Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 15.301–379: Odysseus tests Eumaeus

In the hut, Odysseus, wanting to learn whether Eumaeus will really keep him on, says that he must go to the city to beg. Eumaeus bids him stay and says that the suitors are hard masters, and that he would rather be the servant of a kind lord. Odysseus asks about the parents of Odysseus, and Eumaeus tells him that Laertes lives on, sorrowing, and that Anticlea has died of grief.

Lines 15.301–379 · 866 words · click a number to copy its link
301τὼ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐν κλισίῃ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ δῖος ὑφορβὸς δορπείτην· παρὰ δέ σφιν ἐδόρπεον ἀνέρες ἄλλοι. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, τοῖς δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετέειπε, συβώτεω πειρητίζων, 305ἤ μιν ἔτʼ ἐνδυκέως φιλέοι μεῖναί τε κελεύοι αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ σταθμῷ, ἦ ὀτρύνειε πόλινδε· κέκλυθι νῦν, Εὔμαιε, καὶ ἄλλοι πάντες ἑταῖροι· ἠῶθεν προτὶ ἄστυ λιλαίομαι ἀπονέεσθαι πτωχεύσων, ἵνα μή σε κατατρύχω καὶ ἑταίρους. 310ἀλλά μοι εὖ θʼ ὑπόθευ καὶ ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνʼ ἐσθλὸν ὄπασσον ὅς κέ με κεῖσʼ ἀγάγῃ· κατὰ δὲ πτόλιν αὐτὸς ἀνάγκῃ πλάγξομαι, αἴ κέν τις κοτύλην καὶ πύρνον ὀρέξῃ. καί κʼ ἐλθὼν πρὸς δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο ἀγγελίην εἴποιμι περίφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ, 315καί κε μνηστήρεσσιν ὑπερφιάλοισι μιγείην, εἴ μοι δεῖπνον δοῖεν ὀνείατα μυρίʼ ἔχοντες. αἶψά κεν εὖ δρώοιμι μετὰ σφίσιν ἅσσʼ ἐθέλοιεν.

But the two, Odysseus and the goodly swineherd, were supping in the hut, and with them supped the other men. But when they had put from them the desire of food and drink, Odysseus spoke among them, making trial of the swineherd to see whether he would still entertain him with kindly care and bid him remain there at the farmstead, or send him forth to the city: “Hearken now, Eumaeus, and all ye other men. In the morning I am minded to go forth to the city to beg, that I may not be the ruin of thee and of thy men. Now then, give me good counsel, and send with me a trusty guide to lead me thither; but through the city will I wander by myself perforce, in the hope that one haply will give me a cup of water and a loaf. Aye, and I would go to the house of godlike Odysseus and bear tidings to the wise Penelope, and join the company of the insolent wooers, if perchance they may give me a meal, since they have good cheer in abundance. Straightway might I do good service among them in all that they would.

318ἐκ γάρ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μευ ἄκουσον· Ἑρμείαο ἕκητι διακτόρου, ὅς ῥά τε πάντων 320ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει, δρηστοσύνῃ οὐκ ἄν μοι ἐρίσσειε βροτὸς ἄλλος, πῦρ τʼ εὖ νηῆσαι διά τε ξύλα δανὰ κεάσσαι, δαιτρεῦσαί τε καὶ ὀπτῆσαι καὶ οἰνοχοῆσαι, οἷά τε τοῖς ἀγαθοῖσι παραδρώωσι χέρηες. 325τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· ὤ μοι, ξεῖνε, τίη τοι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ τοῦτο νόημα ἔπλετο; ἦ σύ γε πάγχυ λιλαίεαι αὐτόθʼ ὀλέσθαι. εἰ δὴ μνηστήρων ἐθέλεις καταδῦναι ὅμιλον, τῶν ὕβρις τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει. 330οὔ τοι τοιοίδʼ εἰσὶν ὑποδρηστῆρες ἐκείνων, ἀλλὰ νέοι, χλαίνας εὖ εἱμένοι ἠδὲ χιτῶνας, αἰεὶ δὲ λιπαροὶ κεφαλὰς καὶ καλὰ πρόσωπα, οἵ σφιν ὑποδρώωσιν· ἐΰξεστοι δὲ τράπεζαι σίτου καὶ κρειῶν ἠδʼ οἴνου βεβρίθασιν. 335ἀλλὰ μένʼ· οὐ γάρ τίς τοι ἀνιᾶται παρεόντι, οὔτʼ ἐγὼ οὔτε τις ἄλλος ἑταίρων, οἵ μοι ἔασιν.

For I will tell thee, and do thou give heed and hearken. By the favour of Hermes, the messenger, who lends grace and glory to all men's work, in the business of serving no man beside can vie with me, in piling well a fire, in splitting dry faggots, in carving and roasting meat, and in pouring wine —in all things in which meaner men serve the noble.” Then deeply moved didst thou speak to him, swineherd Eumaeus: “Ah me, stranger, why has such a thought come into thy mind? Verily thou art fain utterly to perish there, if thou wouldest indeed enter the throng of the wooers, whose wantonness and violence reach the iron heaven. Not such as thou are their serving men; nay, they that serve them are young men, well clad in cloaks and tunics, and ever are their heads and bright faces sleek; and polished tables are laden with bread, and meat, and wine. Nay, abide here; there is none that is vexed by thy presence, not I, nor any other of the men that are with me.

337αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσιν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός, κεῖνός σε χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα ἕσσει, πέμψει δʼ ὅππη σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει. 340τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· αἴθʼ οὕτως, Εὔμαιε, φίλος Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιο ὡς ἐμοί, ὅττι μʼ ἔπαυσας ἄλης καὶ ὀϊζύος αἰνῆς. πλαγκτοσύνης δʼ οὐκ ἔστι κακώτερον ἄλλο βροτοῖσιν· ἀλλʼ ἕνεκʼ οὐλομένης γαστρὸς κακὰ κήδεʼ ἔχουσιν 345ἀνέρες, ὅν τινʼ ἵκηται ἄλη καὶ πῆμα καὶ ἄλγος. νῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ἰσχανάᾳς μεῖναί τέ με κεῖνον ἄνωγας, εἴπʼ ἄγε μοι περὶ μητρὸς Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο πατρός θʼ, ὃν κατέλειπεν ἰὼν ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ, ἤ που ἔτι ζώουσιν ὑπʼ αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο, 350ἦ ἤδη τεθνᾶσι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι. τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν· τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, ξεῖνε, μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύσω. Λαέρτης μὲν ἔτι ζώει, Διὶ δʼ εὔχεται αἰεὶ θυμὸν ἀπὸ μελέων φθίσθαι οἷς ἐν μεγάροισιν· 355ἐκπάγλως γὰρ παιδὸς ὀδύρεται οἰχομένοιο κουριδίης τʼ ἀλόχοιο δαΐφρονος, ἥ ἑ μάλιστα ἤκαχʼ ἀποφθιμένη καὶ ἐν ὠμῷ γήραϊ θῆκεν.

But when the dear son of Odysseus comes, he will himself clothe thee in a cloak and a tunic as raiment, and will send thee whithersoever thy heart and spirit bid thee go.” Then the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus answered him: “Would, Eumaeus, that thou mightest be as dear to father Zeus as thou art to me, for that thou hast made me cease from wandering and from grievous hardships. Than roaming naught else is more evil for mortals; yet for their cursed belly's sake men endure evil woes, when wandering and sorrow and pain come upon them. But now, since thou keepest me here and biddest me await thy master, come, tell me of the mother of godlike Odysseus, and of the father, whom, when he went forth, he left behind him on the threshold of old age. Are they haply still living beneath the rays of the sun? or are they now dead and in the house of Hades?” Then the swineherd, a leader of men, answered him: “Then verily, stranger, will I frankly tell thee. Laertes still lives, but ever prays to Zeus that his life may waste away from his limbs within his halls. For wondrously does he grieve for his son that is gone, and for the wise lady, his wedded wife, whose death troubled him most of all, and brought him to untimely old age.

358ἡ δʼ ἄχεϊ οὗ παιδὸς ἀπέφθιτο κυδαλίμοιο, λευγαλέῳ θανάτῳ, ὡς μὴ θάνοι ὅς τις ἐμοί γε 360ἐνθάδε ναιετάων φίλος εἴη καὶ φίλα ἔρδοι. ὄφρα μὲν οὖν δὴ κείνη ἔην, ἀχέουσά περ ἔμπης, τόφρα τί μοι φίλον ἔσκε μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι, οὕνεκά μʼ αὐτὴ θρέψεν ἅμα Κτιμένῃ τανυπέπλῳ, θυγατέρʼ ἰφθίμῃ, τὴν ὁπλοτάτην τέκε παίδων· 365τῇ ὁμοῦ ἐτρεφόμην, ὀλίγον δέ τί μʼ ἧσσον ἐτίμα. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἥβην πολυήρατον ἱκόμεθʼ ἄμφω, τὴν μὲν ἔπειτα Σάμηνδʼ ἔδοσαν καὶ μυρίʼ ἕλοντο, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματʼ ἐκείνη καλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφιέσασα, ποσὶν δʼ ὑποδήματα δοῦσα 370ἀγρόνδε προΐαλλε· φίλει δέ με κηρόθι μᾶλλον. νῦν δʼ ἤδη τούτων ἐπιδεύομαι· ἀλλά μοι αὐτῷ ἔργον ἀέξουσιν μάκαρες θεοὶ ᾧ ἐπιμίμνω· τῶν ἔφαγόν τʼ ἔπιόν τε καὶ αἰδοίοισιν ἔδωκα. ἐκ δʼ ἄρα δεσποίνης οὐ μείλιχον ἔστιν ἀκοῦσαι 375οὔτʼ ἔπος οὔτε τι ἔργον, ἐπεὶ κακὸν ἔμπεσεν οἴκῳ, ἄνδρες ὑπερφίαλοι· μέγα δὲ δμῶες χατέουσιν ἀντία δεσποίνης φάσθαι καὶ ἕκαστα πυθέσθαι καὶ φαγέμεν πιέμεν τε, ἔπειτα δὲ καί τι φέρεσθαι ἀγρόνδʼ, οἷά τε θυμὸν ἀεὶ δμώεσσιν ἰαίνει.

But she died of grief for her glorious son by a miserable death, as I would that no man may die who dwells here as my friend and does me kindness. So long as she lived, though it was in sorrow, it was ever a pleasure to me to ask and enquire after her, for she herself had brought me up with long-robed Ctimene, her noble daughter, whom she bore as her youngest child. With her was I brought up, and the mother honored me little less than her own children. But when we both reached the longed-for prime of youth they sent her to Same to wed, and got themselves countless bridal gifts, but as for me, my lady clad me in a cloak and tunic, right goodly raiment, and gave me sandals for my feet and sent me forth to the field; but in her heart she loved me the more. But now I lack all this, though for my own part the blessed gods make to prosper the work to which I give heed. Therefrom have I eaten and drunk, and given to reverend strangers. But from my mistress I may hear naught pleasant, whether word or deed, for a plague has fallen upon the house, even overweening men. Yet greatly do servants long to speak before their mistress, and learn of all, and to eat and drink, and thereafter to carry off somewhat also to the fields, such things as ever make the heart of a servant to grow warm.”

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Odyssey 15.301–379: Odysseus tests Eumaeus | Homer