Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 20.240–394: The suitors' feast; Ctesippus and the omen

The suitors plan to kill Telemachus, but an eagle flying on their left with a dove stops them. Telemachus gives the stranger a seat and a table, and Ctesippus throws an ox's hoof at him, which misses, and Telemachus tells him that he would have run him through with his spear. Theoclymenus foresees blood on the walls and a shadow of death over the suitors, and leaves the hall.

Lines 20.240–394 · 1657 words · click a number to copy its link
240ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, μνηστῆρες δʼ ἄρα Τηλεμάχῳ θάνατόν τε μόρον τε ἤρτυον· αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀριστερὸς ἤλυθεν ὄρνις, αἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης, ἔχε δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν. τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀμφίνομος ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν· 245ὦ φίλοι, οὐχ ἡμῖν συνθεύσεται ἥδε γε βουλή, Τηλεμάχοιο φόνος· ἀλλὰ μνησώμεθα δαιτός. ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀμφίνομος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος. ἐλθόντες δʼ ἐς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο χλαίνας μὲν κατέθεντο κατὰ κλισμούς τε θρόνους τε, 250οἱ δʼ ἱέρευον ὄϊς μεγάλους καὶ πίονας αἶγας, ἵρευον δὲ σύας σιάλους καὶ βοῦν ἀγελαίην· σπλάγχνα δʼ ἄρʼ ὀπτήσαντες ἐνώμων, ἐν δέ τε οἶνον κρητῆρσιν κερόωντο· κύπελλα δὲ νεῖμε συβώτης. σῖτον δέ σφʼ ἐπένειμε Φιλοίτιος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, 255καλοῖς ἐν κανέοισιν, ἐῳνοχόει δὲ Μελανθεύς. οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.

Thus they spoke to one another, but the wooers meanwhile were plotting death and fate for Telemachus; howbeit there came to them a bird on their left, an eagle of lofty flight, clutching a timid dove. Then Amphinomus spoke in their assembly, and said: “Friends, this plan of ours will not run to our liking, even the slaying of Telemachus; nay, let us bethink us of the feast.” So spoke Amphinomus, and his word was pleasing to them. Then, going into the house of godlike Odysseus, they laid their cloaks on the chairs and high seats, and men fell to slaying great sheep and fat goats, aye, and fatted swine, and the heifer of the herd. Then they roasted the entrails and served them out, and mixed wine in the bowls, and the swineherd handed out the cups. And Philoetius, a leader of men, handed them bread in a beautiful basket, and Melanthius poured them wine. So they put forth their hands to the good cheer lying ready before them.

257Τηλέμαχος δʼ Ὀδυσῆα καθίδρυε, κέρδεα νωμῶν, ἐντὸς ἐϋσταθέος μεγάρου, παρὰ λάϊνον οὐδόν, δίφρον ἀεικέλιον καταθεὶς ὀλίγην τε τράπεζαν· 260πὰρ δʼ ἐτίθει σπλάγχνων μοίρας, ἐν δʼ οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν ἧσο μετʼ ἀνδράσιν οἰνοποτάζων· κερτομίας δέ τοι αὐτὸς ἐγὼ καὶ χεῖρας ἀφέξω πάντων μνηστήρων, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι δήμιός ἐστιν 265οἶκος ὅδʼ, ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσῆος, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος. ὑμεῖς δέ, μνηστῆρες, ἐπίσχετε θυμὸν ἐνιπῆς καὶ χειρῶν, ἵνα μή τις ἔρις καὶ νεῖκος ὄρηται. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες Τηλέμαχον θαύμαζον, ὃ θαρσαλέως ἀγόρευε. 270τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός· καὶ χαλεπόν περ ἐόντα δεχώμεθα μῦθον, Ἀχαιοί, Τηλεμάχου· μάλα δʼ ἧμιν ἀπειλήσας ἀγορεύει. οὐ γὰρ Ζεὺς εἴασε Κρονίων· τῷ κέ μιν ἤδη παύσαμεν ἐν μεγάροισι, λιγύν περ ἐόντʼ ἀγορητήν. 275ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἐμπάζετο μύθων.

But Telemachus, with crafty thought, made Odysseus sit within the well-built hall by the threshold of stone, and placed for him a mean stool and a little table. Beside him he set portions of the entrails and poured wine in a cup of gold, and said to him: “Sit down here among the lords and drink thy wine, and the revilings and blows of all the wooers will I myself ward from thee; for this is no public resort, but the house of Odysseus, and it was for me that he won it. And for your part, ye wooers, refrain your minds from rebukes and blows, that no strife or quarrel may arise.” So he spoke, and they all bit their lips and marvelled at Telemachus for that he spoke boldly; and Antinous, son of Eupeithes, spoke among them, saying: “Hard though it be, Achaeans, let us accept the word of Telemachus, though boldly he threatens us in his speech. For Zeus, son of Cronos, did not suffer it, else would we ere now have silenced him in the halls, clear-voiced talker though he is.” So spoke Antinous, but Telemachus paid no heed to his words.

276κήρυκες δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ θεῶν ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ἦγον· τοὶ δʼ ἀγέροντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ ἄλσος ὕπο σκιερὸν ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος. οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤπτησαν κρέʼ ὑπέρτερα καὶ ἐρύσαντο, 280μοίρας δασσάμενοι δαίνυντʼ ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα· πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆϊ μοῖραν θέσαν οἳ πονέοντο ἴσην, ὡς αὐτοί περ ἐλάγχανον· ὣς γὰρ ἀνώγει Τηλέμαχος, φίλος υἱὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο. μνηστῆρας δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἀγήνορας εἴα Ἀθήνη 285λώβης ἴσχεσθαι θυμαλγέος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον δύη ἄχος κραδίην Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα. ἦν δέ τις ἐν μνηστῆρσιν ἀνὴρ ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς, Κτήσιππος δʼ ὄνομʼ ἔσκε, Σάμῃ δʼ ἐνὶ οἰκία ναῖεν· ὃς δή τοι κτεάτεσσι πεποιθὼς θεσπεσίοισι 290μνάσκετʼ Ὀδυσσῆος δὴν οἰχομένοιο δάμαρτα. ὅς ῥα τότε μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μετηύδα· κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες, ὄφρα τι εἴπω· μοῖραν μὲν δὴ ξεῖνος ἔχει πάλαι, ὡς ἐπέοικεν, ἴσην· οὐ γὰρ καλὸν ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον 295ξείνους Τηλεμάχου, ὅς κεν τάδε δώμαθʼ ἵκηται.

Meanwhile the heralds were leading through the city the holy hecatomb of the gods, and the long-haired Achaeans gathered together beneath a shady grove of Apollo, the archer-god. But when they had roasted the outer flesh and drawn it off the spits, they divided the portions and feasted a glorious feast. And by Odysseus those who served set a portion equal to that which they received themselves, for so Telemachus commanded, the dear son of divine Odysseus. But the proud wooers Athena would in no wise suffer to abstain from bitter outrage, that pain might sink yet deeper into the heart of Odysseus, son of Laertes. There was among the wooers a man with his heart set on lawlessness—Ctesippus was his name, and in Same was his dwelling—who, trusting forsooth in his boundless wealth, wooed the wife of Odysseus, that had long been gone. He it was who now spoke among the haughty wooers: “Hear me, ye proud wooers, that I may say somewhat. A portion has the stranger long had, an equal portion, as is meet; for it is not well nor just to rob of their due the guests of Telemachus, whosoever he be that comes to this house.

296ἀλλʼ ἄγε οἱ καὶ ἐγὼ δῶ ξείνιον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὸς ἠὲ λοετροχόῳ δώῃ γέρας ἠέ τῳ ἄλλῳ δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο. ὣς εἰπὼν ἔρριψε βοὸς πόδα χειρὶ παχείῃ. 300κείμενον ἐκ κανέοιο λαβών· ὁ δʼ ἀλεύατʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦκα παρακλίνας κεφαλήν, μείδησε δὲ θυμῷ σαρδάνιον μάλα τοῖον· ὁ δʼ εὔδμητον βάλε τοῖχον. Κτήσιππον δʼ ἄρα Τηλέμαχος ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ· Κτήσιππʼ, ἦ μάλα τοι τόδε κέρδιον ἔπλετο θυμῷ· 305οὐκ ἔβαλες τὸν ξεῖνον· ἀλεύατο γὰρ βέλος αὐτός. ἦ γάρ κέν σε μέσον βάλον ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι, καί κέ τοι ἀντὶ γάμοιο πατὴρ τάφον ἀμφεπονεῖτο ἐνθάδε. τῷ μή τίς μοι ἀεικείας ἐνὶ οἴκῳ φαινέτω· ἤδη γὰρ νοέω καὶ οἶδα ἕκαστα, 310ἐσθλά τε καὶ τὰ χέρηα· πάρος δʼ ἔτι νήπιος ἦα. ἀλλʼ ἔμπης τάδε μὲν καὶ τέτλαμεν εἰσορόωντες, μήλων σφαζομένων οἴνοιό τε πινομένοιο καὶ σίτου· χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐρυκακέειν ἕνα πολλούς.

Nay, come, I too will give him a stranger's-gift, that he in turn may give a present either to the bath-woman or to some other of the slaves who are in the house of godlike Odysseus.” So saying, he hurled with strong hand the hoof of an ox, taking it up from the basket where it lay. But Odysseus avoided it with a quick turn of his head, and in his heart he smiled a right grim and bitter smile; and the ox's hoof struck the well-built wall. Then Telemachus rebuked Ctesippus, and said: “Ctesippus, verily this thing fell out more to thy soul's profit. Thou didst not smite the stranger, for he himself avoided thy missile, else surely would I have struck thee through the middle with my sharp spear, and instead of a wedding feast thy father would have been busied with a funeral feast in this land. Wherefore let no man, I warn you, make a show of forwardness in my house; for now I mark and understand all things, the good and the evil, whereas heretofore I was but a child. But none the less we still endure to see these deeds, while sheep are slaughtered, and wine drunk, and bread consumed, for hard it is for one man to restrain many.

314ἀλλʼ ἄγε μηκέτι μοι κακὰ ῥέζετε δυσμενέοντες· 315εἰ δʼ ἤδη μʼ αὐτὸν κτεῖναι μενεαίνετε χαλκῷ, καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην, καί κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη τεθνάμεν ἢ τάδε γʼ αἰὲν ἀεικέα ἔργʼ ὁράασθαι, ξείνους τε στυφελιζομένους δμῳάς τε γυναῖκας ῥυστάζοντας ἀεικελίως κατὰ δώματα καλά. 320ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ· ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε Δαμαστορίδης Ἀγέλαος· ὦ φίλοι, οὐκ ἂν δή τις ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ ἀντιβίοις ἐπέεσσι καθαπτόμενος χαλεπαίνοι· μήτε τι τὸν ξεῖνον στυφελίζετε μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον 325δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο. Τηλεμάχῳ δέ κε μῦθον ἐγὼ καὶ μητέρι φαίην ἤπιον, εἴ σφωϊν κραδίῃ ἅδοι ἀμφοτέροιϊν. ὄφρα μὲν ὑμῖν θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐώλπει νοστήσειν Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε, 330τόφρʼ οὔ τις νέμεσις μενέμεν τʼ ἦν ἰσχέμεναί τε μνηστῆρας κατὰ δώματʼ, ἐπεὶ τόδε κέρδιον ἦεν, εἰ νόστησʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ ὑπότροπος ἵκετο δῶμα· νῦν δʼ ἤδη τόδε δῆλον, ὅ τʼ οὐκέτι νόστιμός ἐστιν.

Yet come, no longer work me harm of your evil wills. But if you are minded even now to slay me myself with the sword, even that would I choose, and it would be better far to die than continually to behold these shameful deeds, strangers mishandled and men dragging the handmaidens in shameful fashion through the fair hall.” So he spoke, and they were all hushed in silence, but at last there spoke among them Agelaus, son of Damastor: “Friends, no man in answer to what has been fairly spoken would wax wroth and make reply with wrangling words. Abuse not any more the stranger nor any of the slaves that are in the house of divine Odysseus. But to Telemachus and his mother I would speak a gentle word, if perchance it may find favour in the minds of both. So long as the hearts in your breasts had hope that wise Odysseus would return to his own house, so long there was no ground for blame that you waited, and restrained the wooers in your halls; for this was the better course, had Odysseus returned and come back to his house. But now this is plain, that he will return no more.

334ἀλλʼ ἄγε, σῇ τάδε μητρὶ παρεζόμενος κατάλεξον, 335γήμασθʼ ὅς τις ἄριστος ἀνὴρ καὶ πλεῖστα πόρῃσιν, ὄφρα σὺ μὲν χαίρων πατρώϊα πάντα νέμηαι, ἔσθων καὶ πίνων, ἡ δʼ ἄλλου δῶμα κομίζῃ. τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα· οὐ μὰ Ζῆνʼ, Ἀγέλαε, καὶ ἄλγεα πατρὸς ἐμοῖο, 340ὅς που τῆλʼ Ἰθάκης ἢ ἔφθιται ἢ ἀλάληται, οὔ τι διατρίβω μητρὸς γάμον, ἀλλὰ κελεύω γήμασθʼ ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃ, ποτὶ δʼ ἄσπετα δῶρα δίδωμι. αἰδέομαι δʼ ἀέκουσαν ἀπὸ μεγάροιο δίεσθαι μύθῳ ἀναγκαίῳ· μὴ τοῦτο θεὸς τελέσειεν. 345ὣς φάτο Τηλέμαχος· μνηστῆρσι δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη ἄσβεστον γέλω ὦρσε, παρέπλαγξεν δὲ νόημα. οἱ δʼ ἤδη γναθμοῖσι γελοίων ἀλλοτρίοισιν, αἱμοφόρυκτα δὲ δὴ κρέα ἤσθιον· ὄσσε δʼ ἄρα σφέων δακρυόφιν πίμπλαντο, γόον δʼ ὠΐετο θυμός. 350τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Θεοκλύμενος θεοειδής· ἆ δειλοί, τί κακὸν τόδε πάσχετε; νυκτὶ μὲν ὑμέων εἰλύαται κεφαλαί τε πρόσωπά τε νέρθε τε γοῦνα.

Nay then, come, sit by thy mother and tell her this, namely that she must wed him whosoever is the best man, and who offers the most gifts; to the end that thou mayest enjoy in peace all the heritage of thy fathers, eating and drinking, and that she may keep the house of another.” Then wise Telemachus answered him: “Nay, by Zeus, Agelaus, and by the woes of my father, who somewhere far from Ithaca has perished or is wandering, in no wise do I delay my mother's marriage, but I bid her wed what man she will, and I offer besides gifts past counting. But I am ashamed to drive her forth from the hall against her will by a word of compulsion. May God never bring such a thing to pass.” So spoke Telemachus, but among the wooers Pallas Athena roused unquenchable laughter, and turned their wits awry. And now they laughed with alien lips, and all bedabbled with blood was the flesh they ate, and their eyes were filled with tears and their spirits set on wailing. Then among them spoke godlike Theoclymenus: “Ah, wretched men, what evil is this that you suffer?

353οἰμωγὴ δὲ δέδηε, δεδάκρυνται δὲ παρειαί, αἵματι δʼ ἐρράδαται τοῖχοι καλαί τε μεσόδμαι· 355εἰδώλων δὲ πλέον πρόθυρον, πλείη δὲ καὶ αὐλή, ἱεμένων Ἔρεβόσδε ὑπὸ ζόφον· ἠέλιος δὲ οὐρανοῦ ἐξαπόλωλε, κακὴ δʼ ἐπιδέδρομεν ἀχλύς. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν. τοῖσιν δʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν· 360ἀφραίνει ξεῖνος νέον ἄλλοθεν εἰληλουθώς. ἀλλά μιν αἶψα, νέοι, δόμου ἐκπέμψασθε θύραζε εἰς ἀγορὴν ἔρχεσθαι, ἐπεὶ τάδε νυκτὶ ἐΐσκει. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Θεοκλύμενος θεοειδής· Εὐρύμαχʼ, οὔ τί σʼ ἄνωγα ἐμοὶ πομπῆας ὀπάζειν· 365εἰσί μοι ὀφθαλμοί τε καὶ οὔατα καὶ πόδες ἄμφω καὶ νόος ἐν στήθεσσι τετυγμένος οὐδὲν ἀεικής. τοῖς ἔξειμι θύραζε, ἐπεὶ νοέω κακὸν ὔμμιν ἐρχόμενον, τό κεν οὔ τις ὑπεκφύγοι οὐδʼ ἀλέαιτο μνηστήρων, οἳ δῶμα κάτʼ ἀντιθέου Ὀδυσῆος 370ἀνέρας ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανάασθε. ὣς εἰπὼν ἐξῆλθε δόμων εὖ ναιεταόντων, ἵκετο δʼ ἐς Πείραιον, ὅ μιν πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο.

Shrouded in night are your heads and your faces and your knees beneath you; kindled is the sound of wailing, bathed in tears are your cheeks, and sprinkled with blood are the walls and the fair rafters. And full of ghosts is the porch and full the court, of ghosts that hasten down to Erebus beneath the darkness, and the sun has perished out of heaven and an evil mist hovers over all.” So he spoke, but they all laughed merrily at him. And among them Eurymachus, son of Polybus, was the first to speak: “Mad is the stranger that has newly come from abroad. Quick, ye youths, convey him forth out of doors to go his way to the place of assembly, since here he finds it like night.” Then godlike Theoclymenus answered him: “Eurymachus, in no wise do I bid thee give me guides for my way. I have eyes and ears and my two feet, and a mind in my breast that is in no wise meanly fashioned. With these will I go forth out of doors, for I mark evil coming upon you which not one of the wooers may escape or avoid, of all you who in the house of godlike Odysseus insult men and devise wicked folly.” So saying, he went forth from the stately halls and came to Piraeus, who received him with a ready heart.

373μνηστῆρες δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐς ἀλλήλους ὁρόωντες Τηλέμαχον ἐρέθιζον, ἐπὶ ξείνοις γελόωντες· 375ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε νέων ὑπερηνορεόντων· Τηλέμαχʼ, οὔ τις σεῖο κακοξεινώτερος ἄλλος· οἷον μέν τινα τοῦτον ἔχεις ἐπίμαστον ἀλήτην, σίτου καὶ οἴνου κεχρημένον, οὐδέ τι ἔργων ἔμπαιον οὐδὲ βίης, ἀλλʼ αὔτως ἄχθος ἀρούρης. 380ἄλλος δʼ αὖτέ τις οὗτος ἀνέστη μαντεύεσθαι. ἀλλʼ εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη· τοὺς ξείνους ἐν νηῒ πολυκληῗδι βαλόντες ἐς Σικελοὺς πέμψωμεν, ὅθεν κέ τοι ἄξιον ἄλφοι. ὣς ἔφασαν μνηστῆρες· ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐμπάζετο μύθων, 385ἀλλʼ ἀκέων πατέρα προσεδέρκετο, δέγμενος αἰεί, ὁππότε δὴ μνηστῆρσιν ἀναιδέσι χεῖρας ἐφήσει. ἡ δὲ κατʼ ἄντηστιν θεμένη περικαλλέα δίφρον κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρων Πηνελόπεια, ἀνδρῶν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἑκάστου μῦθον ἄκουεν. 390δεῖπνον μὲν γάρ τοί γε γελοίωντες τετύκοντο ἡδὺ τε καὶ μενοεικές, ἐπεὶ μάλα πόλλʼ ἱέρευσαν· δόρπου δʼ οὐκ ἄν πως ἀχαρίστερον ἄλλο γένοιτο, οἷον δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε θεὰ καὶ καρτερὸς ἀνὴρ θησέμεναι· πρότεροι γὰρ ἀεικέα μηχανόωντο.

But all the wooers, looking at one another, sought to provoke Telemachus by laughing at his guests. And thus would one of the proud youths speak: “Telemachus, no man is more unlucky in his guests than thou, seeing that thou keepest such a filthy vagabond as this man here, always wanting bread and wine, and skilled neither in the works of peace nor those of war, but a mere burden of the earth. And this other fellow again stood up to prophesy. Nay, if thou wouldst hearken to me it would be better far: let us fling these strangers on board a benched ship, and send them to the Sicilians, whence they would bring thee in a fitting price.” So spake the wooers, but he paid no heed to their words. Nay, in silence he watched his father, ever waiting until he should put forth his hands upon the shameless wooers. But the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, had set her beautiful chair over against them, and heard the words of each man in the hall. For they had made ready their meal in the midst of their laughing, a sweet meal, and one to satisfy the heart, for they had slain many beasts. But never could meal have been more graceless than a supper such as a goddess and a mighty man were soon to set before them. For unprovoked they were contriving deeds of shame.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.