them for foemen and plied his limbs swiftly in flight, and they speedily set out in pursuit. And as when two sharp-fanged hounds,—skilled in the hunt, press hard on a doe or a hare in a wooded place, and it ever runneth screaming before them; even so did the son of Tydeus, and Odysseus, sacker of cities, cut Dolon off from the host and ever pursue hard after him. But when he was now about to come among the sentinels, as he fled towards the ships, then verily Athene put strength into Tydeus' son, that no man among the brazen-coated Achaeans might before him boast to have dealt the blow, and he come too late. And mighty Diomedes rushed upon him with his spear, and called: Stand, or I shall reach thee with the spear, and I deem thou shalt not long escape sheer destruction at my hand.

372ἦ ῥα καὶ ἔγχος ἀφῆκεν, ἑκὼν δʼ ἡμάρτανε φωτός· δεξιτερὸν δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἐΰξου δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ ἐν γαίῃ ἐπάγη· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔστη τάρβησέν τε 375βαμβαίνων· ἄραβος δὲ διὰ στόμα γίγνετʼ ὀδόντων· χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους· τὼ δʼ ἀσθμαίνοντε κιχήτην, χειρῶν δʼ ἁψάσθην· ὃ δὲ δακρύσας ἔπος ηὔδα· ζωγρεῖτʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐμὲ λύσομαι· ἔστι γὰρ ἔνδον χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος, 380τῶν κʼ ὔμμιν χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα εἴ κεν ἐμὲ ζωὸν πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· θάρσει, μηδέ τί τοι θάνατος καταθύμιος ἔστω. ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον· 385πῇ δὴ οὕτως ἐπὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεαι οἶος νύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι; ἤ τινα συλήσων νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων; ἦ σʼ Ἕκτωρ προέηκε διασκοπιᾶσθαι ἕκαστα νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς; ἦ σʼ αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἀνῆκε;

He spake, and hurled his spear, but of purpose he missed the man, and over his right shoulder passed the point of the polished spear, and fixed itself in the ground; and Dolon stood still, seized with terror, stammering and pale with fear, and the teeth clattered in his mouth; and the twain panting for breath came upon him, and seized his hands; and he with a burst of tears spake to them, saying: Take me alive, and I will ransom myself; for at home have I store of bronze and gold and iron, wrought with toil; thereof would my father grant you ransom past counting, should he hear that I am alive at the ships of the Achaeans. Then in answer to him spake Odysseus of many wiles: Be of good cheer, and let not death be in thy thoughts. But come, tell me this, and declare it truly. Whither dost thou fare thus alone to the ships from the host in the darkness of night, when other mortals are sleeping? Is it with intent to strip one or another of the corpses of the dead? Did Hector send thee forth to the hollow ships to spy out all, or did thine own heart bid thee?

390τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Δόλων, ὑπὸ δʼ ἔτρεμε γυῖα· πολλῇσίν μʼ ἄτῃσι παρὲκ νόον ἤγαγεν Ἕκτωρ, ὅς μοι Πηλεΐωνος ἀγαυοῦ μώνυχας ἵππους δωσέμεναι κατένευσε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ, ἠνώγει δέ μʼ ἰόντα θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν 395ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι ἠὲ φυλάσσονται νῆες θοαὶ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ, ἦ ἤδη χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες φύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι νύκτα φυλασσέμεναι, καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες αἰνῷ. 400τὸν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· ἦ ῥά νύ τοι μεγάλων δώρων ἐπεμαίετο θυμὸς ἵππων Αἰακίδαο δαΐφρονος· οἳ δʼ ἀλεγεινοὶ ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι ἠδʼ ὀχέεσθαι ἄλλῳ γʼ ἢ Ἀχιλῆϊ, τὸν ἀθανάτη τέκε μήτηρ. 405ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον· ποῦ νῦν δεῦρο κιὼν λίπες Ἕκτορα ποιμένα λαῶν; ποῦ δέ οἱ ἔντεα κεῖται ἀρήϊα, ποῦ δέ οἱ ἵπποι; πῶς δαὶ τῶν ἄλλων Τρώων φυλακαί τε καὶ εὐναί;

To him then Dolon made answer, and his limbs trembled beneath him: With many infatuate hopes did Hector lead my wits astray, who pledged him to give me the single-hooved horses of the lordly son of Peleus, and his chariot richly dight with bronze; and he bade me go through the swift, black night close to the foemen, and spy out whether the swift ships be guarded as of old, or whether by now our foes, subdued beneath our hands, are planning flight among themselves, and have no mind to watch the night through, being fordone with dread weariness. Then smiling upon him Odysseus of many wiles made answer: Verily now on great rewards was thy heart set, even the horses of the wise-hearted son of Aeacus, but hard are they for mortal men to master or to drive, save only for Achilles whom an immortal mother bare. But come tell me this, and declare it truly: where now, as thou camest hither, didst thou leave Hector, shepherd of the host? Where lies his battle-gear, and where his horses? And how are disposed the watches and the sleeping-places of the other Trojans?

409ἅσσά τε μητιόωσι μετὰ σφίσιν, ἢ μεμάασιν 410αὖθι μένειν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀπόπροθεν, ἦε πόλιν δὲ ἂψ ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἐπεὶ δαμάσαντό γʼ Ἀχαιούς. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱός· τοὶ γὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω. Ἕκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν, ὅσοι βουληφόροι εἰσί, 415βουλὰς βουλεύει θείου παρὰ σήματι Ἴλου νόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου· φυλακὰς δʼ ἃς εἴρεαι ἥρως οὔ τις κεκριμένη ῥύεται στρατὸν οὐδὲ φυλάσσει. ὅσσαι μὲν Τρώων πυρὸς ἐσχάραι, οἷσιν ἀνάγκη οἷ δʼ ἐγρηγόρθασι φυλασσέμεναί τε κέλονται 420ἀλλήλοις· ἀτὰρ αὖτε πολύκλητοι ἐπίκουροι εὕδουσι· Τρωσὶν γὰρ ἐπιτραπέουσι φυλάσσειν· οὐ γάρ σφιν παῖδες σχεδὸν εἵαται οὐδὲ γυναῖκες. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· πῶς γὰρ νῦν Τρώεσσι μεμιγμένοι ἱπποδάμοισιν 425εὕδουσʼ ἦ ἀπάνευθε; δίειπέ μοι ὄφρα δαείω. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱός· τοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω.

And what counsel devise they among themselves?—to abide where they be by the ships afar, or to withdraw again to the city, seeing they have worsted the Achaeans? Then made answer to him Dolon, son of Eumedes: Verily now will I frankly tell thee all. Hector with all them that are counsellors is holding council by the tomb of godlike Ilus, away from the turmoil; but as touching the guards whereof thou askest, O warrior, no special guard keepeth or watcheth the host. By all the watch-fires of the Trojans verily, they that needs must, lie awake and bid one another keep watch, but the allies, summoned from many lands, are sleeping; for to the Trojans they leave it to keep watch, seeing their own children abide not nigh, neither their wives. Then in answer to him spake Odysseus of many wiles: How is it now, do they sleep mingled with the horse-taming Trojans, or apart? tell me at large that I may know. Then made answer to him Dolon, son of Eumedes: Verily now this likewise will I frankly tell thee.

428πρὸς μὲν ἁλὸς Κᾶρες καὶ Παίονες ἀγκυλότοξοι καὶ Λέλεγες καὶ Καύκωνες δῖοί τε Πελασγοί, 430πρὸς Θύμβρης δʼ ἔλαχον Λύκιοι Μυσοί τʼ ἀγέρωχοι καὶ Φρύγες ἱππόμαχοι καὶ Μῄονες ἱπποκορυσταί. ἀλλὰ τί ἢ ἐμὲ ταῦτα διεξερέεσθε ἕκαστα; εἰ γὰρ δὴ μέματον Τρώων καταδῦναι ὅμιλον Θρήϊκες οἷδʼ ἀπάνευθε νεήλυδες ἔσχατοι ἄλλων· 435ἐν δέ σφιν Ῥῆσος βασιλεὺς πάϊς Ἠϊονῆος. τοῦ δὴ καλλίστους ἵππους ἴδον ἠδὲ μεγίστους· λευκότεροι χιόνος, θείειν δʼ ἀνέμοισιν ὁμοῖοι· ἅρμα δέ οἱ χρυσῷ τε καὶ ἀργύρῳ εὖ ἤσκηται· τεύχεα δὲ χρύσεια πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι 440ἤλυθʼ ἔχων· τὰ μὲν οὔ τι καταθνητοῖσιν ἔοικεν ἄνδρεσσιν φορέειν, ἀλλʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν. ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν νῦν νηυσὶ πελάσσετον ὠκυπόροισιν, ἠέ με δήσαντες λίπετʼ αὐτόθι νηλέϊ δεσμῷ, ὄφρά κεν ἔλθητον καὶ πειρηθῆτον ἐμεῖο 445ἠὲ κατʼ αἶσαν ἔειπον ἐν ὑμῖν, ἦε καὶ οὐκί. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης· μὴ δή μοι φύξίν γε Δόλων ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ· ἐσθλά περ ἀγγείλας, ἐπεὶ ἵκεο χεῖρας ἐς ἁμάς.

Towards the sea lie the Carians and the Paeonians, with curved bows, and the Leleges and Caucones, and the goodly Pelasgi. And towards Thymbre fell the lot of the Lycians and the lordly Mysians, and the Phrygians that fight from chariots and the Maeonians, lords of chariots. But why is it that ye question me closely regarding all these things? For if ye are fain to enter the throng of the Trojans, lo, here apart be the Thracians, new comers, the outermost of all, and among them their king Rhesus, son of Eïoneus. His be verily the fairest horses that ever I saw, and the greatest, whiter than snow, and in speed like the winds. And his chariot is cunningly wrought with gold and silver, and armour of gold brought he with him, huge of size, a wonder to behold. Such armour it beseemeth not that mortal men should wear, but immortal gods. But bring ye me now to the swift-faring ships, or bind me with a cruel bond and leave me here, that ye may go and make trial of me, whether or no I have spoken to you according to right. Then with an angry glance from beneath his brows, spake to him mighty Diomedes: Nay, I bid thee, Dolon, put no thought of escape in thy heart, even though thou hast brought good tidings, seeing thou hast come into our hands.

449εἰ μὲν γάρ κέ σε νῦν ἀπολύσομεν ἠὲ μεθῶμεν, 450ἦ τε καὶ ὕστερον εἶσθα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἠὲ διοπτεύσων ἢ ἐναντίβιον πολεμίξων· εἰ δέ κʼ ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δαμεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃς, οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα σὺ πῆμά ποτʼ ἔσσεαι Ἀργείοισιν. ἦ, καὶ ὃ μέν μιν ἔμελλε γενείου χειρὶ παχείῃ 455ἁψάμενος λίσσεσθαι, ὃ δʼ αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσε φασγάνῳ ἀΐξας, ἀπὸ δʼ ἄμφω κέρσε τένοντε· φθεγγομένου δʼ ἄρα τοῦ γε κάρη κονίῃσιν ἐμίχθη. τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κτιδέην κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἕλοντο καὶ λυκέην καὶ τόξα παλίντονα καὶ δόρυ μακρόν· 460καὶ τά γʼ Ἀθηναίῃ ληΐτιδι δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς ὑψόσʼ ἀνέσχεθε χειρὶ καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα· χαῖρε θεὰ τοῖσδεσσι· σὲ γὰρ πρώτην ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ πάντων ἀθανάτων ἐπιδωσόμεθʼ· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὖτις πέμψον ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἀνδρῶν ἵππους τε καὶ εὐνάς. 465ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, καὶ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας θῆκεν ἀνὰ μυρίκην· δέελον δʼ ἐπὶ σῆμά τʼ ἔθηκε συμμάρψας δόνακας μυρίκης τʼ ἐριθηλέας ὄζους, μὴ λάθοι αὖτις ἰόντε θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν.

For if so be we release thee now or let thee go, yet even hereafter wilt thou come to the swift ships of the Achaeans, either to spy upon us, or to fight in open combat; but if, subdued beneath my hands, thou lose thy life, never again wilt thou prove a bane to the Argives. He spake, and the other was at point to touch his chin with his stout hand and make entreaty, but Diomedes sprang upon him with his sword and smote him full upon the neck, and shore off both the sinews, and even while he was yet speaking his head was mingled with the dust. Then from him they stripped the cap of ferret skin from off his head, and the wolf's hide, and the back-bent bow and the long spear, and these things did goodly Odysseus hold aloft in his hand to Athene, the driver of the spoil, and he made prayer, and spake, saying: Rejoice, goddess, in these, for on thee, first of all the immortals in Olympus, will we call; but send thou us on against the horses and the sleeping-places of the Thracian warriors. So spake he, and lifted from him the spoils on high, and set them on a tamarisk bush, and set thereby a mark plain to see, gathering handfuls of reeds and luxuriant branches of tamarisk, lest they two might miss the place as they came back through the swift, black night.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.