Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 19.96–163: Penelope questions the stranger

Penelope has a chair set for the stranger by the fire and asks him who he is. Odysseus answers that she should not ask about his family and country, which would make him weep, and praises her fame. Penelope tells how the gods ruined her beauty when Odysseus left, how she put off the suitors with the web of Laertes' shroud, and how her parents now urge her to remarry.

Lines 19.96–163 · 756 words · click a number to copy its link
96ἦ ῥα καὶ Εὐρυνόμην ταμίην πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· Εὐρυνόμη, φέρε δὴ δίφρον καὶ κῶας ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ, ὄφρα καθεζόμενος εἴπῃ ἔπος ἠδʼ ἐπακούσῃ ὁ ξεῖνος ἐμέθεν· ἐθέλω δέ μιν ἐξερέεσθαι. 100ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡ δὲ μάλʼ ὀτραλέως κατέθηκε φέρουσα δίφρον ἐΰξεστον καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ κῶας ἔβαλλεν· ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς. τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια· ξεῖνε, τὸ μέν σε πρῶτον ἐγὼν εἰρήσομαι αὐτή· 105τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες; τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· ὦ γύναι, οὐκ ἄν τίς σε βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν νεικέοι· ἦ γάρ σευ κλέος οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἱκάνει, ὥς τέ τευ ἢ βασιλῆος ἀμύμονος, ὅς τε θεουδὴς 110ἀνδράσιν ἐν πολλοῖσι καὶ ἰφθίμοισιν ἀνάσσων εὐδικίας ἀνέχῃσι, φέρῃσι δὲ γαῖα μέλαινα πυροὺς καὶ κριθάς, βρίθῃσι δὲ δένδρεα καρπῷ, τίκτῃ δʼ ἔμπεδα μῆλα, θάλασσα δὲ παρέχῃ ἰχθῦς ἐξ εὐηγεσίης, ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ.

With this she spoke also to the housewife Eurynome, and said: “Eurynome, bring hither a chair and a fleece upon it, that the stranger may sit down and tell his tale, and listen to me; for I am fain to ask him of all things.” So she spoke, and Eurynome speedily brought a polished chair and set it in place, and on it cast a fleece. Then the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus sat down upon it, and the wise Penelope spoke first, and said: “Stranger, this question will I myself ask thee first. Who art thou among men, and from whence? Where is thy city, and where thy parents?” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered her, and said: “Lady, no one of mortals upon the boundless earth could find fault with thee, for thy fame goes up to the broad heaven, as does the fame of some blameless king, who with the fear of the gods in his heart, is lord over many mighty men, upholding justice; and the black earth bears wheat and barley, and the trees are laden with fruit, the flocks bring forth young unceasingly, and the sea yields fish, all from his good leading; and the people prosper under him.

115τῷ ἐμὲ νῦν τὰ μὲν ἄλλα μετάλλα σῷ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ, μηδʼ ἐμὸν ἐξερέεινε γένος καὶ πατρίδα γαῖαν, μή μοι μᾶλλον θυμὸν ἐνιπλήσῃς ὀδυνάων μνησαμένῳ μάλα δʼ εἰμὶ πολύστονος· οὐδέ τί με χρὴ οἴκῳ ἐν ἀλλοτρίῳ γοόωντά τε μυρόμενόν τε 120ἧσθαι, ἐπεὶ κάκιον πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί· μή τίς μοι δμῳῶν νεμεσήσεται, ἠὲ σύ γʼ αὐτή, φῇ δὲ δακρυπλώειν βεβαρηότα με φρένας οἴνῳ. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περίφρων Πηνελόπεια· ξεῖνʼ, ἦ τοι μὲν ἐμὴν ἀρετὴν εἶδός τε δέμας τε 125ὤλεσαν ἀθάνατοι, ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰσανέβαινον Ἀργεῖοι, μετὰ τοῖσι δʼ ἐμὸς πόσις ᾖεν Ὀδυσσεύς εἰ κεῖνός γʼ ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι, μεῖζον κε κλέος εἴη ἐμὸν καὶ κάλλιον οὕτως. νῦν δʼ ἄχομαι· τόσα γάρ μοι ἐπέσσευεν κακὰ δαίμων. 130ὅσσοι γὰρ νήσοισιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι, Δουλιχίῳ τε Σάμῃ τε καὶ ὑλήεντι Ζακύνθῳ, οἵ τʼ αὐτὴν Ἰθάκην εὐδείελον ἀμφινέμονται, οἵ μʼ ἀεκαζομένην μνῶνται, τρύχουσι δὲ οἶκον.

Wherefore question me now in thy house of all things else, but ask not concerning my race and my native land, lest thou fill my heart the more with pains, as I think thereon; for I am a man of many sorrows. Moreover it is not fitting that I should sit weeping and wailing in another's house, for it is ill to grieve ever without ceasing. I would not that one of thy maidens or thine own self be vexed with me, and say that I swim in tears because my mind is heavy with wine.” Then wise Penelope answered him: “Stranger, all excellence of mine, both of beauty and of form, the immortals destroyed on the day when the Argives embarked for Ilios, and with them went my husband, Odysseus. If he might but come, and watch over this life of mine, greater would be my fame and fairer. But now I am in sorrow, so many woes has some god brought upon me. For all the princes who hold sway over the islands—Dulichium and Same and wooded Zacynthus—and those who dwell around in clear-seen Ithaca itself, all these woo me against my will, and lay waste my house.

134τῷ οὔτε ξείνων ἐμπάζομαι οὔθʼ ἱκετάων 135οὔτε τι κηρύκων, οἳ δημιοεργοὶ ἔασιν· ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσῆ ποθέουσα φίλον κατατήκομαι ἦτορ. οἱ δὲ γάμον σπεύδουσιν· ἐγὼ δὲ δόλους τολυπεύω. φᾶρος μέν μοι πρῶτον ἐνέπνευσε φρεσὶ δαίμων, στησαμένῃ μέγαν ἱστόν, ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὑφαίνειν, 140λεπτὸν καὶ περίμετρον· ἄφαρ δʼ αὐτοῖς μετέειπον· κοῦροι, ἐμοὶ μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ θάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, μίμνετʼ ἐπειγόμενοι τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον, εἰς ὅ κε φᾶρος ἐκτελέσω—μή μοι μεταμώνια νήματʼ ὄληται— Λαέρτῃ ἥρωϊ ταφήϊον, εἰς ὅτε κέν μιν 145μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο· μή τίς μοι κατὰ δῆμον Ἀχαιϊάδων νεμεσήσῃ, αἴ κεν ἄτερ σπείρου κεῖται πολλὰ κτεατίσσας. ὣς ἐφάμην, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπεπείθετο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ. ἔνθα καὶ ἠματίη μὲν ὑφαίνεσκον μέγαν ἱστόν, 150νύκτας δʼ ἀλλύεσκον, ἐπεὶ δαΐδας παραθείμην. ὣς τρίετες μὲν ἔληθον ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειθον Ἀχαιούς· ἀλλʼ ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, μηνῶν φθινόντων, περὶ δʼ ἤματα πόλλʼ ἐτελέσθη, καὶ τότε δή με διὰ δμῳάς, κύνας οὐκ ἀλεγούσας, 155εἷλον ἐπελθόντες καὶ ὁμόκλησαν ἐπέεσσιν. ὣς τὸ μὲν ἐξετέλεσσα, καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσʼ, ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης· νῦν δʼ οὔτʼ ἐκφυγέειν δύναμαι γάμον οὔτε τινʼ ἄλλην μῆτιν ἔθʼ εὑρίσκω· μάλα δʼ ὀτρύνουσι τοκῆες γήμασθʼ, ἀσχαλάᾳ δὲ πάϊς βίοτον κατεδόντων, 160γιγνώσκων· ἤδη γὰρ ἀνὴρ οἷός τε μάλιστα οἴκου κήδεσθαι, τῷ τε Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς μοι εἰπὲ τεὸν γένος, ὁππόθεν ἐσσί. οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι παλαιφάτου οὐδʼ ἀπὸ πέτρης.

Wherefore I pay no heed to strangers or to suppliants or in any wise to heralds, whose trade is a public one; but in longing for Odysseus I waste my heart away. So these men urge on my marriage, and I wind a skein of wiles. First some god breathed the thought in my heart to set up a great web in my halls and fall to weaving a robe— fine of thread was the web and very wide; and I straightway spoke among them: “‘Young men, my wooers, since goodly Odysseus is dead, be patient, though eager for my marriage, until I finish this robe—I would not that my spinning should come to naught—a shroud for the lord Laertes against the time when the fell fate of grievous death shall strike him down; lest any one of the Achaean women in the land should be wroth with me, if he were to lie without a shroud, who had won great possessions.’ “So I spoke, and their proud hearts consented. Then day by day I would weave at the great web, but by night would unravel it, when I had let place torches by me. Thus for three years I kept the Achaeans from knowing, and beguiled them; but when the fourth year came, as the seasons rolled on, as the months waned, and the many days were brought in their course, then verily by the help of my maidens, shameless creatures and reckless, they came upon me and caught me, and upbraided me loudly. So I finished the web against my will perforce. And now I can neither escape the marriage nor devise any counsel more, and my parents are pressing me to marry, and my son frets, while these men devour his livelihood, as he takes note of it all; for by now he is a man, and fully able to care for a household to which Zeus grants honor. Yet even so tell me of thy stock from whence thou art; for thou art not sprung from an oak of ancient story, or from a stone.”

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.