Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 11.489–595: Ajax holds the line; Machaon is wounded

Ajax defends the Achaeans like a river in spate, while Hector fights on the left and is unaware of him. Paris wounds the healer Machaon in the shoulder, and Idomeneus asks Nestor to take him to the ships. Zeus puts fear into Ajax, and he withdraws slowly like a stubborn donkey beaten from a cornfield.

Lines 11.489–595 · 1157 words · click a number to copy its link
489Αἴας δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐπάλμενος εἷλε Δόρυκλον 490Πριαμίδην νόθον υἱόν, ἔπειτα δὲ Πάνδοκον οὖτα, οὖτα δὲ Λύσανδρον καὶ Πύρασον ἠδὲ Πυλάρτην. ὡς δʼ ὁπότε πλήθων ποταμὸς πεδίον δὲ κάτεισι χειμάρρους κατʼ ὄρεσφιν ὀπαζόμενος Διὸς ὄμβρῳ, πολλὰς δὲ δρῦς ἀζαλέας, πολλὰς δέ τε πεύκας 495ἐσφέρεται, πολλὸν δέ τʼ ἀφυσγετὸν εἰς ἅλα βάλλει, ὣς ἔφεπε κλονέων πεδίον τότε φαίδιμος Αἴας, δαΐζων ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας· οὐδέ πω Ἕκτωρ πεύθετʼ, ἐπεί ῥα μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ μάρνατο πάσης ὄχθας πὰρ ποταμοῖο Σκαμάνδρου, τῇ ῥα μάλιστα 500ἀνδρῶν πῖπτε κάρηνα, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει Νέστορά τʼ ἀμφὶ μέγαν καὶ ἀρήϊον Ἰδομενῆα. Ἕκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν ὁμίλει μέρμερα ῥέζων ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε, νέων δʼ ἀλάπαζε φάλαγγας· οὐδʼ ἄν πω χάζοντο κελεύθου δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ 505εἰ μὴ Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο παῦσεν ἀριστεύοντα Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν, ἰῷ τριγλώχινι βαλὼν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον.

Then Aias leapt upon the Trojans and slew Doryclus, bastard son of Priam, and after him smote Pandocus with a thrust, and likewise Lysander and Pyrasus and Pylartes. And as when a river in flood cometh down upon a plain, a winter torrent from the mountains, driven on by the rain of Zeus, and many a dry oak and many a pine it beareth in its course, and much drift it casteth into the sea; even so glorious Aias charged tumultuously over the plain on that day, slaying horses and men. Nor did Hector as yet know aught thereof, for he was fighting on the left of all the battle by the banks of the river Scamander, where chiefly the heads of warriors were falling, and a cry unquenchable arose, round about great Nestor and warlike Idomeneus. With these had Hector dalliance, and terrible deeds he wrought with the spear and in horsemanship, and he laid waste the battalions of the young men. Yet would the goodly Achaeans in no wise have given ground from their course, had not Alexander, the lord of fair-haired Helen, stayed Machaon, shepherd of the host, in the midst of his valorous deeds, and smitten him on the right shoulder with a three-barbed arrow.

508τῷ ῥα περίδεισαν μένεα πνείοντες Ἀχαιοὶ μή πώς μιν πολέμοιο μετακλινθέντος ἕλοιεν. 510αὐτίκα δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς προσεφώνεε Νέστορα δῖον· ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν ἄγρει σῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, πὰρ δὲ Μαχάων βαινέτω, ἐς νῆας δὲ τάχιστʼ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους· ἰητρὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ πολλῶν ἀντάξιος ἄλλων 515ἰούς τʼ ἐκτάμνειν ἐπί τʼ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσειν. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ. αὐτίκα δʼ ὧν ὀχέων ἐπεβήσετο, πὰρ δὲ Μαχάων βαῖνʼ Ἀσκληπιοῦ υἱὸς ἀμύμονος ἰητῆρος· μάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην 520νῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τῇ γὰρ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ. Κεβριόνης δὲ Τρῶας ὀρινομένους ἐνόησεν Ἕκτορι παρβεβαώς, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· Ἕκτορ νῶϊ μὲν ἐνθάδʼ ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσιν ἐσχατιῇ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι 525Τρῶες ὀρίνονται ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ αὐτοί.

Then sorely did the Achaeans breathing might fear for him, lest haply men should slay him in the turning of the fight. And forthwith Idomeneus spake to goodly Nestor: Nestor, son of Neleus, great glory of the Achaeans, come, get thee upon thy chariot, and let Machaon mount beside thee, and swiftly do thou drive to the ships thy single-hooved horses. For a leech is of the worth of many other men for the cutting out of arrows and the spreading of soothing simples. So spake he, and the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, failed not to hearken. Forthwith he got him upon his chariot, and beside him mounted Machaon, the son of Asclepius the peerless leech; and he touched the horses with the lash, and nothing loath the pair sped on to the hollow ships, for there were they fain to be. But Cebriones beheld the Trojans being driven in rout, as he stood by Hector's side in his chariot, and he spake to him, saying: Hector, we twain have dalliance with the Danaans here, on the skirts of dolorous war, whereas the other Trojans are driven in rout confusedly, both horses and men.

526Αἴας δὲ κλονέει Τελαμώνιος· εὖ δέ μιν ἔγνων· εὐρὺ γὰρ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχει σάκος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμεῖς κεῖσʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρμʼ ἰθύνομεν, ἔνθα μάλιστα ἱππῆες πεζοί τε κακὴν ἔριδα προβαλόντες 530ἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσι, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὄρωρεν. ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους μάστιγι λιγυρῇ· τοὶ δὲ πληγῆς ἀΐοντες ῥίμφʼ ἔφερον θοὸν ἅρμα μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς στείβοντες νέκυάς τε καὶ ἀσπίδας· αἵματι δʼ ἄξων 535νέρθεν ἅπας πεπάλακτο καὶ ἄντυγες αἳ περὶ δίφρον, ἃς ἄρʼ ἀφʼ ἱππείων ὁπλέων ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον αἵ τʼ ἀπʼ ἐπισσώτρων. ὃ δὲ ἵετο δῦναι ὅμιλον ἀνδρόμεον ῥῆξαί τε μετάλμενος· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμὸν ἧκε κακὸν Δαναοῖσι, μίνυνθα δὲ χάζετο δουρός. 540αὐτὰρ ὃ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἔγχεΐ τʼ ἄορί τε μεγάλοισί τε χερμαδίοισιν, Αἴαντος δʼ ἀλέεινε μάχην Τελαμωνιάδαο. Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Αἴανθʼ ὑψίζυγος ἐν φόβον ὦρσε· 545στῆ δὲ ταφών, ὄπιθεν δὲ σάκος βάλεν ἑπταβόειον, τρέσσε δὲ παπτήνας ἐφʼ ὁμίλου θηρὶ ἐοικὼς ἐντροπαλιζόμενος ὀλίγον γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων.

And it is Aias, son of Telamon, that driveth them; well do I know him, for wide is the shield he hath about his shoulders. Nay, let us too drive thither our horses and car, where most of all horsemen and footmen, vying in evil rivalry, are slaying one another, and the cry goes up unquenchable. So saying he smote the fair-maned horses with the shrill-sounding lash, and they, feeling the blow, fleetly bare the swift car amid the Trojans and Achaeans, trampling on the dead and on the shields, and with blood was all the axle sprinkled beneath, and the rims round about the car, with the drops that smote upon them from the horses' hooves and from the tires. And Hector was eager to enter the throng of men, to leap in and shatter it, and an evil din of war he sent among the Danaans, and scant rest did he give his spear. Nay, he ranged among the ranks of the other warriors with spear and sword and with great stones; only he avoided battle with Aias, son of Telamon. Now father Zeus, throned on high, roused Aias to flight, and he stood in a daze, and on his back he cast his sevenfold shield of bull's-hide, and with an anxious glance toward the throng he gave way, like a wild beast, ever turning him about and retreating slowly step by step.

548ὡς δʼ αἴθωνα λέοντα βοῶν ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο ἐσσεύαντο κύνες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἀγροιῶται, 550οἵ τέ μιν οὐκ εἰῶσι βοῶν ἐκ πῖαρ ἑλέσθαι πάννυχοι ἐγρήσσοντες· ὃ δὲ κρειῶν ἐρατίζων ἰθύει, ἀλλʼ οὔ τι πρήσσει· θαμέες γὰρ ἄκοντες ἀντίον ἀΐσσουσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν καιόμεναί τε δεταί, τάς τε τρεῖ ἐσσύμενός περ· 555ἠῶθεν δʼ ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἔβη τετιηότι θυμῷ· ὣς Αἴας τότʼ ἀπὸ Τρώων τετιημένος ἦτορ ἤϊε πόλλʼ ἀέκων· περὶ γὰρ δίε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὄνος παρʼ ἄρουραν ἰὼν ἐβιήσατο παῖδας νωθής, ᾧ δὴ πολλὰ περὶ ῥόπαλʼ ἀμφὶς ἐάγῃ, 560κείρει τʼ εἰσελθὼν βαθὺ λήϊον· οἳ δέ τε παῖδες τύπτουσιν ῥοπάλοισι· βίη δέ τε νηπίη αὐτῶν· σπουδῇ τʼ ἐξήλασσαν, ἐπεί τʼ ἐκορέσσατο φορβῆς· ὣς τότʼ ἔπειτʼ Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱὸν Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι πολυηγερέες τʼ ἐπίκουροι 565νύσσοντες ξυστοῖσι μέσον σάκος αἰὲν ἕποντο. Αἴας δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν μνησάσκετο θούριδος ἀλκῆς αὖτις ὑποστρεφθείς, καὶ ἐρητύσασκε φάλαγγας Τρώων ἱπποδάμων· ὁτὲ δὲ τρωπάσκετο φεύγειν.

And even as a tawny lion is driven from the fold of the kine by dogs and country folk, that suffer him not to seize the fattest of the herd, watching the whole night through, but he in his lust for flesh goeth straight on, yet accomplisheth naught thereby, for thick the darts fly to meet him, hurled by bold hands, and blazing brands withal, before which he quaileth, how eager soever he be, and at dawn he departeth with sullen heart; so Aias then gave way before the Trojans sullen at heart, and sorely against his will, for exceedingly did he fear for the ships of the Achaeans. And as when an ass that passeth by a cornfield getteth the better of boys—a lazy ass about whose ribs many a cudgel is broken, and he goeth in and wasteth the deep grain, and the boys beat him with cudgels, though their might is but puny, and hardly do they drive him forth when he hath had his fill of fodder; even so then did the Trojans, high of heart, and their allies, gathered from many lands, smite great Aias, son of Telamon, with spears full upon his shield, and ever press upon him. And Aias would now be mindful of his furious valour, and wheeling upon them would hold back the battalions of the horse-taming Trojans, and now again he would turn him to flee.

569πάντας δὲ προέεργε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ὁδεύειν, 570αὐτὸς δὲ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν θῦνε μεσηγὺ ἱστάμενος· τὰ δὲ δοῦρα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν ἄλλα μὲν ἐν σάκεϊ μεγάλῳ πάγεν ὄρμενα πρόσσω, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγύ, πάρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν, ἐν γαίῃ ἵσταντο λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι. 575τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησʼ Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς Εὐρύπυλος πυκινοῖσι βιαζόμενον βελέεσσι, στῆ ῥα παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ, καὶ βάλε Φαυσιάδην Ἀπισάονα ποιμένα λαῶν ἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν· 580Εὐρύπυλος δʼ ἐπόρουσε καὶ αἴνυτο τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων. τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδὴς τεύχεʼ ἀπαινύμενον Ἀπισάονος, αὐτίκα τόξον ἕλκετʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρυπύλῳ, καί μιν βάλε μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ δεξιόν· ἐκλάσθη δὲ δόναξ, ἐβάρυνε δὲ μηρόν. 585ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων, ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς· ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες στῆτʼ ἐλελιχθέντες καὶ ἀμύνετε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Αἴανθʼ, ὃς βελέεσσι βιάζεται, οὐδέ ἕ φημι 590φεύξεσθʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην ἵστασθʼ ἀμφʼ Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱόν. ὣς ἔφατʼ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος· οἳ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν πλησίοι ἔστησαν σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες δούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· τῶν δʼ ἀντίος ἤλυθεν Αἴας. 595στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς, ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων.

But he barred them all from making way to the swift ships, and himself stood between Trojans and Achaeans, battling furiously. And the spears hurled by bold hands were some of them lodged in his great shield, as they sped onward, and many, ere ever they reached his white body, stood fixed midway in the earth, fain to glut themselves with flesh. But when Euaemon's glorious son, Eurypylus, saw him oppressed by thick-flying missiles, he came and stood by his side and hurled with his shining spear, and smote Apisaon, son of Phausius, shepherd of the host, in the liver below the midriff, and straightway loosed his knees; and Eurypylus leapt upon him and set him to strip the harness from his shoulders. But when godlike Alexander marked him stripping the harness from Apisaon, forthwith he drew his bow against Eurypylus, and smote him with an arrow on the right thigh; and the reed of the arrow brake, yet was his thigh made heavy. Then back he shrank into the throng of his comrades, avoiding fate, and he uttered a piercing shout, and called to the Danaans: My friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives, turn ye and stand, and ward off the pitiless day of doom from Aias who is oppressed with missiles; nor do I deem that he will escape from dolorous war. Nay verily, stand ye and face the foe about great Aias, son of Telamon. So spake the wounded Eurypylus, and they came and stood close beside him, leaning their shields against their shoulders and holding their spears on high; and toward them came Aias, and turned and stood when he had reached the throng of his comrades.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 11.489–595: Ajax holds the line; Machaon is wounded