Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 21.101–187: The axes are set up; the suitors try the bow

Telemachus digs a trench and sets up the axes in a row, and tries the bow himself, and is about to string it on the fourth try when Odysseus signals him to stop. The suitors draw lots to see who will try it first, and Leiodes, the priest, who has always been against their wooing, tries and cannot bend it. Antinous bids Melanthius bring fat from the stores to soften the bow, but the others also fail.

Lines 21.101–187 · 989 words · click a number to copy its link
101τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο· ὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα με Ζεὺς ἄφρονα θῆκε Κρονίων· μήτηρ μέν μοί φησι φίλη, πινυτή περ ἐοῦσα, ἄλλῳ ἅμʼ ἕψεσθαι νοσφισσαμένη τόδε δῶμα· 105αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ γελόω καὶ τέρπομαι ἄφρονι θυμῷ. ἀλλʼ ἄγετε, μνηστῆρες, ἐπεὶ τόδε φαίνετʼ ἄεθλον, οἵη νῦν οὐκ ἔστι γυνὴ κατʼ Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν, οὔτε Πύλου ἱερῆς οὔτʼ Ἄργεος οὔτε Μυκήνης· οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἰθάκης οὔτʼ ἠπείροιο μελαίνης· 110καὶ δʼ αὐτοὶ τόδε γʼ ἴστε· τί με χρὴ μητέρος αἴνου; ἀλλʼ ἄγε μὴ μύνῃσι παρέλκετε μηδʼ ἔτι τόξου δηρὸν ἀποτρωπᾶσθε τανυστύος, ὄφρα ἴδωμεν. καὶ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼ τοῦ τόξου πειρησαίμην· εἰ δέ κεν ἐντανύσω διοϊστεύσω τε σιδήρου, 115οὔ κέ μοι ἀχνυμένῳ τάδε δώματα πότνια μήτηρ λείποι ἅμʼ ἄλλῳ ἰοῦσʼ, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ κατόπισθε λιποίμην οἷός τʼ ἤδη πατρὸς ἀέθλια κάλʼ ἀνελέσθαι. ἦ καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμοιϊν χλαῖναν θέτο φοινικόεσσαν ὀρθὸς ἀναΐξας, ἀπὸ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμων.

Then among them spoke the strong and mighty Telemachus: “Lo now, of a truth Zeus, son of Cronos, has made me witless. My dear mother, for all that she is wise, declares that she will follow another lord, forsaking this house; yet I laugh, and am glad with a witless mind. Come then, ye wooers, since this is shewn to be your prize, a lady, the like of whom is not now in the Achaean land, neither in sacred Pylos, nor in Argos, nor in Mycene, nor yet in Ithaca itself, nor in the dark mainland. Nay, but of yourselves you know this—what need have I to praise my mother? Come then, put not the matter aside with excuses, nor any more turn away too long from the drawing of the bow, that we may see the issue. Yea, and I would myself make trial of yon bow. If I shall string it and shoot an arrow through the iron, it will not vex me that my honored mother should leave this house and go along with another, seeing that I should be left here able now to wield the goodly battle-gear of my father.” With this he flung the scarlet cloak from off his back, and sprang up erect; and he laid his sharp sword from off his shoulders.

120πρῶτον μὲν πελέκεας στῆσεν, διὰ τάφρον ὀρύξας πᾶσι μίαν μακρήν, καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ γαῖαν ἔναξε· τάφος δʼ ἕλε πάντας ἰδόντας, ὡς εὐκόσμως στῆσε· πάρος δʼ οὐ πώ ποτʼ ὀπώπει. στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν καὶ τόξου πειρήτιζε. 125τρὶς μέν μιν πελέμιξεν ἐρύσσεσθαι μενεαίνων, τρὶς δὲ μεθῆκε βίης, ἐπιελπόμενος τό γε θυμῷ, νευρὴν ἐντανύειν διοϊστεύσειν τε σιδήρου. καί νύ κε δή ῥʼ ἐτάνυσσε βίῃ τὸ τέταρτον ἀνέλκων, ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἀνένευε καὶ ἔσχεθεν ἱέμενόν περ. 130τοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειφʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο· ὢ πόποι, ἦ καὶ ἔπειτα κακός τʼ ἔσομαι καὶ ἄκικυς, ἠὲ νεώτερός εἰμι καὶ οὔ πω χερσὶ πέποιθα ἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ. ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, οἵ περ ἐμεῖο βίῃ προφερέστεροί ἐστε, 135τόξου πειρήσασθε, καὶ ἐκτελέωμεν ἄεθλον. ὣς εἰπὼν τόξον μὲν ἀπὸ ἕο θῆκε χαμᾶζε, κλίνας κολλητῇσιν ἐϋξέστῃς σανίδεσσιν, αὐτοῦ δʼ ὠκὺ βέλος καλῇ προσέκλινε κορώνῃ, ἂψ δʼ αὖτις κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη.

First then he set up the axes, when he had dug a trench, one long trench for all, and made it straight to the line, and about them he stamped in the earth. And amazement seized all who saw him, that he set them out so orderly, though before he had never seen them. Then he went and stood upon the threshold, and began to try the bow. Thrice he made it quiver in his eagerness to draw it, and thrice he relaxed his effort, though in his heart he hoped to string the bow and shoot an arrow through the iron. And now at the last he would haply have strung it in his might, as for the fourth time he sought to draw up the string, but Odysseus nodded in dissent, and checked him in his eagerness. Then the strong and mighty Telemachus spoke among them again: “Out on it, even in days to come shall I be a coward and a weakling, or else I am too young, and have not yet trust in my might to defend me against a man, when one waxes wroth without a cause. But, come now, you that are mightier than I, make trial of the bow, and let us end the contest.” So saying, he set the bow from him on the ground, leaning it against the jointed, polished door, and hard by he leaned the swift arrow against the fair bow-tip, and then sat down again on the seat from which he had risen.

140τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντίνοος μετέφη, Εὐπείθεος υἱός· ὄρνυσθʼ ἑξείης ἐπιδέξια πάντες ἑταῖροι, ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει. ὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀντίνοος, τοῖσιν δʼ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος. Λειώδης δὲ πρῶτος ἀνίστατο, Οἴνοπος υἱός, 145ὅ σφι θυοσκόος ἔσκε, παρὰ κρητῆρα δὲ καλὸν ἷζε μυχοίτατος αἰέν· ἀτασθαλίαι δέ οἱ οἴῳ ἐχθραὶ ἔσαν, πᾶσιν δὲ νεμέσσα μνηστήρεσσιν· ὅς ῥα τότε πρῶτος τόξον λάβε καὶ βέλος ὠκύ. στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰὼν καὶ τόξου πειρήτιζεν, 150οὐδέ μιν ἐντάνυσε· πρὶν γὰρ κάμε χεῖρας ἀνέλκων ἀτρίπτους ἁπαλάς· μετὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσιν ἔειπεν· ὦ φίλοι, οὐ μὲν ἐγὼ τανύω, λαβέτω δὲ καὶ ἄλλος. πολλοὺς γὰρ τόδε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι 155τεθνάμεν ἢ ζώοντας ἁμαρτεῖν, οὗθʼ ἕνεκʼ αἰεὶ ἐνθάδʼ ὁμιλέομεν, ποτιδέγμενοι ἤματα πάντα. νῦν μέν τις καὶ ἔλπετʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ μενοινᾷ γῆμαι Πηνελόπειαν, Ὀδυσσῆος παράκοιτιν.

Then Antinous, son of Eupeithes, spoke among them: “Rise up in order, all you of our company, from left to right, beginning from the place where the cupbearer pours the wine.” So spoke Antinous, and his word was pleasing to them. Then first arose Leiodes, son of Oenops, who was their soothsayer, and ever sat by the fair mixing-bowl in the innermost part of the hall; deeds of wanton folly were hateful to him alone, and he was full of indignation at all the wooers. He it was who now first took the bow and swift arrow, and he went and stood upon the threshold, and began to try the bow; but he could not string it. Ere that might be his hands grew weary, as he sought to draw up the string, his unworn delicate hands; and he spoke among the wooers: “Friends, it is not I that shall string it; let another take it. For many princes shall this bow rob of spirit and of life, since verily it is better far to die than to live on and fail of that for the sake of which we ever gather here, waiting expectantly day after day.

159αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν τόξου πειρήσεται ἠδὲ ἴδηται, 160ἄλλην δή τινʼ ἔπειτα Ἀχαιϊάδων εὐπέπλων μνάσθω ἐέδνοισιν διζήμενος· ἡ δέ κʼ ἔπειτα γήμαιθʼ ὅς κε πλεῖστα πόροι καὶ μόρσιμος ἔλθοι. ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν καὶ ἀπὸ ἕο τόξον ἔθηκε, κλίνας κολλητῇσιν ἐϋξέστῃς σανίδεσσιν, 165αὐτοῦ δʼ ὠκὺ βέλος καλῇ προσέκλινε κορώνῃ, ἂψ δʼ αὖτις κατʼ ἄρ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου ἔνθεν ἀνέστη. Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε· Λειῶδες, ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων, δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε, —νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τʼ ἀκούων— 170εἰ δὴ τοῦτό γε τόξον ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς, ἐπεὶ οὐ δύνασαι σὺ τανύσσαι. οὐ γάρ τοί σέ γε τοῖον ἐγείνατο πότνια μήτηρ οἷόν τε ῥυτῆρα βιοῦ τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ ὀϊστῶν· ἀλλʼ ἄλλοι τανύουσι τάχα μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοί. 175ὣς φάτο, καί ῥʼ ἐκέλευσε Μελάνθιον, αἰπόλον αἰγῶν· ἄγρει δή, πῦρ κῆον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι, Μελανθεῦ, πὰρ δὲ τίθει δίφρον τε μέγαν καὶ κῶας ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ, ἐκ δὲ στέατος ἔνεικε μέγαν τροχὸν ἔνδον ἐόντος, ὄφρα νέοι θάλποντες, ἐπιχρίοντες ἀλοιφῇ, 180τόξου πειρώμεσθα καὶ ἐκτελέωμεν ἄεθλον. ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ αἶψʼ ἀνέκαιε Μελάνθιος ἀκάματον πῦρ, πὰρ δὲ φέρων δίφρον θῆκεν καὶ κῶας ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ, ἐκ δὲ στέατος ἔνεικε μέγαν τροχὸν ἔνδον ἐόντος· τῷ ῥα νέοι θάλποντες ἐπειρῶντʼ· οὐδʼ ἐδύναντο 185ἐντανύσαι, πολλὸν δὲ βίης ἐπιδευέες ἦσαν. Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἔτʼ ἐπεῖχε καὶ Εὐρύμαχος θεοειδής, ἀρχοὶ μνηστήρων· ἀρετῇ δʼ ἔσαν ἔξοχʼ ἄριστοι.

Now many a man even hopes in his heart and desires to wed Penelope, the wife of Odysseus; but when he shall have made trial of the bow, and seen the outcome, thereafter let him woo some other of the fair-robed Achaean women with his gifts, and seek to win her; then should Penelope wed him who offers most, and who comes as her fated lord.” So he spoke, and set the bow from him, leaning it against the jointed, polished door, and hard by he leaned the swift arrow against the fair bow-tip, and then sat down on the seat from which he had risen. But Antinous rebuked him, and spoke, and addressed him: “Leiodes, what a word has escaped the barrier of thy teeth, a dread word and grievous! I am angered to hear it, if forsooth this bow is to rob princes of spirit and of life, because thou art not able to string it. For, I tell thee, thy honored mother did not bear thee of such strength as to draw a bow and shoot arrows; but others of the lordly wooers will soon string it.” So he spoke, and called to Melanthius, the goatherd: “Come now, light a fire in the hall, Melanthius; and set by it a great seat with a fleece upon it, and bring forth a great cake of the fat that is within, that we youths may warm the bow, and anoint it with fat, and so make trial of it, and end the contest.” So he spoke, and Melanthius straightway rekindled the unwearied fire, and brought and placed by it a great seat with a fleece upon it, and he brought forth a great cake of the fat that was within. Therewith the youths warmed the bow, and made trial of it, but they could not string it, for they were far lacking in strength.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.