Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 20.122–239: The morning of the feast

Telemachus rises and tells Eurycleia to look after the stranger, and the house is made ready for the feast of Apollo. The swineherd Eumaeus brings three fat pigs, and Melanthius brings the best goats, and Melanthius abuses the stranger again and kicks him. Philoetius, the cowherd, arrives with a heifer and goats, and speaks kindly to Odysseus, and both herdsmen pray that Odysseus may come home.

Lines 20.122–239 · 1284 words · click a number to copy its link
122αἱ δʼ ἄλλαι δμῳαὶ κατὰ δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀγρόμεναι ἀνέκαιον ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ ἀκάματον πῦρ. Τηλέμαχος δʼ εὐνῆθεν ἀνίστατο, ἰσόθεος φώς, 125εἵματα ἑσσάμενος· περὶ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμῳ· ποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ἀκαχμένον ὀξέι· χαλκῷ· στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰών, πρὸς δʼ Εὐρύκλειαν ἔειπε· μαῖα φίλη, τὸν ξεῖνον ἐτιμήσασθʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ 130εὐνῇ καὶ σίτῳ, ἦ αὔτως κεῖται ἀκηδής; τοιαύτη γὰρ ἐμὴ μήτηρ, πινυτή περ ἐοῦσα· ἐμπλήγδην ἕτερόν γε τίει μερόπων ἀνθρώπων χείρονα, τὸν δέ τʼ ἀρείονʼ ἀτιμήσασʼ ἀποπέμπει. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε περίφρων Εὐρύκλεια· 135οὐκ ἄν μιν νῦν, τέκνον, ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳο. οἶνον μὲν γὰρ πῖνε καθήμενος, ὄφρʼ ἔθελʼ αὐτός, σίτου δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔφη πεινήμεναι· εἴρετο γάρ μιν. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κοίτοιο καὶ ὕπνου μιμνήσκοιτο, ἡ μὲν δέμνιʼ ἄνωγεν ὑποστορέσαι δμῳῇσιν, 140αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ, ὥς τις πάμπαν ὀϊζυρὸς καὶ ἄποτμος, οὐκ ἔθελʼ ἐν λέκτροισι καὶ ἐν ῥήγεσσι καθεύδειν, ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀδεψήτῳ βοέῃ καὶ κώεσιν οἰῶν ἔδραθʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ· χλαῖναν δʼ ἐπιέσσαμεν ἡμεῖς.

Now the other maidens in the fair palace of Odysseus had gathered together and were kindling on the hearth unwearied fire, and Telemachus rose from his bed, a godlike man, and put on his clothing. He slung his sharp sword about his shoulder, and beneath his shining feet he bound his fair sandals; and he took his mighty spear, tipped with sharp bronze, and went and stood upon the threshold, and spoke to Eurycleia: “Dear nurse, have ye honored the stranger in our house with bed and food, or does he lie all uncared for? For such is my mother's way, wise though she is: in wondrous fashion she honours one of mortal men, though he be the worse, while the better she sends unhonored away.” Then wise Eurycleia answered him: “In this matter, child, thou shouldest not blame her, who is without blame. He sat here and drank wine as long as he would, but for food he said he had no more hunger, for she asked him. But when he bethought him of rest and sleep, she bade the maidens strew his bed. But he, as one wholly wretched and hapless, would not sleep on a bed and under blankets, but on an undressed ox-hide and fleeces of sheep he slept in the fore-hall, and we flung over him a cloak.”

144ὣς φάτο, Τηλέμαχος δὲ διὲκ μεγάροιο βεβήκει 145ἔγχος ἔχων, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω κύνες ἀργοὶ ἕποντο. βῆ δʼ ἴμεν εἰς ἀγορὴν μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς. ἡ δʼ αὖτε δμῳῇσιν ἐκέκλετο δῖα γυναικῶν, Εὐρύκλειʼ, Ὦπος θυγάτηρ Πεισηνορίδαο· ἀγρεῖθʼ, αἱ μὲν δῶμα κορήσατε ποιπνύσασαι, 150ῥάσσατέ τʼ, ἔν τε θρόνοις εὐποιήτοισι τάπητας βάλλετε πορφυρέους· αἱ δὲ σπόγγοισι τραπέζας πάσας ἀμφιμάσασθε, καθήρατε δὲ κρητῆρας καὶ δέπα ἀμφικύπελλα τετυγμένα· ταὶ δὲ μεθʼ ὕδωρ ἔρχεσθε κρήνηνδε, καὶ οἴσετε θᾶσσον ἰοῦσαι. 155οὐ γὰρ δὴν μνηστῆρες ἀπέσσονται μεγάροιο, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἦρι νέονται, ἐπεὶ καὶ πᾶσιν ἑορτή. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἱ δʼ ἄρα τῆς μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο. αἱ μὲν ἐείκοσι βῆσαν ἐπὶ κρήνην μελάνυδρον, αἱ δʼ αὐτοῦ κατὰ δώματʼ ἐπισταμένως πονέοντο. 160ἐς δʼ ἦλθον δρηστῆρες Ἀχαιῶν. οἱ μὲν ἔπειτα εὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως κέασαν ξύλα, ταὶ δὲ γυναῖκες ἦλθον ἀπὸ κρήνης· ἐπὶ δέ σφισιν ἦλθε συβώτης τρεῖς σιάλους κατάγων, οἳ ἔσαν μετὰ πᾶσιν ἄριστοι.

So she spoke, and Telemachus went forth through the hall with his spear in his hand, and with him went two swift hounds. And he went his way to the place of assembly to join the company of the well-greaved Achaeans, but Eurycleia, the goodly lady, daughter of Ops, son of Peisenor, called to her maidens, saying: “Come, let some of you busily sweep the hall and sprinkle it, and throw on the shapely chairs coverlets of purple, and let others wipe all the tables with sponges and cleanse the mixing-bowls and the well-wrought double cups, and others still go to the spring for water and bring it quickly here. For the wooers will not long be absent from the hall, but will return right early; for it is a feast-day for all men.” So she spoke, and they readily hearkened and obeyed. Twenty of them went to the spring of dark water, and the others busied themselves there in the house in skilful fashion. Then in came the serving-men of the Acheans, who thereafter split logs of wood well and skilfully; and the women came back from the spring. After them came the swineherd, driving three boars which were the best in all his herd.

164καὶ τοὺς μέν ῥʼ εἴασε καθʼ ἕρκεα καλὰ νέμεσθαι, 165αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδα μειλιχίοισι· ξεῖνʼ, ἦ ἄρ τί σε μᾶλλον Ἀχαιοὶ εἰσορόωσιν, ἦέ σʼ ἀτιμάζουσι κατὰ μέγαρʼ, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ; τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολυμήτις Ὀδυσσεύς· αἲ γὰρ δή, Εὔμαιε, θεοὶ τισαίατο λώβην, 170ἣν οἵδʼ ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωνται οἴκῳ ἐν ἀλλοτρίῳ, οὐδʼ αἰδοῦς μοῖραν ἔχουσιν. ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, ἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθε Μελάνθιος, αἰπόλος αἰγῶν. αἶγας ἄγων αἳ πᾶσι μετέπρεπον αἰπολίοισι, 175δεῖπνον μνηστήρεσσι. δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες. καὶ τὰς μὲν κατέδησεν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ἐριδούπῳ, αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδα κερτομίοισι· ξεῖνʼ, ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐνθάδʼ ἀνιήσεις κατὰ δῶμα ἀνέρας αἰτίζων, ἀτὰρ οὐκ ἔξεισθα θύραζε; 180πάντως οὐκέτι νῶϊ διακρινέεσθαι ὀΐω πρὶν χειρῶν γεύσασθαι, ἐπεὶ σύ περ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον αἰτίζεις· εἰσὶν δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι δαῖτες Ἀχαιῶν.

These he let be to feed in the fair courts, but himself spoke to Odysseus with gentle words: “Stranger, do the Achaeans look on thee with any more regard, or do they dishonor thee in the halls as before?” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, and said: “Ah, Eumaeus, I would that the gods might take vengeance on the outrage wherewith these men in wantonness devise wicked folly in another's house, and have no place for shame.” Thus they spoke to one another. And near to them came Melanthius the goatherd, leading she-goats that were the best in all the herds, to make a feast for the wooers, and two herdsmen followed with him. The goats he tethered beneath the echoing portico, and himself spoke to Odysseus with taunting words: “Stranger, wilt thou even now still be a plague to us here in the hall, asking alms of men, and wilt thou not begone? 'Tis plain, methinks, that we two shall not part company till we taste one another's fists, for thy begging is in no wise decent. Also it is not here alone that there are feasts of the Achaeans.”

183ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς, ἀλλʼ ἀκέων κίνησε κάρη, κακὰ βυσσοδομεύων. 185τοῖσι δʼ ἐπὶ τρίτος ἦλθε Φιλοίτιος, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, βοῦν στεῖραν μνηστῆρσιν ἄγων καὶ πίονας αἶγας. πορθμῆες δʼ ἄρα τούς γε διήγαγον, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν, ὅτις σφέας εἰσαφίκηται. καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ κατέδησεν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ ἐριδούπῳ, 190αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐρέεινε συβώτην ἄγχι παραστάς· τίς δὴ ὅδε ξεῖνος νέον εἰλήλουθε, συβῶτα, ἡμέτερον πρὸς δῶμα; τέων δʼ ἐξ εὔχεται εἶναι ἀνδρῶν; ποῦ δέ νύ οἱ γενεὴ καὶ πατρὶς ἄρουρα; δύσμορος, ἦ τε ἔοικε δέμας βασιλῆϊ ἄνακτι· 195ἀλλὰ θεοὶ δυόωσι πολυπλάγκτους ἀνθρώπους, ὁππότε καὶ βασιλεῦσιν ἐπικλώσωνται ὀϊζύν. ἦ καὶ δεξιτερῇ δειδίσκετο χειρὶ παραστάς, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· χαῖρε, πάτερ ὦ ξεῖνε· γένοιτό τοι ἔς περ ὀπίσσω 200ὄλβος· ἀτὰρ μὲν νῦν γε κακοῖς ἔχεαι πολέεσσι. Ζεῦ πάτερ, οὔ τις σεῖο θεῶν ὀλοώτερος ἄλλος· οὐκ ἐλεαίρεις ἄνδρας, ἐπὴν δὴ γείνεαι αὐτός, μισγέμεναι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι λευγαλέοισιν.

So he spoke, but Odysseus of many wiles made no answer, but he shook his head in silence, pondering evil in the deep of his heart. Besides these a third man came, Philoetius, a leader of men, driving for the wooers a barren heifer and fat she-goats. These had been brought over from the mainland by ferrymen, who send other men, too, on their way, whosoever comes to them. The beasts he tethered carefully beneath the echoing portico, but himself came close to the swineherd and questioned him, saying: “Who is this stranger, swineherd, who has newly come to our house? From what men does he declare himself to be sprung? Where are his kinsmen and his native fields? Hapless man! Yet truly in form he is like a royal prince; howbeit the gods bring to misery far-wandering men, whenever they spin for them the threads of trouble, even though they be kings.” Therewith he drew near to Odysseus, and stretching forth his right hand in greeting, spoke and addressed him with winged words: “Hail, Sir stranger; may happy fortune be thine in time to come, though now thou art the thrall of many sorrows! Father Zeus, no other god is more baneful than thou; thou hast no pity on men when thou hast thyself given them birth, but bringest them into misery and wretched pains.

204ἴδιον, ὡς ἐνόησα, δεδάκρυνται δέ μοι ὄσσε 205μνησαμένῳ Ὀδυσῆος, ἐπεὶ καὶ κεῖνον ὀΐω τοιάδε λαίφεʼ ἔχοντα κατʼ ἀνθρώπους ἀλάλησθαι, εἴ που ἔτι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο. εἰ δʼ ἤδη τέθνηκε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν, ὤ μοι ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ὅς μʼ ἐπὶ βουσὶν 210εἷσʼ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα Κεφαλλήνων ἐνὶ δήμῳ. νῦν δʼ αἱ μὲν γίγνονται ἀθέσφατοι, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως ἀνδρί γʼ ὑποσταχύοιτο βοῶν γένος εὐρυμετώπων· τὰς δʼ ἄλλοι με κέλονται ἀγινέμεναί σφισιν αὐτοῖς ἔδμεναι· οὐδέ τι παιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀλέγουσιν, 215οὐδʼ ὄπιδα τρομέουσι θεῶν· μεμάασι γὰρ ἤδη κτήματα δάσσασθαι δὴν οἰχομένοιο ἄνακτος. αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ τόδε θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι πόλλʼ ἐπιδινεῖται· μάλα μὲν κακὸν υἷος ἐόντος ἄλλων δῆμον ἱκέσθαι ἰόντʼ αὐτῇσι βόεσσιν, 220ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαπούς· τὸ δὲ ῥίγιον, αὖθι μένοντα βουσὶν ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίῃσι καθήμενον ἄλγεα πάσχειν. καί κεν δὴ πάλαι ἄλλον ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων ἐξικόμην φεύγων, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτὰ πέλονται· ἀλλʼ ἔτι τὸν δύστηνον ὀΐομαι, εἴ ποθεν ἐλθὼν 225ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων σκέδασιν κατὰ δώματα θείῃ. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· βουκόλʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔτε κακῷ οὔτʼ ἄφρονι φωτὶ ἔοικας, γιγνώσκω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ τοι πινυτὴ φρένας ἵκει, τοὔνεκά τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι· 230ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ξενίη τε τράπεζα ἱστίη τʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ἣν ἀφικάνω, ἦ σέθεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντος ἐλεύσεται οἴκαδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς· σοῖσιν δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἐπόψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, κτεινομένους μνηστῆρας, οἳ ἐνθάδε κοιρανέουσιν. 235τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοῶν ἐπιβουκόλος ἀνήρ· αἲ γὰρ τοῦτο, ξεῖνε, ἔπος τελέσειε Κρονίων· γνοίης χʼ οἵη ἐμὴ δύναμις καὶ χεῖρες ἕπονται. ὣς δʼ αὔτως Εὔμαιος ἐπεύξατο πᾶσι θεοῖσι νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε.

The sweat broke out on me when I marked the man, and my eyes are full of tears as I think of Odysseus; for he, too, I ween, is clothed in such rags and is a wanderer among men, if indeed he still lives and beholds the light of the sun. But if he is already dead and in the house of Hades, then woe is me for blameless Odysseus, who set me over his cattle, when I was yet a boy, in the land of the Cephallenians And now these wax past counting; in no other wise could the breed of broad-browed cattle yield better increase for a mortal man. But strangers bid me drive these now for themselves to eat, and they care nothing for the son in the house, nor do they tremble at the wrath of the gods, for they are eager now to divide among themselves the possessions of our lord that has long been gone. Now, as for myself, the heart in my breast keeps revolving this matter: a very evil thing it is, while the son lives, to depart along with my cattle and go to a land of strangers, even to an alien folk; but this is worse still, to remain here and suffer woes in charge of cattle that are given over to others. Aye, verily, long ago would I have fled and come to some other of the proud kings, for now things are no more to be borne; but still I think of that hapless one, if perchance he might come back I know not whence, and make a scattering of the wooers in his house.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, and said: “Neatherd, since thou seemest to be neither an evil man nor a witless, and I see for myself that thou hast gotten an understanding heart, therefore will I speak out and swear a great oath to confirm my words. Now be my witness Zeus above all gods, and this hospitable board, and the hearth of noble Odysseus to which I am come, that verily while thou art here Odysseus shall come home, and thou shalt see with thine eyes, if thou wilt, the slaying of the wooers, who lord it here.” Then the herdsman of the cattle answered him: “Ah, stranger, I would that the son of Cronos might fulfil this word of thine! Then shouldest thou know what manner of might is mine, and how my hands obey.” And even in like manner did Eumaeus pray to all the gods that wise Odysseus might come back to his own home.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.