Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 14.360–456: Eumaeus doubts; supper

Eumaeus will not believe that Odysseus is on his way, and says that he has been deceived before by a man from Aetolia. Odysseus proposes a wager, but Eumaeus refuses, saying that it would be a poor return for his hospitality. The herdsmen come in, and Eumaeus kills a pig and shares the meat out, giving Odysseus the chine, which pleases him.

Lines 14.360–456 · 1127 words · click a number to copy its link
360τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· ἆ δειλὲ ξείνων, ἦ μοι μάλα θυμὸν ὄρινας ταῦτα ἕκαστα λέγων, ὅσα δὴ πάθες ἠδʼ ὅσʼ ἀλήθης. ἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ὀΐομαι, οὐδέ με πείσεις εἰπὼν ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ· τί σε χρὴ τοῖον ἐόντα 365μαψιδίως ψεύδεσθαι; ἐγὼ δʼ εὖ οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς νόστον ἐμοῖο ἄνακτος, ὅ τʼ ἤχθετο πᾶσι θεοῖσι πάγχυ μάλʼ, ὅττι μιν οὔ τι μετὰ Τρώεσσι δάμασσαν ἠὲ φίλων ἐν χερσίν, ἐπεὶ πόλεμον τολύπευσε. τῷ κέν οἱ τύμβον μὲν ἐποίησαν Παναχαιοί, 370ἠδέ κε καὶ ᾧ παιδὶ μέγα κλέος ἤρατʼ ὀπίσσω νῦν δέ μιν ἀκλειῶς ἅρπυιαι ἀνηρείψαντο. αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ παρʼ ὕεσσιν ἀπότροπος· οὐδὲ πόλινδε ἔρχομαι, εἰ μή πού τι περίφρων Πηνελόπεια ἐλθέμεν ὀτρύνῃσιν, ὅτʼ ἀγγελίη ποθὲν ἔλθῃ. 375ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν τὰ ἕκαστα παρήμενοι ἐξερέουσιν, ἠμὲν οἳ ἄχνυνται δὴν οἰχομένοιο ἄνακτος, ἠδʼ οἳ χαίρουσιν βίοτον νήποινον ἔδοντες· ἀλλʼ ἐμοὶ οὐ φίλον ἐστὶ μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι, ἐξ οὗ δή μʼ Αἰτωλὸς ἀνὴρ ἐξήπαφε μύθῳ, 380ὅς ῥʼ ἄνδρα κτείνας, πολλὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀληθείς, ἦλθεν ἐμὰ πρὸς δώματʼ· ἐγὼ δέ μιν ἀμφαγάπαζον.

To him then, swineherd Eumaeus, didst thou make answer, and say: “Ah, wretched stranger, verily thou hast stirred my heart deeply in telling all the tale of thy sufferings and thy wanderings. But in this, methinks, thou hast not spoken aright, nor shalt thou persuade me with thy tale about Odysseus. Why shouldst thou, who art in such plight lie to no purpose? Nay, of myself I know well regarding the return of my master, that he was utterly hated of all the gods, in that they did not slay him among the Trojans, or in the arms of his friends, when he had wound up the skein of war. Then would the whole host of the Achaeans have made him a tomb, and for his son too he would have won great glory in days to come. But as it is the spirits of the storm have swept him away, and left no tidings. I, for my part, dwell aloof with the swine, nor do I go to the city, unless haply wise Penelope bids me thither, when tidings come to her from anywhere. Then men sit around him that comes, and question him closely, both those that grieve for their lord, that has long been gone, and those who rejoice, as they devour his substance without atonement. But I care not to ask or enquire, since the time when an Aetolian beguiled me with his story, one that had killed a man, and after wandering over the wide earth came to my house, and I gave him kindly welcome.

382φῆ δέ μιν ἐν Κρήτεσσι παρʼ Ἰδομενῆϊ ἰδέσθαι νῆας ἀκειόμενον, τάς οἱ ξυνέαξαν ἄελλαι· καὶ φάτʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι ἢ ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην, 385πολλὰ χρήματʼ ἄγοντα, σὺν ἀντιθέοις ἑτάροισι. καὶ σύ, γέρον πολυπενθές, ἐπεί σέ μοι ἤγαγε δαίμων, μήτε τί μοι ψεύδεσσι χαρίζεο μήτε τι θέλγε· οὐ γὰρ τοὔνεκʼ ἐγώ σʼ αἰδέσσομαι οὐδὲ φιλήσω, ἀλλὰ Δία ξένιον δείσας αὐτόν τʼ ἐλεαίρων. 390τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς ἦ μάλα τίς τοι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἄπιστος, οἷόν σʼ οὐδʼ ὀμόσας περ ἐπήγαγον οὐδέ σε πείθω. ἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ῥήτρην ποιησόμεθʼ· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε μάρτυροι ἀμφοτέροισι θεοί, τοὶ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν. 395εἰ μέν κεν νοστήσῃ ἄναξ τεὸς ἐς τόδε δῶμα, ἕσσας με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα πέμψαι Δουλίχιόνδʼ ἰέναι, ὅθι μοι φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ· εἰ δέ κε μὴ ἔλθῃσιν ἄναξ τεὸς ὡς ἀγορεύω, δμῶας ἐπισσεύας βαλέειν μεγάλης κατὰ πέτρης, 400ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλος πτωχὸς ἀλεύεται ἠπεροπεύειν.

He said that he had seen Odysseus among the Cretans at the house of Idomeneus, mending his ships which storms had shattered. And he said that he would come either by summer or by harvest-time, bringing much treasure along with his godlike comrades. Thou too, old man of many sorrows, since a god has brought thee to me, seek not to win my favour by lies, nor in any wise to cajole me. It is not for this that I shall shew thee respect or kindness, but from fear of Zeus, the stranger's god, and from pity for thyself.” Then Odysseus of many wiles answered him, and said: “Verily thou hast in thy bosom a heart that is slow to believe, seeing that in such wise, even with an oath, I won thee not, neither persuade thee. But come now, let us make a covenant, and the gods who hold Olympus shall be witnesses for us both in time to come. If thy master returns to this house, clothe me in a cloak and tunic, as raiment, and send me on my way to Dulichium, where I desire to be. But if thy master does not come as I say, set the slaves upon me, and fling me down from a great cliff, that another beggar may beware of deceiving.”

401τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε δῖος ὑφορβός· ξεῖνʼ, οὕτω γάρ κέν μοι ἐϋκλείη τʼ ἀρετή τε εἴη ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ἅμα τʼ αὐτίκα καὶ μετέπειτα, ὅς σʼ ἐπεὶ ἐς κλισίην ἄγαγον καὶ ξείνια δῶκα, 405αὖτις δὲ κτείναιμι φίλον τʼ ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἑλοίμην· πρόφρων κεν δὴ ἔπειτα Δία Κρονίωνα λιτοίμην. νῦν δʼ ὥρη δόρποιο· τάχιστά μοι ἔνδον ἑταῖροι εἶεν, ἵνʼ ἐν κλισίῃ λαρὸν τετυκοίμεθα δόρπον. ὣς οἱ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον, 410ἀγχίμολον δὲ σύες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἦλθον ὑφορβοί. τὰς μὲν ἄρα ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι, κλαγγὴ δʼ ἄσπετος ὦρτο συῶν αὐλιζομενάων αὐτὰρ ὁ οἷς ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο δῖος ὑφορβός· ἄξεθʼ ὑῶν τὸν ἄριστον, ἵνα ξείνῳ ἱερεύσω 415τηλεδαπῷ· πρὸς δʼ αὐτοὶ ὀνησόμεθʼ, οἵ περ ὀϊζὺν δὴν ἔχομεν πάσχοντες ὑῶν ἕνεκʼ ἀργιοδόντων· ἄλλοι δʼ ἡμέτερον κάματον νήποινον ἔδουσιν. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ, οἱ δʼ ὗν εἰσῆγον μάλα πίονα πενταέτηρον.

And the goodly swineherd answered him, and said: “Aye, stranger, so should I indeed win fair fame and prosperity among men both now and hereafter, if I, who brought thee to my hut and gave thee entertainment, should then slay thee, and take away thy dear life. With a ready heart thereafter should I pray to Zeus, son of Cronos. But it is now time for supper, and may my comrades soon be here, that we may make ready a savoury supper in the hut.” Thus they spoke to one another, and the swine and the swineherds drew near. The sows they shut up to sleep in their wonted sties, and a wondrous noise arose from them, as they were penned. Then the goodly swineherd called to his comrades saying: “Bring forth the best of the boars, that I may slaughter him for the stranger who comes from afar, and we too shall have some profit therefrom, who have long borne toil and suffering for the sake of the white-tusked swine, while others devour our labour without atonement.” So saying, he split wood with the pitiless bronze, and the others brought in a fatted boar of five years old, and set him by the hearth.

420τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἔστησαν ἐπʼ ἐσχάρῃ· οὐδὲ συβώτης λήθετʼ ἄρʼ ἀθανάτων· φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητʼ ἀγαθῇσιν· ἀλλʼ ὅγʼ ἀπαρχόμενος κεφαλῆς τρίχας ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, καὶ ἐπεύχετο πᾶσι θεοῖσιν νοστῆσαι Ὀδυσῆα πολύφρονα ὅνδε δόμονδε. 425κόψε δʼ ἀνασχόμενος σχίζῃ δρυός, ἣν λίπε κείων· τὸν δʼ ἔλιπε ψυχή. τοὶ δʼ ἔσφαξάν τε καὶ εὗσαν· αἶψα δέ μιν διέχευαν· ὁ δʼ ὠμοθετεῖτο συβώτης, πάντων ἀρχόμενος μελέων, ἐς πίονα δημόν, καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε, παλύνας ἀλφίτου ἀκτῇ, 430μίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν, ὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα, βάλλον δʼ εἰν ἐλεοῖσιν ἀολλέα· ἂν δὲ συβώτης ἵστατο δαιτρεύσων· περὶ γὰρ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη. καὶ τὰ μὲν ἕπταχα πάντα διεμοιρᾶτο δαΐζων· 435τὴν μὲν ἴαν νύμφῃσι καὶ Ἑρμῇ, Μαιάδος υἱεῖ, θῆκεν ἐπευξάμενος, τὰς δʼ ἄλλας νεῖμεν ἑκάστῳ· νώτοισιν δʼ Ὀδυσῆα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν ἀργιόδοντος ὑός, κύδαινε δὲ θυμὸν ἄνακτος· καί μιν φωνήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· 440αἴθʼ οὕτως, Εὔμαιε, φίλος Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιο ὡς ἐμοί, ὅττι τε τοῖον ἐόντʼ ἀγαθοῖσι γεραίρεις.

Nor did the swineherd forget the immortals, for he had an understanding heart, but as a first offering he cast into the fire bristles from the head of the white-tusked boar, and made prayer to all the gods that wise Odysseus might return to his own house. Then he raised himself up, and smote the boar with a billet of oak, which he had left when splitting the wood, and the boar's life left him. And the others cut the boar's throat, and signed him, and quickly cut him up, and the swineherd took as first offerings bits of raw flesh from all the limbs, and laid them in the rich fat. These he cast into the fire, when he had sprinkled them with barley meal, but the rest they cut up and spitted, and roasted it carefully, and drew it all off the spits, and cast it in a heap on platters. Then the swineherd stood up to carve, for well did his heart know what was fair, and he cut up the mess and divided it into seven portions. One with a prayer he set aside for the nymphs and for Hermes, son of Maia, and the rest he distributed to each. And Odysseus he honored with the long chine of the white-tusked boar, and made glad the heart of his master; and Odysseus of many wiles spoke to him, and said: “Eumaeus, mayest thou be as dear to father Zeus as thou art to me, since thou honourest me with a good portion, albeit I am in such plight.”

442τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· ἔσθιε, δαιμόνιε ξείνων, καὶ τέρπεο τοῖσδε, οἷα πάρεστι· θεὸς δὲ τὸ μὲν δώσει, τὸ δʼ ἐάσει, 445ὅττι κεν ᾧ θυμῷ ἐθέλῃ· δύναται γὰρ ἅπαντα. ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄργματα θῦσε θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσι, σπείσας δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν· ὁ δʼ ἕζετο ᾗ παρὰ μοίρῃ. σῖτον δέ σφιν ἔνειμε Μεσαύλιος, ὅν ῥα συβώτης 450αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος ἀποιχομένοιο ἄνακτος, νόσφιν δεσποίνης καὶ Λαέρταο γέροντος· πὰρ δʼ ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν. οἱ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, 455σῖτον μέν σφιν ἀφεῖλε Μεσαύλιος, οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ κοῖτον σίτου καὶ κρειῶν κεκορημένοι ἐσσεύοντο.

To him then, swineherd Eumaeus, didst thou make answer, and say: “Eat, unhappy stranger, and have joy of such fare as is here. It is the god that will give one thing and withhold another, even as seems good to his heart; for he can do all things.” He spoke, and sacrificed the firstling pieces to the gods that are for ever, and, when he had made libations of the flaming wine, he placed the cup in the hands of Odysseus, the sacker of cities, and took his seat by his own portion. And bread was served to them by Mesaulius, whom the swineherd had gotten by himself alone, while his master was gone, without the knowledge of his mistress or the old Laertes, buying him of the Taphians with his own goods. So they put forth their hands to the good cheer lying ready before them. But when they had put from them the desire of food and drink, Mesaulius took away the food, and they were fain to go to their rest, sated with bread and meat.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.