Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 22.205–309: The slaying of the suitors: Athena as Mentor

Athena comes to the hall in the likeness of Mentor, and Odysseus calls for his aid, but she rebukes him for lacking his old courage. She flies up to a beam in the roof as a swallow, and the suitors take courage and throw their spears, but Athena turns them aside. Odysseus and his three companions throw in reply and kill four men, and then Athena shakes her aegis and the suitors flee like cattle stung by gadflies.

Lines 22.205–309 · 1097 words · click a number to copy its link
205τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ ἀγχίμολον θυγάτηρ Διὸς ἦλθεν Ἀθήνη, Μέντορι εἰδομένη ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ αὐδήν. τὴν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς γήθησεν ἰδὼν καὶ μῦθον ἔειπε· Μέντορ, ἄμυνον ἀρήν, μνῆσαι δʼ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο, ὅς σʼ ἀγαθὰ ῥέζεσκον· ὁμηλικίην δέ μοί ἐσσι. 210ὣς φάτʼ, ὀϊόμενος λαοσσόον ἔμμεν Ἀθήνην. μνηστῆρες δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ὁμόκλεον ἐν μεγάροισι· πρῶτος τήν γʼ ἐνένιπε Δαμαστορίδης Ἀγέλαος· Μέντορ, μή σʼ ἐπέεσσι παραιπεπίθῃσιν Ὀδυσσεὺς μνηστήρεσσι μάχεσθαι, ἀμυνέμεναι δέ οἱ αὐτῷ. 215ὧδε γὰρ ἡμέτερόν γε νόον τελέεσθαι ὀΐω· ὁππότε κεν τούτους κτέωμεν, πατέρʼ ἠδὲ καὶ υἱόν, ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσιν ἔπειτα πεφήσεαι, οἷα μενοινᾷς ἔρδειν ἐν μεγάροις· σῷ δʼ αὐτοῦ κράατι τίσεις. αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ὑμέων γε βίας ἀφελώμεθα χαλκῷ, 220κτήμαθʼ ὁπόσσα τοί ἐστι, τά τʼ ἔνδοθι καὶ τὰ θύρηφι, τοῖσιν Ὀδυσσῆος μεταμίξομεν· οὐδέ τοι υἷας ζώειν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἐάσομεν, οὐδέ θύγατρας οὐδʼ ἄλοχον κεδνὴν Ἰθάκης κατὰ ἄστυ πολεύειν.

Then Athena, daughter of Zeus, drew near them, like unto Mentor in form and voice, and Odysseus saw her, and was glad; and he spoke, saying: “Mentor, ward off ruin, and remember me, thy dear comrade, who often befriended thee. Thou art of like age with myself.” So he spoke, deeming that it was Athena, the rouser of hosts. But the wooers on the other side shouted aloud in the hall, and first Agelaus, son of Damastor, rebuked Athena, saying: “Mentor, let not Odysseus beguile thee with his words to fight against the wooers and bear aid to himself. For in this wise, methinks, shall our will be brought to pass: when we have killed these men, father and son, thereafter shalt thou too be slain with them, such deeds art thou minded to do in these halls: with thine own head shalt thou pay the price. But when with the sword we have stripped you of your might, all the possessions that thou hast within doors and in the fields we will mingle with those of Odysseus, and will not suffer thy sons or thy daughters to dwell in thy halls, nor thy faithful wife to fare at large in the city of Ithaca.”

224ὣς φάτʼ, Ἀθηναίη δὲ χολώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον, 225νείκεσσεν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα χολωτοῖσιν ἐπέεσσιν· οὐκέτι σοί γʼ, Ὀδυσεῦ, μένος ἔμπεδον οὐδέ τις ἀλκή οἵη ὅτʼ ἀμφʼ Ἑλένῃ λευκωλένῳ εὐπατερείῃ, εἰνάετες Τρώεσσιν ἐμάρναο νωλεμὲς αἰεί, πολλοὺς δʼ ἄνδρας ἔπεφνες ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι, 230σῇ δʼ ἥλω βουλῇ Πριάμου πόλις εὐρυάγυια. πῶς δὴ νῦν, ὅτε σόν τε δόμον καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἱκάνεις, ἄντα μνηστήρων ὀλοφύρεαι ἄλκιμος εἶναι; ἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο, πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο καὶ ἴδε ἔργον, ὄφρʼ εἰδῇς οἷός τοι ἐν ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν 235Μέντωρ Ἀλκιμίδης εὐεργεσίας ἀποτίνειν. ἦ ῥα, καὶ οὔ πω πάγχυ δίδου ἑτεραλκέα νίκην, ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἄρα σθένεός τε καὶ ἀλκῆς πειρήτιζεν ἠμὲν Ὀδυσσῆος ἠδʼ υἱοῦ κυδαλίμοιο. αὐτὴ δʼ αἰθαλόεντος ἀνὰ μεγάροιο μέλαθρον 240ἕζετʼ ἀναΐξασα, χελιδόνι εἰκέλη ἄντην.

So he spoke, and Athena waxed the more wroth at heart, and she rebuked Odysseus with angry words: “Odysseus, no longer hast thou steadfast might nor any valor, such as was thine when for high-born Helen of the white arms thou didst for nine years battle with the Trojans unceasingly, and many men thou slewest in dread conflict, and by thy counsel was the broad-wayed city of Priam taken. How is it that now, when thou hast come to thy house and thine own possessions, thou shrinkest with wailing from playing the man, and that against the wooers? Nay, friend, come hither and take thy stand by my side, and see my deeds, that thou mayest know what manner of man Mentor, son of Alcimus, is to repay kindness in the midst of the foe.” She spoke, but did not give him strength utterly to turn the course of the battle, but still made trial of the might and valor of Odysseus and his glorious son; and for herself, she flew up to the roof-beam of the smoky hall, and sat there in the guise of a swallow to look upon.

241μνηστῆρας δʼ ὤτρυνε Δαμαστορίδης Ἀγέλαος, Εὐρύνομός τε καὶ Ἀμφιμέδων Δημοπτόλεμός τε, Πείσανδρός τε Πολυκτορίδης Πόλυβός τε δαΐφρων· οἱ γὰρ μνηστήρων ἀρετῇ ἔσαν ἔξοχʼ ἄριστοι, 245ὅσσοι ἔτʼ ἔζωον περί τε ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο· τοὺς δʼ ἤδη ἐδάμασσε βιὸς καὶ ταρφέες ἰοί. τοῖς δʼ Ἀγέλεως μετέειπεν, ἔπος πάντεσσι πιφαύσκων· ὦ φίλοι, ἤδη σχήσει ἀνὴρ ὅδε χεῖρας ἀάπτους· καὶ δή οἱ Μέντωρ μὲν ἔβη κενὰ εὔγματα εἰπών, 250οἱ δʼ οἶοι λείπονται ἐπὶ πρώτῃσι θύρῃσι. τῷ νῦν μὴ ἅμα πάντες ἐφίετε δούρατα μακρά, ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ οἱ ἓξ πρῶτον ἀκοντίσατʼ, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δώῃ Ὀδυσσῆα βλῆσθαι καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι. τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὐ κῆδος, ἐπὴν οὗτός γε πέσῃσιν. 255ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκόντισαν ὡς ἐκέλευεν, ἱέμενοι· τὰ δὲ πάντα ἐτώσια θῆκεν Ἀθήνη, τῶν ἄλλος μὲν σταθμὸν ἐϋσταθέος μεγάροιο βεβλήκει, ἄλλος δὲ θύρην πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαν· ἄλλου δʼ ἐν τοίχῳ μελίη πέσε χαλκοβάρεια.

Now the wooers were urged on by Agelaus, son of Damastor, by Eurynomus, and Amphimedon and Demoptolemus and Peisander, son of Polyctor, and wise Polybus, for these were in valiance far the best of all the wooers who still lived and fought for their lives; but the rest the bow and the swiftly-falling arrows had by now laid low. But Agelaus spoke among them, and declared his word to all: “Friends, now at length will this man stay his invincible hands. Lo, Mentor has gone from him, and has but uttered empty boasts, and they are left alone there at the outer doors. Therefore hurl not now upon them your long spears all at once, but come, do you six throw first in the hope that Zeus may grant that Odysseus be struck, and that we win glory. Of the rest there is no care, once he shall have fallen.” So he spoke, and they all hurled their spears, as he bade, eagerly; but Athena made all vain. One man smote the door-post of the well-built hall, another the close-fitting door, another's ashen spear, heavy with bronze, struck upon the wall.

260αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ δούρατʼ ἀλεύαντο μνηστήρων, τοῖς δʼ ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· ὦ φίλοι, ἤδη μέν κεν ἐγὼν εἴποιμι καὶ ἄμμι μνηστήρων ἐς ὅμιλον ἀκοντίσαι, οἳ μεμάασιν ἡμέας ἐξεναρίξαι ἐπὶ προτέροισι κακοῖσιν. 265ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκόντισαν ὀξέα δοῦρα ἄντα τιτυσκόμενοι· Δημοπτόλεμον μὲν Ὀδυσσεύς, Εὐρυάδην δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος, Ἔλατον δὲ συβώτης, Πείσανδρον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ. οἱ μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἅμα πάντες ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας, 270μνηστῆρες δʼ ἀνεχώρησαν μεγάροιο μυχόνδε· τοὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπήϊξαν, νεκύων δʼ ἐξ ἔγχεʼ ἕλοντο. αὖτις δὲ μνηστῆρες ἀκόντισαν ὀξέα δοῦρα ἱέμενοι· τὰ δὲ πολλὰ ἐτώσια θῆκεν Ἀθήνη. τῶν ἄλλος μὲν σταθμὸν ἐϋσταθέος μεγάροιο 275βεβλήκειν, ἄλλος δὲ θύρην πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαν· ἄλλου δʼ ἐν τοίχῳ μελίη πέσε χαλκοβάρεια. Ἀμφιμέδων δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχον βάλε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ λίγδην, ἄκρον δὲ ῥινὸν δηλήσατο χαλκός.

But when they had avoided the spears of the wooers, first among them spoke the much-enduring goodly Odysseus: “Friends, now I give the word that we too cast our spears into the throng of the wooers, who are minded to slay us in addition to their former wrongs.” So he spoke, and they all hurled their sharp spears with sure aim. Odysseus smote Demoptolemus, Telemachus Euryades, the swineherd Elatus, and the herdsmen of the cattle slew Peisander. So these all at the same moment bit the vast floor with their teeth, and the wooers drew back to the innermost part of the hall. But the others sprang forward and drew forth their spears from the dead bodies. Then again the wooers hurled their sharp spears eagerly, but Athena made them vain, many as they were. One man smote the door-post of the well-built hall, another the close-fitting door, another's ashen spear, heavy with bronze, struck upon the wall. But Amphimedon smote Telemachus on the hand by the wrist, a grazing blow, and the bronze tore the surface of the skin.

279Κτήσιππος δʼ Εὔμαιον ὑπὲρ σάκος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ 280ὦμον ἐπέγραψεν· τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο, πῖπτε δʼ ἔραζε. τοὶ δʼ αὖτʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα δαΐφρονα ποικιλομήτην, μνηστήρων ἐς ὅμιλον ἀκόντισαν ὀξέα δοῦρα. ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρυδάμαντα βάλε πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεύς, Ἀμφιμέδοντα δὲ Τηλέμαχος, Πόλυβον δὲ συβώτης· 285Κτήσιππον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνὴρ βεβλήκει πρὸς στῆθος, ἐπευχόμενος δὲ προσηύδα· ὦ Πολυθερσεΐδη φιλοκέρτομε, μή ποτε πάμπαν εἴκων ἀφραδίῃς μέγα εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ θεοῖσιν μῦθον ἐπιτρέψαι, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσι. 290τοῦτό τοι ἀντὶ ποδὸς ξεινήϊον, ὅν ποτʼ ἔδωκας ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆϊ δόμον κάτʼ ἀλητεύοντι. ἦ ῥα βοῶν ἑλίκων ἐπιβουκόλος· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς οὖτα Δαμαστορίδην αὐτοσχεδὸν ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ. Τηλέμαχος δʼ Εὐηνορίδην Λειώκριτον οὖτα 295δουρὶ μέσον κενεῶνα, διαπρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν· ἤριπε δὲ πρηνής, χθόνα δʼ ἤλασε παντὶ μετώπῳ. δὴ τότʼ Ἀθηναίη φθισίμβροτον αἰγίδʼ ἀνέσχεν ὑψόθεν ἐξ ὀροφῆς· τῶν δὲ φρένες ἐπτοίηθεν. οἱ δʼ ἐφέβοντο κατὰ μέγαρον βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαι· 300τὰς μέν τʼ αἰόλος οἶστρος ἐφορμηθεὶς ἐδόνησεν ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τʼ ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται. οἱ δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες ἀγκυλοχεῖλαι, ἐξ ὀρέων ἐλθόντες ἐπʼ ὀρνίθεσσι θόρωσι· ταὶ μέν τʼ ἐν πεδίῳ νέφεα πτώσσουσαι ἵενται, 305οἱ δέ τε τὰς ὀλέκουσιν ἐπάλμενοι, οὐδέ τις ἀλκὴ γίγνεται οὐδὲ φυγή· χαίρουσι δέ τʼ ἀνέρες ἄγρῃ· ὣς ἄρα τοὶ μνηστῆρας ἐπεσσύμενοι κατὰ δῶμα τύπτον ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὤρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς κράτων τυπτομένων, δάπεδον δʼ ἅπαν αἵματι θῦε.

And Ctesippus with his long spear grazed the shoulder of Eumaeus above his shield, but the spear flew over and fell upon the ground. Then once more Odysseus, the wise and crafty-minded, and his company hurled their sharp spears into the throng of the wooers, and again Odysseus, the sacker of cities, smote Eurydamas, and Telemachus Amphimedon, the swineherd Polybus, and thereafter the herdsman of the cattle smote Ctesippus in the breast, and boasted over him, saying: “Son of Polytherses, thou lover of revilings, never more at all do thou speak big, yielding to folly, but leave the matter to the gods, since verily they are mightier far. This is thy gift of welcome to match the hoof which of late thou gavest to godlike Odysseus, when he went begging through the house.” So spoke the herdsman of the sleek cattle. But Odysseus wounded the son of Damastor in close fight with a thrust of his long spear, and Telemachus wounded Leiocritus, son of Evenor, with a spear-thrust full upon the groin, and drove the bronze clean through, and he fell headlong and struck the ground full with his forehead. Then Athena held up her aegis, the bane of mortals, on high from the roof, and the minds of the wooers were panic-stricken, and they fled through the halls like a herd of kine that the darting gad-fly falls upon and drives along in the season of spring, when the long days come. And even as vultures of crooked talons and curved beaks come forth from the mountains and dart upon smaller birds, which scour the plain, flying low beneath the clouds, and the vultures pounce upon them and slay them, and they have no defence or way of escape, and men rejoice at the chase; even so did those others set upon the wooers and smite them left and right through the hall. And therefrom rose hideous groaning as heads were smitten, and all the floor swam with blood.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Odyssey Book 22, lines 205–309: The slaying of the suitors