Homer · Odyssey Ὀδύσσεια

Homer, Odyssey 14.109–190: Eumaeus on his master; Odysseus swears he will return

The stranger asks the name of the master, and Eumaeus answers that he has long since given up believing any wanderer who brings news of Odysseus. Odysseus swears by Zeus that his master will return before the month is out, and Eumaeus does not believe him. Eumaeus then asks the stranger who he is and how he came to Ithaca.

Lines 14.109–190 · 943 words · click a number to copy its link
109ὣς φάθʼ, ὁ δʼ ἐνδυκέως κρέα τʼ ἤσθιε πῖνέ τε οἶνον 110ἁρπαλέως ἀκέων, κακὰ δὲ μνηστῆρσι φύτευεν. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δείπνησε καὶ ἤραρε θυμὸν ἐδωδῇ, καί οἱ πλησάμενος δῶκε σκύφον, ᾧ περ ἔπινεν, οἴνου ἐνίπλειον· ὁ δʼ ἐδέξατο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ, καί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· 115ὦ φίλε, τίς γάρ σε πρίατο κτεάτεσσιν ἑοῖσιν, ὧδε μάλʼ ἀφνειὸς καὶ καρτερὸς ὡς ἀγορεύεις; φῆς δʼ αὐτὸν φθίσθαι Ἀγαμέμνονος εἵνεκα τιμῆς. εἰπέ μοι, αἴ κέ ποθι γνώω τοιοῦτον ἐόντα. Ζεὺς γάρ που τό γε οἶδε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι, 120εἴ κέ μιν ἀγγείλαιμι ἰδών· ἐπὶ πολλὰ δʼ ἀλήθην. τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα συβώτης, ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν· ὦ γέρον, οὔ τις κεῖνον ἀνὴρ ἀλαλήμενος ἐλθὼν ἀγγέλλων πείσειε γυναῖκά τε καὶ φίλον υἱόν, ἀλλʼ ἄλλως κομιδῆς κεχρημένοι ἄνδρες ἀλῆται 125ψεύδοντʼ, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσιν ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι. ὃς δέ κʼ ἀλητεύων Ἰθάκης ἐς δῆμον ἵκηται, ἐλθὼν ἐς δέσποιναν ἐμὴν ἀπατήλια βάζει· ἡ δʼ εὖ δεξαμένη φιλέει καὶ ἕκαστα μεταλλᾷ, καί οἱ ὀδυρομένῃ βλεφάρων ἄπο δάκρυα πίπτει, 130ἣ θέμις ἐστὶ γυναικός, ἐπὴν πόσις ἄλλοθʼ ὄληται.

So he spoke, but Odysseus eagerly ate flesh and drank wine, greedily, in silence, and was sowing the seeds of evil for the wooers. But when he had dined, and satisfied his soul with food, then the swineherd filled the bowl from which he was himself wont to drink, and gave it him brim full of wine, and he took it, and was glad at heart; and he spoke, and addressed him with winged words: “Friend, who was it who bought thee with his wealth, a man so very rich and mighty, as thou tellest? Thou saidest that he died to win recompense for Agamemnon; tell me, if haply I may know him, being such an one. For Zeus, I ween, and the other immortal gods know whether I have seen him, and could bring tidings; for I have wandered far.” Then the swineherd, a leader of men, answered him: “Old man, no wanderer that came and brought tidings of him could persuade his wife and his dear son; nay, at random, when they have need of entertainment, do vagabonds lie, and are not minded to speak the truth. Whosoever in his wanderings comes to the land of Ithaca, goes to my mistress and tells a deceitful tale. And she, receiving him kindly, gives him entertainment, and questions him of all things, and the tears fall from her eyelids, while she weeps, as is the way of a woman, when her husband dies afar.

131αἶψά κε καὶ σύ, γεραιέ, ἔπος παρατεκτήναιο. εἴ τίς τοι χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα δοίη. τοῦ δʼ ἤδη μέλλουσι κύνες ταχέες τʼ οἰωνοὶ ῥινὸν ἀπʼ ὀστεόφιν ἐρύσαι, ψυχὴ δὲ λέλοιπεν· 135ἢ τόν γʼ ἐν πόντῳ φάγον ἰχθύες, ὀστέα δʼ αὐτοῦ κεῖται ἐπʼ ἠπείρου ψαμάθῳ εἰλυμένα πολλῇ. ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλωλε, φίλοισι δὲ κήδεʼ ὀπίσσω πᾶσιν, ἐμοὶ δὲ μάλιστα, τετεύχαται· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἄλλον ἤπιον ὧδε ἄνακτα κιχήσομαι, ὁππόσʼ ἐπέλθω, 140οὐδʼ εἴ κεν πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος αὖτις ἵκωμαι οἶκον, ὅθι πρῶτον γενόμην καί μʼ ἔτρεφον αὐτοί. οὐδέ νυ τῶν ἔτι τόσσον ὀδύρομαι, ἱέμενός περ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι ἐὼν ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ· ἀλλά μʼ Ὀδυσσῆος πόθος αἴνυται οἰχομένοιο. 145τὸν μὲν ἐγών, ὦ ξεῖνε, καὶ οὐ παρεόντʼ ὀνομάζειν αἰδέομαι· πέρι γάρ μʼ ἐφίλει καὶ κήδετο θυμῷ· ἀλλά μιν ἠθεῖον καλέω καὶ νόσφιν ἐόντα.

And readily wouldest thou too, old man, fashion a story, if one would give thee a cloak and a tunic for raiment. But as for him, ere now dogs and swift birds are like to have torn the flesh from his bones, and his spirit has left him; or in the sea fishes have eaten him, and his bones lie there on the shore, wrapped in deep sand. Thus has he perished yonder, and to his friends grief is appointed for days to come, to all, but most of all to me. For never again shall I find a master so kind, how far soever I go, not though I come again to the house of my father and mother, where at the first I was born, and they reared me themselves. Yet it is not for them that I henceforth mourn so much, eager though I am to behold them with my eyes and to be in my native land; nay, it is longing for Odysseus, who is gone, that seizes me. His name, stranger, absent though he is, I speak with awe, for greatly did he love me and care for me at heart; but I call him my lord beloved, for all he is not here.”

148τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς· ὦ φίλʼ, ἐπειδὴ πάμπαν ἀναίνεαι, οὐδʼ ἔτι φῇσθα 150κεῖνον ἐλεύσεσθαι, θυμὸς δέ τοι αἰὲν ἄπιστος· ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ αὔτως μυθήσομαι, ἀλλὰ σὺν ὅρκῳ, ὡς νεῖται Ὀδυσεύς· εὐαγγέλιον δέ μοι ἔστω αὐτίκʼ, ἐπεί κεν κεῖνος ἰὼν τὰ ἃ δώμαθʼ ἵκηται· ἕσσαι με χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε, εἵματα καλά· 155πρὶν δέ κε, καὶ μάλα περ κεχρημένος, οὔ τι δεχοίμην. ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσι γίγνεται, ὃς πενίῃ εἴκων ἀπατήλια βάζει. ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν, ξενίη τε τράπεζα, ἱστίη τʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ἣν ἀφικάνω· 160ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται ὡς ἀγορεύω. τοῦδʼ αὐτοῦ λυκάβαντος ἐλεύσεται ἐνθάδʼ Ὀδυσσεύς. τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένοιο, οἴκαδε νοστήσει, καὶ τίσεται ὅς τις ἐκείνου ἐνθάδʼ ἀτιμάζει ἄλοχον καὶ φαίδιμον υἱόν.

Then the much-enduring, goodly Odysseus answered him: “Friend, since thou dost utterly make denial, and declarest that he will never come again, and thy heart is ever unbelieving, therefore will I tell thee, not at random but with an oath, that Odysseus shall return. And let me have a reward for bearing good tidings, as soon as he shall come, and reach his home; clothe me in a cloak and tunic, goodly raiment. But ere that, how sore soever my need, I will accept naught; for hateful in my eyes as the gates of Hades is that man, who, yielding to stress of poverty, tells a deceitful tale. Now be my witness Zeus, above all gods, and this hospitable board, and the hearth of noble Odysseus to which I am come, that verily all these things shall be brought to pass even as I tell thee. In the course of this self-same day Odysseus shall come hither, as the old moon wanes, and the new appears. He shall return, and take vengeance on all those who here dishonor his wife and his glorious son.”

165τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· ὦ γέρον, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼν εὐαγγέλιον τόδε τίσω, οὔτʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἔτι οἶκον ἐλεύσεται· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος πῖνε, καὶ ἄλλα παρὲξ μεμνώμεθα, μηδέ με τούτων μίμνησκʼ· ἦ γὰρ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν 170ἄχνυται, ὁππότε τις μνήσῃ κεδνοῖο ἄνακτος. ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι ὅρκον μὲν ἐάσομεν, αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔλθοι ὅπως μιν ἐγώ γʼ ἐθέλω καὶ Πηνελόπεια Λαέρτης θʼ ὁ γέρων καὶ Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής. νῦν αὖ παιδὸς ἄλαστον ὀδύρομαι, ὃν τέκʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, 175Τηλεμάχου· τὸν ἐπεὶ θρέψαν θεοὶ ἔρνεϊ ἶσον, καί μιν ἔφην ἔσσεσθαι ἐν ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι χέρηα πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλοιο, δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἀγητόν, τὸν δέ τις ἀθανάτων βλάψε φρένας ἔνδον ἐΐσας ἠέ τις ἀνθρώπων· ὁ δʼ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν 180ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην· τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες ἀγαυοὶ οἴκαδʼ ἰόντα λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται νώνυμον ἐξ Ἰθάκης Ἀρκεισίου ἀντιθέοιο. ἀλλʼ ἦ τοι κεῖνον μὲν ἐάσομεν, ἤ κεν ἁλώῃ ἦ κε φύγῃ καί κέν οἱ ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων. 185ἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι σύ, γεραιέ, τὰ σʼ αὐτοῦ κήδεʼ ἐνίσπες καί μοι τοῦτʼ ἀγόρευσον ἐτήτυμον, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῶ· τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες; ὁπποίης τʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἀφίκεο· πῶς δέ σε ναῦται ἤγαγον εἰς Ἰθάκην; τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωντο; 190οὐ μὲν γάρ τί σε πεζὸν ὀΐομαι ἐνθάδʼ ἱκέσθαι.

To him then, swineherd Eumaeus, didst thou make answer, and say: “Old man, neither shall I, meseems, pay thee this reward for bearing good tidings, nor shall Odysseus ever come to his home. Nay, drink in peace, and let us turn our thoughts to other things, and do not thou recall this to my mind; for verily the heart in my breast is grieved whenever any one makes mention of my good master. But as for thy oath, we will let it be; yet I would that Odysseus might come, even as I desire, I, and Penelope, and the old man Laertes, and godlike Telemachus. But now it is for his son that I grieve unceasingly, even for Telemachus, whom Odysseus begot. When the gods had made him grow like a sapling, and I thought that he would be among men no whit worse than his dear father, glorious in form and comeliness, then some one of the immortals marred the wise spirit within him, or haply some man, and he went to sacred Pylos after tidings of his father. For him now the lordly wooers lie in wait on his homeward way, that the race of godlike Arceisius may perish out of Ithaca, and leave no name. But verily we will let him be; he may be taken, or he may escape, and the son of Cronos stretch forth his hand to guard him. But come, do thou, old man, tell me of thine own sorrows, and declare me this truly, that I may know full well. Who art thou among men, and from whence? Where is thy city, and where thy parents? On what manner of ship didst thou come, and how did sailors bring thee to Ithaca? Who did they declare themselves to be? For nowise, methinks, didst thou come hither on foot.”

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1919). Original text: Augustus Taber Murray (ed.), Homer, The Odyssey, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919, vols. 1-2 (Greek text, based on the Oxford Classical Text, and English translation, as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.