Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 10.469–579: The slaying of Rhesus

Odysseus and Diomedes go on through the arms and blood and find the Thracians sleeping. Diomedes kills twelve men and then Rhesus, while Odysseus drags the bodies aside and leads off the king's white horses. Athena tells Diomedes to flee and Apollo wakes the Trojans, but the pair reach the ships with the horses, bathe and eat.

Lines 10.469–579 · 1225 words · click a number to copy its link
469τὼ δὲ βάτην προτέρω διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα, 470αἶψα δʼ ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἀνδρῶν τέλος ἷξον ἰόντες. οἳ δʼ εὗδον καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες, ἔντεα δέ σφιν καλὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖσι χθονὶ κέκλιτο εὖ κατὰ κόσμον τριστοιχί· παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι. Ῥῆσος δʼ ἐν μέσῳ εὗδε, παρʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ὠκέες ἵπποι 475ἐξ ἐπιδιφριάδος πυμάτης ἱμᾶσι δέδεντο. τὸν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς προπάροιθεν ἰδὼν Διομήδεϊ δεῖξεν· οὗτός τοι Διόμηδες ἀνήρ, οὗτοι δέ τοι ἵπποι, οὓς νῶϊν πίφαυσκε Δόλων ὃν ἐπέφνομεν ἡμεῖς. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ πρόφερε κρατερὸν μένος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ 480ἑστάμεναι μέλεον σὺν τεύχεσιν, ἀλλὰ λύʼ ἵππους· ἠὲ σύ γʼ ἄνδρας ἔναιρε, μελήσουσιν δʼ ἐμοὶ ἵπποι. ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἔμπνευσε μένος γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, κτεῖνε δʼ ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὄρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς ἄορι θεινομένων, ἐρυθαίνετο δʼ αἵματι γαῖα.

But the twain went forward through the arms and the black blood, and swiftly came in their course to the company of the Thracian warriors. Now these were slumbering, foredone with weariness, and their goodly battle-gear lay by them on the ground, all in due order, in three rows, and hard by each man was his yoke of horses. But Rhesus slept in the midst, and hard by him his swift horses were tethered by the reins to the topmost rim of the chariot. Him Odysseus was first to espy, and shewed him to Diomedes: Lo, here, Diomedes, is the man, and here are the horses whereof Dolon, that we slew, told us. But come now, put forth mighty strength; it beseemeth thee not at all to stand idle with thy weapons; nay, loose the horses; or do thou slay the men, and I will look to the horses. So spake he, and into the other's heart flashing-eyed Athene breathed might, and he fell to slaving on this side and on that, and from them uprose hideous groaning as they were smitten with the sword, and the earth grew red with blood.

485ὡς δὲ λέων μήλοισιν ἀσημάντοισιν ἐπελθὼν αἴγεσιν ἢ ὀΐεσσι κακὰ φρονέων ἐνορούσῃ, ὣς μὲν Θρήϊκας ἄνδρας ἐπῴχετο Τυδέος υἱὸς ὄφρα δυώδεκʼ ἔπεφνεν· ἀτὰρ πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς ὅν τινα Τυδεΐδης ἄορι πλήξειε παραστὰς 490τὸν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετόπισθε λαβὼν ποδὸς ἐξερύσασκε, τὰ φρονέων κατὰ θυμὸν ὅπως καλλίτριχες ἵπποι ῥεῖα διέλθοιεν μηδὲ τρομεοίατο θυμῷ νεκροῖς ἀμβαίνοντες· ἀήθεσσον γὰρ ἔτʼ αὐτῶν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ βασιλῆα κιχήσατο Τυδέος υἱός, 495τὸν τρισκαιδέκατον μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα ἀσθμαίνοντα· κακὸν γὰρ ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη τὴν νύκτʼ Οἰνεΐδαο πάϊς διὰ μῆτιν Ἀθήνης. τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ ὃ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς λύε μώνυχας ἵππους, σὺν δʼ ἤειρεν ἱμᾶσι καὶ ἐξήλαυνεν ὁμίλου 500τόξῳ ἐπιπλήσσων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μάστιγα φαεινὴν ποικίλου ἐκ δίφροιο νοήσατο χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι· ῥοίζησεν δʼ ἄρα πιφαύσκων Διομήδεϊ δίῳ.

And even as a lion cometh on flocks unshepherded, on goats or on sheep, and leapeth upon them with fell intent, so up and down amid the Thracian warriors went the son of Tydeus until he had slain twelve. But whomsoever the son of Tydeus drew nigh and smote with the sword, him would Odysseus of the many wiles seize by the foot from behind and drag aside, with this thought in mind, that the fair-maned horses might easily pass through and not be affrighted at heart as they trod over dead men; for they were as yet unused thereto. But when the son of Tydeus came to the king, him the thirteenth he robbed of honey-sweet life, as he breathed hard, for like to an evil dream there stood above his head that night the son of Oeneus' son, by the devise of Athene. Meanwhile steadfast Odysseus loosed the single-hooved horses and bound them together with the reins, and drave them forth from the throng, smiting them with his bow, for he had not thought to take in his hands the bright whip from the richly dight car; and he whistled to give a sign to goodly Diomedes.

503αὐτὰρ ὃ μερμήριζε μένων ὅ τι κύντατον ἕρδοι, ἢ ὅ γε δίφρον ἑλών, ὅθι ποικίλα τεύχεʼ ἔκειτο, 505ῥυμοῦ ἐξερύοι ἢ ἐκφέροι ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας, ἦ ἔτι τῶν πλεόνων Θρῃκῶν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο. εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀθήνη ἐγγύθεν ἱσταμένη προσέφη Διομήδεα δῖον· νόστου δὴ μνῆσαι μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὲ 510νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς, μή πού τις καὶ Τρῶας ἐγείρῃσιν θεὸς ἄλλος. ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης, καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵππων ἐπεβήσετο· κόψε δʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ· τοὶ δʼ ἐπέτοντο θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν. 515οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων ὡς ἴδʼ Ἀθηναίην μετὰ Τυδέος υἱὸν ἕπουσαν· τῇ κοτέων Τρώων κατεδύσετο πουλὺν ὅμιλον, ὦρσεν δὲ Θρῃκῶν βουληφόρον Ἱπποκόωντα Ῥήσου ἀνεψιὸν ἐσθλόν· ὃ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνορούσας 520ὡς ἴδε χῶρον ἐρῆμον, ὅθʼ ἕστασαν ὠκέες ἵπποι, ἄνδράς τʼ ἀσπαίροντας ἐν ἀργαλέῃσι φονῇσιν, ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα φίλον τʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον.

But he tarried and pondered what most reckless deed he might do, whether to take the chariot, where lay the war-gear richly dight, and draw it out by the pole, or lift it on high and so bear it forth, or whether he should rather take the lives of yet more Thracians. The while he was pondering this in heart, even then Athene drew nigh and spake to goodly Diomedes: Bethink thee now of returning, son of great-souled Tydeus, to the hollow ships, lest thou go thither in full flight, and haply some other god rouse up the Trojans. So spake she, and he knew the voice of the goddess as she spoke, and swiftly mounted the horses; and Odysseus smote them with his bow, and they sped toward the swift ships of the Achaeans. But no blind watch did Apollo of the silver bow keep when he saw Athene attending the son of Tydeus; in wrath against her he entered the great throng of the Trojans, and aroused a counsellor of the Thracians, Hippocoön, the noble kinsman of Rhesus. And he leapt up out of sleep, and when he saw the place empty where the swift horses had stood, and the men gasping amid gruesome streams of blood, then he uttered a groan, and called by name upon his dear comrade.

523Τρώων δὲ κλαγγή τε καὶ ἄσπετος ὦρτο κυδοιμὸς θυνόντων ἄμυδις· θηεῦντο δὲ μέρμερα ἔργα 525ὅσσʼ ἄνδρες ῥέξαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας. οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σκοπὸν Ἕκτορος ἔκταν, ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μὲν ἔρυξε Διῒ φίλος ὠκέας ἵππους, Τυδεΐδης δὲ χαμᾶζε θορὼν ἔναρα βροτόεντα ἐν χείρεσσʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ τίθει, ἐπεβήσετο δʼ ἵππων· 530μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τῇ γὰρ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ. Νέστωρ δὲ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε φώνησέν τε· ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες ψεύσομαι, ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; κέλεται δέ με θυμός. 535ἵππων μʼ ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει. αἲ γὰρ δὴ Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ ὃ κρατερὸς Διομήδης ὧδʼ ἄφαρ ἐκ Τρώων ἐλασαίατο μώνυχας ἵππους· ἀλλʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή τι πάθωσιν Ἀργείων οἳ ἄριστοι ὑπὸ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ. 540οὔ πω πᾶν εἴρητο ἔπος ὅτʼ ἄρʼ ἤλυθον αὐτοί.

And from the Trojans arose a clamour and confusion unspeakable as they hasted together; and they gazed upon the terrible deeds, even all that the warriors had wrought and thereafter gone to the hollow ships. But when these were now come to the place where they had slain the spy of Hector, then Odysseus, dear to Zeus, stayed the swift horses, and the son of Tydeus leaping to the ground placed the bloody spoils in the hands of Odysseus, and again mounted; and he touched the horses with the lash, and nothing loath the pair sped on to the hollow ships, for there were they fain to be. And Nestor was first to hear the sound, and he spake, saying: My frieads, leaders and rulers of the Argives, shall I be wrong, or speak the truth? Nay, my heart bids me speak. The sound of swift-footed horses strikes upon mine ears. I would that Odysseus and the valiant Diomedes may even thus speedily have driven forth from among the Trojans single-hooved horses; but wondrously do I fear at heart lest those bravest of the Argives have suffered some ill through the battle din of the Trojans. Not yet was the word fully uttered, when they came themselves.

541καί ῥʼ οἳ μὲν κατέβησαν ἐπὶ χθόνα, τοὶ δὲ χαρέντες δεξιῇ ἠσπάζοντο ἔπεσσί τε μειλιχίοισι· πρῶτος δʼ ἐξερέεινε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· εἴπʼ ἄγε μʼ ὦ πολύαινʼ Ὀδυσεῦ μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν 545ὅππως τοῦσδʼ ἵππους λάβετον καταδύντες ὅμιλον Τρώων, ἦ τίς σφωε πόρεν θεὸς ἀντιβολήσας. αἰνῶς ἀκτίνεσσιν ἐοικότες ἠελίοιο. αἰεὶ μὲν Τρώεσσʼ ἐπιμίσγομαι, οὐδέ τί φημι μιμνάζειν παρὰ νηυσὶ γέρων περ ἐὼν πολεμιστής· 550ἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοίους ἵππους ἴδον οὐδὲ νόησα. ἀλλά τινʼ ὔμμʼ ὀΐω δόμεναι θεὸν ἀντιάσαντα· ἀμφοτέρω γὰρ σφῶϊ φιλεῖ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς κούρη τʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· 555ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν ῥεῖα θεός γʼ ἐθέλων καὶ ἀμείνονας ἠέ περ οἵδε ἵππους δωρήσαιτʼ, ἐπεὶ ἢ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσιν. ἵπποι δʼ οἵδε γεραιὲ νεήλυδες οὓς ἐρεείνεις Θρηΐκιοι· τὸν δέ σφιν ἄνακτʼ ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης 560ἔκτανε, πὰρ δʼ ἑτάρους δυοκαίδεκα πάντας ἀρίστους.

Down they leapt to earth, and the others were seized with joy and welcomed them with hand-clasps and with gentle words. And the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, was first to question them: Come tell me now, Odysseus, greatly to be praised, great glory of the Achaeans, how ye twain took these horses. Was it by entering the throng of the Trojans? Or did some god that met you give you them? Wondrous like are they to rays of the sun. Ever do I mingle in battle with the Trojans and nowise methinks do I tarry by the ships, old warrior though I be; howbeit never yet saw I such horses neither thought of such. Nay, methinks some god hath met you and given you them; for both of you twain doth Zeus the cloud-gatherer love and the daughter of Zeus that beareth the aegis, even flashing-eyed Athene. Then in answer spake unto him Odysseus of many wiles: Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans, easily might a god that willed it bestow even better horses than these, for the gods are mightier far. But these horses, old sir, whereof thou askest, are newly come from Thrace, and their lord did brave Diomedes slay, and beside him twelve of his comrades, all them that were the best.

561τὸν τρισκαιδέκατον σκοπὸν εἵλομεν ἐγγύθι νηῶν, τόν ῥα διοπτῆρα στρατοῦ ἔμμεναι ἡμετέροιο Ἕκτωρ τε προέηκε καὶ ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοί. ὣς εἰπὼν τάφροιο διήλασε μώνυχας ἵππους 565καγχαλόων· ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι ἴσαν χαίροντες Ἀχαιοί. οἳ δʼ ὅτε Τυδεΐδεω κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἵκοντο, ἵππους μὲν κατέδησαν ἐϋτμήτοισιν ἱμᾶσι φάτνῃ ἐφʼ ἱππείῃ, ὅθι περ Διομήδεος ἵπποι ἕστασαν ὠκύποδες μελιηδέα πυρὸν ἔδοντες· 570νηῒ δʼ ἐνὶ πρυμνῇ ἔναρα βροτόεντα Δόλωνος θῆκʼ Ὀδυσεύς, ὄφρʼ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατʼ Ἀθήνῃ. αὐτοὶ δʼ ἱδρῶ πολλὸν ἀπενίζοντο θαλάσσῃ ἐσβάντες κνήμας τε ἰδὲ λόφον ἀμφί τε μηρούς. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί σφιν κῦμα θαλάσσης ἱδρῶ πολλὸν 575νίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτὸς καὶ ἀνέψυχθεν φίλον ἦτορ, ἔς ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθους βάντες ἐϋξέστας λούσαντο. τὼ δὲ λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ δείπνῳ ἐφιζανέτην, ἀπὸ δὲ κρητῆρος Ἀθήνῃ πλείου ἀφυσσόμενοι λεῖβον μελιηδέα οἶνον.

And for the thirteenth we slew a scout near the ships, one that Hector and the other lordly Trojans had sent forth to spy upon our camp. So spake he, and drave the single-hooved horses through the trench, exultingly, and with him went joyously the rest of the Achaeans. But when they were come to the well-builded hut of the son of Tydeus, the horses they bound with shapely thongs at the manger where stood the swift-footed horses of Diomedes, eating honey-sweet corn. And on the stern of his ship did Odysseus place the bloody spoils of Dolon until they should make ready a sacred offering to Athene. But for themselves they entered the sea and washed away the abundant sweat from shins and necks and thighs. And when the wave of the sea had washed the abundant sweat from their skin, and their hearts were refreshed, they went into polished baths and bathed. But when the twain had bathed and anointed them richly with oil, they sate them down at supper, and from the full mixing-bowl they drew off honey-sweet wine and made libation to Athene.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.