Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 23.85–162: Penelope in the hall

Penelope sits opposite Odysseus in the firelight and does not speak, and Telemachus reproaches her for her hardness. She tells him that if this is indeed his father they have secret signs which only they know. Odysseus smiles, and tells Telemachus that they must deal with the families of the dead suitors, and has the household bathe and dress and play dance music, so that those outside will think a wedding feast is on. Odysseus is bathed, and Athena makes him look like an immortal.

Lines 23.85–162 · 843 words · click a number to copy its link
85ὣς φαμένη κατέβαινʼ ὑπερώϊα· πολλὰ δέ οἱ κῆρ ὥρμαινʼ, ἢ ἀπάνευθε φίλον πόσιν ἐξερεείνοι, ἦ παρστᾶσα κύσειε κάρη καὶ χεῖρε λαβοῦσα. ἡ δʼ ἐπεὶ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδόν, ἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐναντίη, ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ, 90τοίχου τοῦ ἑτέρου· ὁ δʼ ἄρα πρὸς κίονα μακρὴν ἧστο κάτω ὁρόων, ποτιδέγμενος εἴ τί μιν εἴποι ἰφθίμη παράκοιτις, ἐπεὶ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν. ἡ δʼ ἄνεω δὴν ἧστο, τάφος δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἵκανεν· ὄψει δʼ ἄλλοτε μέν μιν ἐνωπαδίως ἐσίδεσκεν, 95ἄλλοτε δʼ ἀγνώσασκε κακὰ χροῒ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα. Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε· μῆτερ ἐμή, δύσμητερ, ἀπηνέα θυμὸν ἔχουσα, τίφθʼ οὕτω πατρὸς νοσφίζεαι, οὐδὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἑζομένη μύθοισιν ἀνείρεαι οὐδὲ μεταλλᾷς; 100οὐ μέν κʼ ἄλλη γʼ ὧδε γυνὴ τετληότι θυμῷ ἀνδρὸς ἀφεσταίη, ὅς οἱ κακὰ πολλὰ μογήσας ἔλθοι ἐεικοστῷ ἔτεϊ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν· σοὶ δʼ αἰεὶ κραδίη στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο.

So saying, she went down from the upper chamber, and much her heart pondered whether she should stand aloof and question her dear husband, or whether she should go up to him, and clasp and kiss his head and hands. But when she had come in and had passed over the stone threshold, she sat down opposite Odysseus in the light of the fire beside the further wall; but he was sitting by a tall pillar, looking down, and waiting to see whether his noble wife would say aught to him, when her eyes beheld him. Howbeit she sat long in silence, and amazement came upon her soul; and now with her eyes she would look full upon his face, and now again she would fail to know him, for that he had upon him mean raiment. But Telemachus rebuked her, and spoke, and addressed her: “My mother, cruel mother, that hast an unyielding heart, why dost thou thus hold aloof from my father, and dost not sit by his side and ask and question him? No other woman would harden her heart as thou dost, and stand aloof from her husband, who after many grievous toils had come back to her in the twentieth year to his native land: but thy heart is ever harder than stone.”

104τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Πηνελόπεια· 105τέκνον ἐμόν, θυμός μοι ἐνὶ στήθεσσι τέθηπεν, οὐδέ τι προσφάσθαι δύναμαι ἔπος οὐδʼ ἐρέεσθαι οὐδʼ εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι ἐναντίον. εἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ ἔστʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ οἶκον ἱκάνεται, ἦ μάλα νῶϊ γνωσόμεθʼ ἀλλήλων καὶ λώϊον· ἔστι γὰρ ἡμῖν 110σήμαθʼ, ἃ δὴ καὶ νῶϊ κεκρυμμένα ἴδμεν ἀπʼ ἄλλων. ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς, αἶψα δὲ Τηλέμαχον ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· Τηλέμαχʼ, ἦ τοι μητέρʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔασον πειράζειν ἐμέθεν· τάχα δὲ φράσεται καὶ ἄρειον. 115νῦν δʼ ὅττι ῥυπόω, κακὰ δὲ χροῒ εἵματα εἷμαι, τοὔνεκʼ ἀτιμάζει με καὶ οὔ πω φησὶ τὸν εἶναι. ἡμεῖς δὲ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα γένηται. καὶ γάρ τίς θʼ ἕνα φῶτα κατακτείνας ἐνὶ δήμῳ, ᾧ μὴ πολλοὶ ἔωσιν ἀοσσητῆρες ὀπίσσω, 120φεύγει πηούς τε προλιπὼν καὶ πατρίδα γαῖαν· ἡμεῖς δʼ ἕρμα πόληος ἀπέκταμεν, οἳ μέγʼ ἄριστοι κούρων εἰν Ἰθάκῃ· τὰ δέ σε φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα.

Then wise Penelope answered him: “My child, the heart in my breast is lost in wonder, and I have no power to speak at all, nor to ask a question, nor to look him in the face. But if in very truth he is Odysseus, and has come home, we two shall surely know one another more certainly; for we have signs which we two alone know, signs hidden from others.” So she spoke, and the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus smiled, and straightway spoke to Telemachus winged words: “Telemachus, suffer now thy mother to test me in the halls; presently shall she win more certain knowledge. But now because I am foul, and am clad about my body in mean clothing, she scorns me, and will not yet admit that I am he. But for us, let us take thought how all may be the very best. For whoso has slain but one man in a land, even though it be a man that leaves not many behind to avenge him, he goes into exile, and leaves his kindred and his native land; but we have slain those who were the very stay of the city, far the noblest of the youths of Ithaca.

123τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα· αὐτὸς ταῦτά γε λεῦσσε, πάτερ φίλε· σὴν γὰρ ἀρίστην 125μῆτιν ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους φάσʼ ἔμμεναι, οὐδέ κέ τίς τοι ἄλλος ἀνὴρ ἐρίσειε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων. ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐμμεμαῶτες ἅμʼ ἑψόμεθʼ, οὐδέ τί φημι ἀλκῆς δευήσεσθαι, ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστιν. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς 130τοιγὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα. πρῶτα μὲν ἂρ λούσασθε καὶ ἀμφιέσασθε χιτῶνας, δμῳὰς δʼ ἐν μεγάροισιν ἀνώγετε εἵμαθʼ ἑλέσθαι· αὐτὰρ θεῖος ἀοιδὸς ἔχων φόρμιγγα λίγειαν ἡμῖν ἡγείσθω φιλοπαίγμονος ὀρχηθμοῖο, 135ὥς κέν τις φαίη γάμον ἔμμεναι ἐκτὸς ἀκούων, ἢ ἀνʼ ὁδὸν στείχων, ἢ οἳ περιναιετάουσι· μὴ πρόσθε κλέος εὐρὺ φόνου κατὰ ἄστυ γένηται ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, πρίν γʼ ἡμέας ἐλθέμεν ἔξω ἀγρὸν ἐς ἡμέτερον πολυδένδρεον· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτα 140φρασσόμεθʼ ὅττι κε κέρδος Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξῃ.

Of this I bid thee take thought.” Then wise Telemachus answered him: “Do thou thyself look to this, dear father; for thy counsel, they say, is the best among men, nor could any other of mortal men vie with thee. As for us, we will follow with thee eagerly, nor methinks shall we be wanting in valor, so far as we have strength.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him and said: “Then will I tell thee what seems to me to be the best way. First bathe yourselves, and put on your tunics, and bid the handmaids in the halls to take their raiment. But let the divine minstrel with his clear-toned lyre in hand be our leader in the gladsome dance, that any man who hears the sound from without, whether a passer-by or one of those who dwell around, may say that it is a wedding feast; and so the rumor of the slaying of the wooers shall not be spread abroad throughout the city before we go forth to our well-wooded farm. There shall we afterwards devise whatever advantage the Olympian may vouchsafe us.”

141ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο πρῶτα μὲν οὖν λούσαντο καὶ ἀμφιέσαντο χιτῶνας, ὅπλισθεν δὲ γυναῖκες· ὁ δʼ εἵλετο θεῖος ἀοιδὸς φόρμιγγα γλαφυρήν, ἐν δέ σφισιν ἵμερον ὦρσε 145μολπῆς τε γλυκερῆς καὶ ἀμύμονος ὀρχηθμοῖο. τοῖσιν δὲ μέγα δῶμα περιστεναχίζετο ποσσὶν ἀνδρῶν παιζόντων καλλιζώνων τε γυναικῶν. ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκε δόμων ἔκτοσθεν ἀκούων· ἦ μάλα δή τις ἔγημε πολυμνήστην βασίλειαν· 150σχετλίη, οὐδʼ ἔτλη πόσιος οὗ κουριδίοιο εἴρυσθαι μέγα δῶμα διαμπερές, ἧος ἵκοιτο. ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε, τὰ δʼ οὐκ ἴσαν ὡς ἐτέτυκτο. αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσῆα μεγαλήτορα ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ Εὐρυνόμη ταμίη λοῦσεν καὶ χρῖσεν ἐλαίῳ, 155ἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα· αὐτὰρ κὰκ κεφαλῆς κάλλος πολὺ χεῦεν Ἀθήνη μείζονά τʼ εἰσιδέειν καὶ πάσσονα· κὰδ δὲ κάρητος οὔλας ἧκε κόμας, ὑακινθίνῳ ἄνθει ὁμοίας. ὡς δʼ ὅτε τις χρυσὸν περιχεύεται ἀργύρῳ ἀνὴρ 160ἴδρις, ὃν Ἥφαιστος δέδαεν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη τέχνην παντοίην, χαρίεντα δὲ ἔργα τελείει· ὣς μὲν τῷ περίχευε χάριν κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ὤμοις.

So he spoke, and they all readily hearkened and obeyed. First they bathed and put on their tunics, and the women arrayed themselves, and the divine minstrel took the hollow lyre and aroused in them the desire of sweet song and goodly dance. So the great hall resounded all about with the tread of dancing men and of fair-girdled women; and thus would one speak who heard the noise from without the house: “Aye, verily some one has wedded the queen wooed of many. Cruel she was, nor had she the heart to keep the great house of her wedded husband to the end, even till he should come.” So they would say, but they knew not how these things were. Meanwhile the housewife Eurynome bathed the great-hearted Odysseus in his house, and anointed him with oil, and cast about him a fair cloak and a tunic; and over his head Athena shed abundant beauty, making him taller to look upon and mightier, and from his head she made locks to flow in curls like the hyacinth flower. And as when a man overlays silver with gold, a cunning workman whom Hephaestus and Pallas Athena have taught all manner of craft, and full of grace is the work he produces, even so the goddess shed grace on his head and shoulders, and forth from the bath he came, in form like unto the immortals.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.