Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 17.184–289: Odysseus and Eumaeus on the road; Melanthius

Eumaeus and Odysseus set out for the town, and at a fountain they meet the goatherd Melanthius, who curses them and kicks Odysseus. Odysseus holds back his anger, and Eumaeus prays to the nymphs of the fountain that Odysseus may come home to deal with such insolence. Melanthius threatens to sell Odysseus to a far country, and goes on before them, and the two come to the palace.

Lines 17.184–289 · 1176 words · click a number to copy its link
184τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν· 185ξεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ἔπειτα πόλινδʼ ἰέναι μενεαίνεις σήμερον, ὡς ἐπέτελλεν ἄναξ ἐμός—ἦ σʼ ἂν ἐγώ γε αὐτοῦ βουλοίμην σταθμῶν ῥυτῆρα λιπέσθαι· ἀλλὰ τὸν αἰδέομαι καὶ δείδια, μή μοι ὀπίσσω νεικείῃ· χαλεπαὶ δέ τʼ ἀνάκτων εἰσὶν ὁμοκλαί— 190ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἴομεν· δὴ γὰρ μέμβλωκε μάλιστα ἦμαρ, ἀτὰρ τάχα τοι ποτὶ ἕσπερα ῥίγιον ἔσται. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· γιγνώσκω, φρονέω· τά γε δὴ νοέοντι κελεύεις. ἀλλʼ ἴομεν, σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα διαμπερὲς ἡγεμόνευε. 195δὸς δέ μοι, εἴ ποθί τοι ῥόπαλον τετμημένον ἐστίν, σκηρίπτεσθʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ φατʼ ἀρισφαλέʼ ἔμμεναι οὐδόν. ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἀεικέα βάλλετο πήρην, πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην· ἐν δὲ στρόφος ἦεν ἀορτήρ· Εὔμαιος δʼ ἄρα οἱ σκῆπτρον θυμαρὲς ἔδωκε. 200τὼ βήτην, σταθμὸν δὲ κύνες καὶ βώτορες ἄνδρες ῥύατʼ ὄπισθε μένοντες· ὁ δʼ ἐς πόλιν ἦγεν ἄνακτα πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιον ἠδὲ γέροντι, σκηπτόμενον· τὰ δὲ λυγρὰ περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἕστο.

But Odysseus and the goodly swineherd were making haste to go from the field to the city; and the swineherd, a leader of men, spoke first, and said: “Stranger, since thou art eager to go the city today, as my master bade—though for myself I would rather have thee left here to keep the farmstead; but I reverence and fear him, lest hereafter he chide me, and hard are the rebukes of masters— come now, let us go. The day is far spent, and soon thou wilt find it colder toward evening.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, and said: “I see, I give heed; this thou biddest one with understanding. Come, let us go, and be thou my guide all the way. But give me a staff to lean upon, if thou hast one cut anywhere, for verily ye said that the way was treacherous.” He spoke, and flung about his shoulders his miserable wallet, full of holes, slung by a twisted cord, and Eumaeus gave him a staff to his liking. So they two set forth, and the dogs and the herdsmen stayed behind to guard the farmstead; but the swineherd led his master to the city in the likeness of a woeful and aged beggar, leaning on a staff; and miserable was the raiment that he wore about his body.

204ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ στείχοντες ὁδὸν κάτα παιπαλόεσσαν 205ἄστεος ἐγγὺς ἔσαν καὶ ἐπὶ κρήνην ἀφίκοντο τυκτὴν καλλίροον, ὅθεν ὑδρεύοντο πολῖται, τὴν ποίησʼ Ἴθακος καὶ Νήριτος ἠδὲ Πολύκτωρ· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αἰγείρων ὑδατοτρεφέων ἦν ἄλσος, πάντοσε κυκλοτερές, κατὰ δὲ ψυχρὸν ῥέεν ὕδωρ 210ὑψόθεν ἐκ πέτρης· βωμὸς δʼ ἐφύπερθε τέτυκτο νυμφάων, ὅθι πάντες ἐπιρρέζεσκον ὁδῖται· ἔνθα σφέας ἐκίχανʼ υἱὸς Δολίοιο Μελανθεὺς αἶγας ἄγων, αἳ πᾶσι μετέπρεπον αἰπολίοισι, δεῖπνον μνηστήρεσσι· δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες. 215τοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν νείκεσσεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν, ἔκπαγλον καὶ ἀεικές· ὄρινε δὲ κῆρ Ὀδυσῆος· νῦν μὲν δὴ μάλα πάγχυ κακὸς κακὸν ἡγηλάζει, ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον. πῇ δὴ τόνδε μολοβρὸν ἄγεις, ἀμέγαρτε συβῶτα, 220πτωχὸν ἀνιηρόν δαιτῶν ἀπολυμαντῆρα; ὃς πολλῇς φλιῇσι παραστὰς θλίψεται ὤμους, αἰτίζων ἀκόλους, οὐκ ἄορας οὐδὲ λέβητας· τόν κʼ εἴ μοι δοίης σταθμῶν ῥυτῆρα γενέσθαι σηκοκόρον τʼ ἔμεναι θαλλόν τʼ ἐρίφοισι φορῆναι, 225καί κεν ὀρὸν πίνων μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θεῖτο.

But when, as they went along the rugged path, they were near the city, and had come to a well-wrought, fair-flowing fountain, wherefrom the townsfolk drew water—this Ithacus had made, and Neritus, and Polyctor, and around was a grove of poplars, that grow by the waters, circling it on all sides, and down the cold water flowed from the rock above, and on the top was built an altar to the nymphs where all passers-by made offerings—there Melantheus, son of Dolius, met them as he was driving his she-goats, the best that were in all the herds, to make a feast for the wooers; and two herdsmen followed with him. As he saw them, he spoke and addressed them, and reviled them in terrible and unseemly words, and stirred the heart of Odysseus: “Lo, now, in very truth the vile leads the vile. As ever, the god is bringing like and like together. Whither, pray, art thou leading this filthy wretch, thou miserable swineherd, this nuisance of a beggar to mar our feasts? He is a man to stand and rub his shoulders on many doorposts, begging for scraps, not for swords or cauldrons. If thou wouldest give me this fellow to keep my farmstead, to sweep out the pens and to carry young shoots to the kids, then by drinking whey he might get himself a sturdy thigh.

226ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δὴ ἔργα κάκʼ ἔμμαθεν, οὐκ ἐθελήσει ἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πτώσσων κατὰ δῆμον βούλεται αἰτίζων βόσκειν ἣν γαστέρʼ ἄναλτον. ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται· 230αἴ κʼ ἔλθῃ πρὸς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο, πολλά οἱ ἀμφὶ κάρη σφέλα ἀνδρῶν ἐκ παλαμάων πλευραὶ ἀποτρίψουσι δόμον κάτα βαλλομένοιο. ὣς φάτο, καὶ παριὼν λὰξ ἔνθορεν ἀφραδίῃσιν ἰσχίῳ· οὐδέ μιν ἐκτὸς ἀταρπιτοῦ ἐστυφέλιξεν, 235ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀσφαλέως· ὁ δὲ μερμήριξεν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἠὲ μεταΐξας ῥοπάλῳ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο, ἦ πρὸς γῆν ἐλάσειε κάρη ἀμφουδὶς ἀείρας. ἀλλʼ ἐπετόλμησε, φρεσὶ δʼ ἔσχετο· τὸν δὲ συβώτης νείκεσʼ ἐσάντα ἰδών, μέγα δʼ εὔξατο χεῖρας ἀνασχών· 240νύμφαι κρηναῖαι, κοῦραι Διός, εἴ ποτʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς ὔμμʼ ἐπὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηε, καλύψας πίονι δημῷ, ἀρνῶν ἠδʼ ἐρίφων, τόδε μοι κρηήνατʼ ἐέλδωρ, ὡς ἔλθοι μὲν κεῖνος ἀνήρ, ἀγάγοι δέ ἑ δαίμων· τῷ κέ τοι ἀγλαΐας γε διασκεδάσειεν ἁπάσας, 245τὰς νῦν ὑβρίζων φορέεις, ἀλαλήμενος αἰεὶ ἄστυ κάτʼ· αὐτὰρ μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες.

But since he has learned only deeds of evil, he will not care to busy himself with work, but is minded rather to go skulking through the land, that by begging he may feed his insatiate belly. But I will speak out to thee, and this word shall verily be brought to pass. If he comes to the palace of divine Odysseus, many a footstool, hurled about his head by the hands of those that are men, shall be broken on his ribs as he is pelted through the house.” So he spoke, and as he passed he kicked Odysseus on the hip in his folly, yet he did not drive him from the path, but he stood steadfast. And Odysseus pondered whether he should leap upon him and take his life with his staff, or seize him round about, and lift him up, and dash his head upon the ground. Yet he endured, and stayed him from his purpose. And the swineherd looked the man in the face, and rebuked him, and lifted up his hands, and prayed aloud: “Nymphs of the fountain, daughters of Zeus, if ever Odysseus burned upon your altars pieces of the thighs of lambs or kids, wrapped in rich fat, fulfil for me this prayer; grant that he, my master, may come back, and that some god may guide him. Then would he scatter all the proud airs which now thou puttest on in thy insolence, ever roaming about the city, while evil herdsmen destroy the flock.”

247τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Μελάνθιος, αἰπόλος αἰγῶν· ὢ πόποι, οἷον ἔειπε κύων ὀλοφώϊα εἰδώς, τόν ποτʼ ἐγὼν ἐπὶ νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μελαίνης 250ἄξω τῆλʼ Ἰθάκης, ἵνα μοι βίοτον πολὺν ἄλφοι. αἲ γὰρ Τηλέμαχον βάλοι ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων σήμερον ἐν μεγάροις, ἢ ὑπὸ μνηστῆρσι δαμείη, ὡς Ὀδυσῆΐ γε τηλοῦ ἀπώλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ. ὣς εἰπὼν τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ ἦκα κιόντας, 255αὐτὰρ ὁ βῆ, μάλα δʼ ὦκα δόμους ἵκανεν ἄνακτος. αὐτίκα δʼ εἴσω ἴεν, μετὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσι καθῖζεν, ἀντίον Εὐρυμάχου· τὸν γὰρ φιλέεσκε μάλιστα. τῷ πάρα μὲν κρειῶν μοῖραν θέσαν οἳ πονέοντο, σῖτον δʼ αἰδοίη ταμίη παρέθηκε φέρουσα 260ἔδμεναι. ἀγχίμολον δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ δῖος ὑφορβὸς στήτην ἐρχομένω, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθʼ ἰωὴ φόρμιγγος γλαφυρῆς· ἀνὰ γάρ σφισι βάλλετʼ ἀείδειν Φήμιος· αὐτὰρ ὁ χειρὸς ἑλὼν προσέειπε συβώτην· Εὔμαιʼ, ἦ μάλα δὴ τάδε δώματα κάλʼ Ὀδυσῆος, 265ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν πολλοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι.

Then Melanthius, the goatherd, answered him: “Lo now, how the cur talks, his mind full of mischief. Him will I some day take on a black, benched ship far from Ithaca, that he may bring me in much wealth. Would that Apollo, of the silver bow, might smite Telemachus to-day in the halls, or that he might be slain by the wooers, as surely as for Odysseus in a far land the day of return has been lost.” So saying, he left them there, as they walked slowly on, but himself strode forward and right swiftly came to the palace of the king. Straightway he entered in and sat down among the wooers over against Eurymachus, for he loved him best of all. Then by him those that served set a portion of meat, and the grave housewife brought and set before him bread, for him to eat. And Odysseus and the goodly swineherd halted as they drew nigh, and about them rang the sound of the hollow lyre, for Phemius was striking the chords to sing before the wooers. Then Odysseus clasped the swineherd by the hand, and said: “Eumaeus, surely this is the beautiful house of Odysseus. Easily might it be known, though seen among many.

266ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερʼ ἐστίν, ἐπήσκηται δέ οἱ αὐλὴ τοίχῳ καὶ θριγκοῖσι, θύραι δʼ εὐερκέες εἰσὶ δικλίδες· οὐκ ἄν τίς μιν ἀνὴρ ὑπεροπλίσσαιτο. γιγνώσκω δʼ ὅτι πολλοὶ ἐν αὐτῷ δαῖτα τίθενται 270ἄνδρες, ἐπεὶ κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ ἠπύει, ἣν ἄρα δαιτὶ θεοὶ ποίησαν ἑταίρην. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· ῥεῖʼ ἔγνως, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τά τʼ ἄλλα πέρ ἐσσʼ ἀνοήμων. ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα. 275ἠὲ σὺ πρῶτος ἔσελθε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας, δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ· εἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον, ἐγὼ δʼ εἶμι προπάροιθε· μηδὲ σὺ δηθύνειν, μή τίς σʼ ἔκτοσθε νοήσας ἢ βάλῃ ἢ ἐλάσῃ· τὰ δέ σε φράζεσθαι ἄνωγα. 280τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· γιγνώσκω, φρονέω· τά γε δὴ νοέοντι κελεύεις. ἀλλʼ ἔρχευ προπάροιθεν, ἐγὼ δʼ ὑπολείψομαι αὐτοῦ. οὐ γάρ τι πληγέων ἀδαήμων οὐδὲ βολάων· τολμήεις μοι θυμός, ἐπεὶ κακὰ πολλὰ πέπονθα 285κύμασι καὶ πολέμῳ· μετὰ καὶ τόδε τοῖσι γενέσθω· γαστέρα δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἀποκρύψαι μεμαυῖαν, οὐλομένην, ἣ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἀνθρώποισι δίδωσι, τῆς ἕνεκεν καὶ νῆες ἐΰζυγοι ὁπλίζονται πόντον ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον, κακὰ δυσμενέεσσι φέρουσαι.

There is building upon building, and the court is built with wall and coping, and the double gates are well-fenced; no man may scorn it. And I mark that in the house itself many men are feasting: for the savour of meat arises from it, and therewith resounds the voice of the lyre, which the gods have made the companion of the feast.” To him then, swineherd Eumaeus, didst thou make answer, and say: “Easily hast thou marked it, for in all things thou art ready of wit. But come, let us take thought how these things shall be. Either do thou go first into the stately palace, and enter the company of the wooers, and I will remain behind here, or, if thou wilt, remain thou here and I will go before thee. But do not thou linger long, lest some man see thee without and pelt thee or smite thee. Of this I bid thee take thought.” Then the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus answered him: “I see, I give heed: this thou biddest one with understanding. But go thou before, and I will remain behind here; for no whit unused am I to blows and peltings. Staunch is my heart, for much evil have I suffered amid the waves and in war; let this too be added to what has gone before. But a ravening belly may no man hide, an accursed plague that brings many evils upon men. Because of it are the benched ships also made ready, that bear evil to foemen over the unresting sea.”

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.