Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 21.188–244: Odysseus reveals himself to the herdsmen

Eumaeus and Philoetius leave the hall, and Odysseus follows them out to ask what they would do if Odysseus came home. They both say that they would fight for him, and Odysseus shows them the scar and tells them who he is. He tells them to bar the courtyard gates and to give him the bow when the time comes.

Lines 21.188–244 · 652 words · click a number to copy its link
188τὼ δʼ ἐξ οἴκου βῆσαν ὁμαρτήσαντες ἅμʼ ἄμφω βουκόλος ἠδὲ συφορβὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο· 190ἐκ δʼ αὐτὸς μετὰ τοὺς δόμου ἤλυθε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκτὸς θυρέων ἔσαν ἠδὲ καὶ αὐλῆς, φθεγξάμενός σφε ἔπεσσι προσηύδα μειλιχίοισι· βουκόλε καὶ σύ, συφορβέ, ἔπος τί κε μυθησαίμην, ἦ αὐτὸς κεύθω; φάσθαι δέ με θυμὸς ἀνώγει. 195ποῖοί κʼ εἶτʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ ἀμυνέμεν, εἴ ποθεν ἔλθοι ὧδε μάλʼ ἐξαπίνης καί τις θεὸς αὐτὸν ἐνείκαι; ἤ κε μνηστήρεσσιν ἀμύνοιτʼ ἦ Ὀδυσῆϊ; εἴπαθʼ ὅπως ὑμέας κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ· 200Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἲ γὰρ τοῦτο τελευτήσειας ἐέλδωρ, ὡς ἔλθοι μὲν κεῖνος ἀνήρ, ἀγάγοι δέ ἑ δαίμων· γνοίης χʼ οἵη ἐμὴ δύναμις καὶ χεῖρες ἕπονται. ὣς δʼ αὔτως Εὔμαιος ἐπεύχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσι νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε. 205αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τῶν γε νόον νημερτέʼ ἀνέγνω, ἐξαῦτίς σφε ἔπεσσιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν· ἔνδον μὲν δὴ ὅδʼ αὐτὸς ἐγώ, κακὰ πολλὰ μογήσας ἤλυθον εἰκοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.

Now Antinous was still persisting and godlike Eurymachus, leaders of the wooers, who were far the best in valiance; but those other two had gone forth both together from the hall, the neatherd and the swineherd of divine Odysseus; and after them Odysseus himself went forth from the house. But when they were now outside the gates and the court, he spoke and addressed them with gentle words: “Neatherd, and thou too swineherd, shall I tell you something or keep it to myself? Nay, my spirit bids me tell it. What manner of men would you be to defend Odysseus, if he should come from somewhere thus suddenly, and some god should bring him? Would you bear aid to the wooers or to Odysseus? Speak out as your heart and spirit bid you.” Then the herdsmen of the cattle answered him: “Father Zeus, oh that thou wouldest fulfil this wish! Grant that that man may come back, and that some god may guide him. Then shouldest thou know what manner of might is mine, and how my hands obey.” And even in like manner did Eumaeus pray to all the gods that wise Odysseus; might come back to his own home. But when he knew with certainty the mind of these, he made answer, and spoke to them again, saying: “At home now in truth am I here before you, my very self. After many grievous toils I am come in the twentieth year to my native land.

209γιγνώσκω δʼ ὡς σφῶϊν ἐελδομένοισιν ἱκάνω 210οἴοισι δμώων· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τευ ἄκουσα εὐξαμένου ἐμὲ αὖτις ὑπότροπον οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι. σφῶϊν δʼ, ὡς ἔσεταί περ, ἀληθείην καταλέξω. εἴ χʼ ὑπʼ ἐμοί γε θεὸς δαμάσῃ μνηστῆρας ἀγαυούς, ἄξομαι ἀμφοτέροις ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματʼ ὀπάσσω 215οἰκία τʼ ἐγγὺς ἐμεῖο τετυγμένα· καί μοι ἔπειτα Τηλεμάχου ἑτάρω τε κασιγνήτω τε ἔσεσθον. εἰ δʼ ἄγε δή, καὶ σῆμα ἀριφραδὲς ἄλλο τι δείξω, ὄφρα μʼ ἐῢ γνῶτον πιστωθῆτόν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ, οὐλήν, τήν ποτέ με σῦς ἤλασε λευκῷ ὀδόντι 220Παρνησόνδʼ ἐλθόντα σὺν υἱάσιν Αὐτολύκοιο. ὣς εἰπὼν ῥάκεα μεγάλης ἀποέργαθεν οὐλῆς. τὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ εἰσιδέτην εὖ τʼ ἐφράσσαντο ἕκαστα, κλαῖον ἄρʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ δαΐφρονι χεῖρε βαλόντε, καὶ κύνεον ἀγαπαζόμενοι κεφαλήν τε καὶ ὤμους 225ὣς δʼ αὔτως Ὀδυσεὺς κεφαλὰς καὶ χεῖρας ἔκυσσε. καί νύ κʼ ὀδυρομένοισιν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο, εἰ μὴ Ὀδυσσεὺς αὐτὸς ἐρύκακε φώνησέν τε· παύεσθον κλαυθμοῖο γόοιό τε, μή τις ἴδηται ἐξελθὼν μεγάροιο, ἀτὰρ εἴπῃσι καὶ εἴσω. 230ἀλλὰ προμνηστῖνοι ἐσέλθετε, μηδʼ ἅμα πάντες, πρῶτος ἐγώ, μετὰ δʼ ὔμμες· ἀτὰρ τόδε σῆμα τετύχθω· ἄλλοι μὲν γὰρ πάντες, ὅσοι μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοί, οὐκ ἐάσουσιν ἐμοὶ δόμεναι βιὸν ἠδὲ φαρέτρην· ἀλλὰ σύ, δῖʼ Εὔμαιε, φέρων ἀνὰ δώματα τόξον 235ἐν χείρεσσιν ἐμοὶ θέμεναι, εἰπεῖν τε γυναιξὶ κληῗσαι μεγάροιο θύρας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας, ἢν δέ τις ἢ στοναχῆς ἠὲ κτύπου ἔνδον ἀκούσῃ ἀνδρῶν ἡμετέροισιν ἐν ἕρκεσι, μή τι θύραζε προβλώσκειν, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ ἀκὴν ἔμεναι παρὰ ἔργῳ. 240σοὶ δέ, Φιλοίτιε δῖε, θύρας ἐπιτέλλομαι αὐλῆς κληῗσαι κληῗδι, θοῶς δʼ ἐπὶ δεσμὸν ἰῆλαι. ὣς εἰπὼν εἰσῆλθε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας· ἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ δίφρον ἰών, ἔνθεν περ ἀνέστη· ἐς δʼ ἄρα καὶ τὼ δμῶε ἴτην θείου Ὀδυσῆος.

And I know that by you two alone of all my thralls is my coming desired, but of the rest have I heard not one praying that I might come back again to my home. But to you two will I tell the truth, even as it shall be. If a god shall subdue the lordly wooers unto me, I will bring you each a wife, and will give you possessions and a house built near my own, and thereafter you two shall be in my eyes friends and brothers of Telemachus. Nay, come, more than this, I will shew you also a manifest sign, that you may know me well and be assured in heart, even the scar of the wound which long ago a boar dealt me with his white tusk, when I went to Parnassus with the sons of Autolycus.” So saying, he drew aside the rags from the great scar. And when the two had seen it, and had marked each thing well, they flung their arms about wise Odysseus, and wept; and they kissed his head and shoulders in loving welcome. And even in like manner Odysseus kissed their heads and hands. And now the light of the sun would have gone down upon their weeping, had not Odysseus himself checked them, and said: “Cease now from weeping and wailing, lest some one come forth from the hall and see us, and make it known within as well. But go within one after another, not all together, I first and you thereafter, and let this be made a sign. All the rest, as many as are lordly wooers, will not suffer the bow and the quiver to be given to me; but do thou, goodly Eumaeus, as thou bearest the bow through the halls, place it in my hands, and bid the women bar the close-fitting doors of their hall. And if any one of them hears groanings or the din of men within our walls, let them not rush out, but remain where they are in silence at their work. But to thee, goodly Philoetius, do I give charge to fasten with a bar the gate of the court, and swiftly to cast a cord upon it.” So saying, he entered the stately house, and went and sat down on the seat from which he had risen. And the two slaves of divine Odysseus went in as well.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.