Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 13.1–125: Poseidon rouses the two Ajaxes

Zeus turns his eyes away from the ships, and Poseidon, watching from Samothrace, goes down and drives his horses across the sea to the Achaean camp. In the likeness of Calchas he strikes the two Ajaxes with his staff and fills them with strength, and then goes through the host rousing the weary and the wounded. He tells the Achaeans that Hector has broken the gates and is fighting at the ships, and urges them to hold.

Lines 13.1–125 · 1406 words · click a number to copy its link
1Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα νηυσὶ πέλασσε, τοὺς μὲν ἔα παρὰ τῇσι πόνον τʼ ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀϊζὺν νωλεμέως, αὐτὸς δὲ πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινὼ νόσφιν ἐφʼ ἱπποπόλων Θρῃκῶν καθορώμενος αἶαν 5Μυσῶν τʼ ἀγχεμάχων καὶ ἀγαυῶν ἱππημολγῶν γλακτοφάγων Ἀβίων τε δικαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων. ἐς Τροίην δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἔτι τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώ· οὐ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀθανάτων τινα ἔλπετο ὃν κατὰ θυμὸν ἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσιν. 10οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κρείων ἐνοσίχθων· καὶ γὰρ ὃ θαυμάζων ἧστο πτόλεμόν τε μάχην τε ὑψοῦ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς Σάμου ὑληέσσης Θρηϊκίης· ἔνθεν γὰρ ἐφαίνετο πᾶσα μὲν Ἴδη, φαίνετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν. 15ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἕζετʼ ἰών, ἐλέαιρε δʼ Ἀχαιοὺς Τρωσὶν δαμναμένους, Διὶ δὲ κρατερῶς ἐνεμέσσα. αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὄρεος κατεβήσετο παιπαλόεντος κραιπνὰ ποσὶ προβιβάς· τρέμε δʼ οὔρεα μακρὰ καὶ ὕλη ποσσὶν ὑπʼ ἀθανάτοισι Ποσειδάωνος ἰόντος.

Now Zeus, when he had brought the Trojans and Hector to the ships, left the combatants there to have toil and woe unceasingly, but himself turned away his bright eyes, and looked afar, upon the land of the Thracian horsemen, and of the Mysians that fight in close combat, and of the lordly Hippemolgi that drink the milk of mares, and of the Abii, the most righteous of men. To Troy he no longer in any wise turned his bright eyes, for he deemed not in his heart that any of the immortals would draw nigh to aid either Trojans or Danaans. But the lord, the Shaker of Earth, kept no blind watch, for he sat marvelling at the war and the battle, high on the topmost peak of wooded Samothrace, for from thence all Ida was plain to see; and plain to see were the city of Priam, and the ships of the Achaeans. There he sat, being come forth from the sea, and he had pity on the Achaeans that they were overcome by the Trojans, and against Zeus was he mightily wroth. Forthwith then he went down from the rugged mount, striding forth with swift footsteps, and the high mountains trembled and the woodland beneath the immortal feet of Poseidon as he went.

20τρὶς μὲν ὀρέξατʼ ἰών, τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἵκετο τέκμωρ Αἰγάς, ἔνθα δέ οἱ κλυτὰ δώματα βένθεσι λίμνης χρύσεα μαρμαίροντα τετεύχαται ἄφθιτα αἰεί. ἔνθʼ ἐλθὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω ὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε, 25χρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην χρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου, βῆ δʼ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματʼ· ἄταλλε δὲ κήτεʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πάντοθεν ἐκ κευθμῶν, οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησεν ἄνακτα· γηθοσύνῃ δὲ θάλασσα διίστατο· τοὶ δὲ πέτοντο 30ῥίμφα μάλʼ, οὐδʼ ὑπένερθε διαίνετο χάλκεος ἄξων· τὸν δʼ ἐς Ἀχαιῶν νῆας ἐΰσκαρθμοι φέρον ἵπποι. ἔστι δέ τι σπέος εὐρὺ βαθείης βένθεσι λίμνης μεσσηγὺς Τενέδοιο καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης· ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων 35λύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δʼ ἀμβρόσιον βάλεν εἶδαρ ἔδμεναι· ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδας ἔβαλε χρυσείας ἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, ὄφρʼ ἔμπεδον αὖθι μένοιεν νοστήσαντα ἄνακτα· ὃ δʼ ἐς στρατὸν ᾤχετʼ Ἀχαιῶν.

Thrice he strode in his course, and with the fourth stride he reached his goal, even Aegae, where was his famous palace builded in the depths of the mere, golden and gleaming, imperishable for ever. Thither came he, and let harness beneath his car his two bronze hooved horses, swift of flight, with flowing manes of gold; and with gold he clad himself about his body, and grasped the well-wrought whip of gold, and stepped upon his car, and set out to drive over the waves. Then gambolled the sea-beasts beneath him on every side from out the deeps, for well they knew their lord, and in gladness the sea parted before him; right swiftly sped they on, and the axle of bronze was not wetted beneath; and unto the ships of the Achaeans did the prancing steeds bear their lord. There is a wide cavern in the depths of the deep mere, midway between Tenedos and rugged Imbros. There Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, stayed his horses, and loosed them from the car, and cast before them food ambrosial to graze upon, and about their feet he put hobbles of gold, neither to be broken nor loosed, that they might abide fast where they were against the return of their lord; and himself he went to the host of the Achaeans.

39Τρῶες δὲ φλογὶ ἶσοι ἀολλέες ἠὲ θυέλλῃ 40Ἕκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτες ἕποντο ἄβρομοι αὐΐαχοι· ἔλποντο δὲ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν αἱρήσειν, κτενέειν δὲ παρʼ αὐτόθι πάντας ἀρίστους. ἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος Ἀργείους ὄτρυνε βαθείης ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθὼν 45εἰσάμενος Κάλχαντι δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν· Αἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ· Αἴαντε σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἀλκῆς μνησαμένω, μὴ δὲ κρυεροῖο φόβοιο. ἄλλῃ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγʼ οὐ δείδια χεῖρας ἀάπτους 50Τρώων, οἳ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ· ἕξουσιν γὰρ πάντας ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί· τῇ δὲ δὴ αἰνότατον περιδείδια μή τι πάθωμεν, ᾗ ῥʼ ὅ γʼ ὁ λυσσώδης φλογὶ εἴκελος ἡγεμονεύει Ἕκτωρ, ὃς Διὸς εὔχετʼ ἐρισθενέος πάϊς εἶναι. 55σφῶϊν δʼ ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν αὐτώ θʼ ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους· τώ κε καὶ ἐσσύμενόν περ ἐρωήσαιτʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν ὠκυπόρων, εἰ καί μιν Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἐγείρει.

But the Trojans, all in one body, like flame or tempest-blast were following furiously after Hector, son of Priam, with loud shouts and cries, and they deemed that they would take the ships of the Achaeans, and slay thereby all the bravest. Howbeit Poseidon, the Enfolder and Shaker of Earth, set him to urge on the Argives, when he had come forth from the deep sea, in the likeness of Calchas, both in form and untiring voice. To the two Aiantes spake he first, that were of themselves full eager: Ye Aiantes twain, ye two shall save the host of the Achaeans, if ye are mindful of your might, and think not of chill rout. Not otherwhere do I dread the invincible hands of the Trojans that have climbed over the great wall in their multitude, for the well-greaved Achaeans will hold back all; nay it is here that I have wondrous dread lest some evil befall us, here where yon madman is leading on like a flame of fire, even Hector, that boasts him to be a son of mighty Zeus. But in the hearts of you twain may some god put it, here to stand firm yourselves, and to bid others do the like; so might ye drive him back from the swift-faring ships, despite his eagerness, aye, even though the Olympian himself be urging him on.

59ἦ καὶ σκηπανίῳ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος 60ἀμφοτέρω κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος κρατεροῖο, γυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρὰ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν. αὐτὸς δʼ ὥς τʼ ἴρηξ ὠκύπτερος ὦρτο πέτεσθαι, ὅς ῥά τʼ ἀπʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης περιμήκεος ἀρθεὶς ὁρμήσῃ πεδίοιο διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο, 65ὣς ἀπὸ τῶν ἤϊξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων. τοῖιν δʼ ἔγνω πρόσθεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας, αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντα προσέφη Τελαμώνιον υἱόν· Αἶαν ἐπεί τις νῶϊ θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι μάντεϊ εἰδόμενος κέλεται παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχεσθαι, 70οὐδʼ ὅ γε Κάλχας ἐστὶ θεοπρόπος οἰωνιστής· ἴχνια γὰρ μετόπισθε ποδῶν ἠδὲ κνημάων ῥεῖʼ ἔγνων ἀπιόντος· ἀρίγνωτοι δὲ θεοί περ· καὶ δʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι μᾶλλον ἐφορμᾶται πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι, 75μαιμώωσι δʼ ἔνερθε πόδες καὶ χεῖρες ὕπερθε. τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Τελαμώνιος Αἴας· οὕτω νῦν καὶ ἐμοὶ περὶ δούρατι χεῖρες ἄαπτοι μαιμῶσιν, καί μοι μένος ὤρορε, νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν ἔσσυμαι ἀμφοτέροισι· μενοινώω δὲ καὶ οἶος 80Ἕκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτι μάχεσθαι.

Therewith the Enfolder and Shaker of Earth smote the twain with his staff, and filled them with valorous strength and made their limbs light, their feet and their hands above. And himself, even as a hawk, swift of flight, speedeth forth to fly, and poising himself aloft above a high sheer rock, darteth over the plain to chase some other bird; even so from them sped Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth. And of the twain swift Aias, son of Oïleus, was first to mark the god, and forthwith spake to Aias, son of Telamon: Aias, seeing it is one of the gods who hold Olympus that in the likeness of the seer biddeth the two of us fight beside the ships— not Calchas is he, the prophet, and reader of omens, for easily did I know the tokens behind him of feet and of legs as he went from us; and plain to be known are the gods —lo, mine own heart also within my breast is the more eager to war and do battle, and my feet beneath and my hands above are full fain. Then in answer spake to him Telamonian Aias: Even so too mine own hands invincible are fain now to grasp the spear, and my might is roused, and both my feet are swift beneath me; and I am eager to meet even in single fight Hector, Priam's son, that rageth incessantly.

81ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον χάρμῃ γηθόσυνοι, τήν σφιν θεὸς ἔμβαλε θυμῷ· τόφρα δὲ τοὺς ὄπιθεν γαιήοχος ὦρσεν Ἀχαιούς, οἳ παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἀνέψυχον φίλον ἦτορ. 85τῶν ῥʼ ἅμα τʼ ἀργαλέῳ καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο, καί σφιν ἄχος κατὰ θυμὸν ἐγίγνετο δερκομένοισι Τρῶας, τοὶ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ. τοὺς οἵ γʼ εἰσορόωντες ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυα λεῖβον· οὐ γὰρ ἔφαν φεύξεσθαι ὑπʼ ἐκ κακοῦ· ἀλλʼ ἐνοσίχθων 90ῥεῖα μετεισάμενος κρατερὰς ὄτρυνε φάλαγγας. Τεῦκρον ἔπι πρῶτον καὶ Λήϊτον ἦλθε κελεύων Πηνέλεών θʼ ἥρωα Θόαντά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε Μηριόνην τε καὶ Ἀντίλοχον μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς· τοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· 95αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κοῦροι νέοι· ὔμμιν ἔγωγε μαρναμένοισι πέποιθα σαωσέμεναι νέας ἁμάς· εἰ δʼ ὑμεῖς πολέμοιο μεθήσετε λευγαλέοιο, νῦν δὴ εἴδεται ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι.

On this wise spake they one to the other, rejoicing in the fury of fight which the god put in their hearts; and meanwhile the Enfolder of Earth roused the Achaeans that were in the rear beside the swift ships, and were refreshing their hearts. Their limbs were loosed by their grievous toil and therewithal sorrow waxed in their hearts, as they beheld the Trojans that had climbed over the great wall in their multitude. Aye, as they looked upon these they let tears fall from beneath their brows, for they deemed not that they should escape from ruin. But the Shaker of Earth, lightly passing among them, aroused their strong battalions. To Teucer first he came and to Leïtus, to bid them on, and to the warrior Peneleos, and Thoas and Deïpyrus, and Meriones and Antilochus, masters of the war-cry; to these he spake, spurring them on with winged words: Shame, ye Argives, mere striplings! It was in your fighting that I trusted for the saving of our ships; but if ye are to flinch from grievous war, then of a surety hath the day now dawned for us to be vanquished beneath the Trojans. Out upon it!

99ὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι 100δεινόν, ὃ οὔ ποτʼ ἔγωγε τελευτήσεσθαι ἔφασκον, Τρῶας ἐφʼ ἡμετέρας ἰέναι νέας, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ φυζακινῇς ἐλάφοισιν ἐοίκεσαν, αἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην θώων παρδαλίων τε λύκων τʼ ἤϊα πέλονται αὔτως ἠλάσκουσαι ἀνάλκιδες, οὐδʼ ἔπι χάρμη· 105ὣς Τρῶες τὸ πρίν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας Ἀχαιῶν μίμνειν οὐκ ἐθέλεσκον ἐναντίον, οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν· νῦν δὲ ἑκὰς πόλιος κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχονται ἡγεμόνος κακότητι μεθημοσύνῃσί τε λαῶν, οἳ κείνῳ ἐρίσαντες ἀμυνέμεν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι 110νηῶν ὠκυπόρων, ἀλλὰ κτείνονται ἀνʼ αὐτάς. ἀλλʼ εἰ δὴ καὶ πάμπαν ἐτήτυμον αἴτιός ἐστιν ἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων οὕνεκʼ ἀπητίμησε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα, ἡμέας γʼ οὔ πως ἔστι μεθιέμεναι πολέμοιο. 115ἀλλʼ ἀκεώμεθα θᾶσσον· ἀκεσταί τοι φρένες ἐσθλῶν. ὑμεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἔτι καλὰ μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς πάντες ἄριστοι ἐόντες ἀνὰ στρατόν. οὐδʼ ἂν ἔγωγε ἀνδρὶ μαχεσσαίμην ὅς τις πολέμοιο μεθείη λυγρὸς ἐών· ὑμῖν δὲ νεμεσσῶμαι περὶ κῆρι. 120ὦ πέπονες τάχα δή τι κακὸν ποιήσετε μεῖζον τῇδε μεθημοσύνῃ· ἀλλʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος αἰδῶ καὶ νέμεσιν· δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν. Ἕκτωρ δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς πολεμίζει καρτερός, ἔρρηξεν δὲ πύλας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα. 125ὥς ῥα κελευτιόων γαιήοχος ὦρσεν Ἀχαιούς.

Verily a great marvel is this that mine eyes behold, a dread thing that I deemed should never be brought to pass: the Trojans are making way against our ships, they that heretofore were like panic-stricken hinds that in the woodland become the prey of jackals and pards and wolves, as they wander vainly in their cowardice, nor is there any fight in them. Even so the Trojans aforetime had never the heart to abide and face the might and the hands of the Achaeans, no not for a moment. But lo, now far from the city they are fighting at the hollow ships because of the baseness of our leader and the slackness of the folk, that, being at strife with him, have no heart to defend the swift-faring ships, but are slain in the midst of them. But if in very truth the warrior son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, is the cause of all, for that he wrought dishonour on the swift-footed son of Peleus, yet may we in no wise prove slack in war. Nay, let us atone for the fault with speed: the hearts of good men admit of atonement. But it is no longer well that ye are slack in furious valour, all ye that are the best men in the host. Myself I would not quarrel with one that was slack in war, so he were but a sorry wight, but with you I am exceeding wroth at heart. Ye weaklings, soon ye shall cause yet greater evil by this slackness. Nay, take in your hearts, each man of you, shame and indignation; for in good sooth mighty is the conflict that has arisen. Hector, good at the war-cry, is fighting at the ships, strong in his might, and hath broken the gates and the long bar.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 13.1–125: Poseidon rouses the two Ajaxes | Homer