Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 14.361–439: Poseidon rallies the Achaeans; Ajax strikes Hector down

Poseidon, told that Zeus is asleep, urges the Argives to arm in the largest shields and then leads them out with a long sword in his hand. Hector and Ajax clash, and Ajax strikes Hector on the chest with a stone so that he falls like an oak struck by lightning. The Trojan leaders drive the Achaeans back from the body, and Hector is carried to the ford of the Xanthus, where he revives briefly and then sinks back, vomiting black blood.

Lines 14.361–439 · 918 words · click a number to copy its link
361ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ᾤχετʼ ἐπὶ κλυτὰ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων, τὸν δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀνῆκεν ἀμυνέμεναι Δαναοῖσιν. αὐτίκα δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι μέγα προθορὼν ἐκέλευσεν· Ἀργεῖοι καὶ δʼ αὖτε μεθίεμεν Ἕκτορι νίκην 365Πριαμίδῃ, ἵνα νῆας ἕλῃ καὶ κῦδος ἄρηται; ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν οὕτω φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι μένει κεχολωμένος ἦτορ· κείνου δʼ οὔ τι λίην ποθὴ ἔσσεται, εἴ κεν οἳ ἄλλοι ἡμεῖς ὀτρυνώμεθʼ ἀμυνέμεν ἀλλήλοισιν. 370ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες· ἀσπίδες ὅσσαι ἄρισται ἐνὶ στρατῷ ἠδὲ μέγισται ἑσσάμενοι, κεφαλὰς δὲ παναίθῃσιν κορύθεσσι κρύψαντες, χερσίν τε τὰ μακρότατʼ ἔγχεʼ ἑλόντες ἴομεν· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἡγήσομαι, οὐδʼ ἔτι φημὶ 375Ἕκτορα Πριαμίδην μενέειν μάλα περ μεμαῶτα. ὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ μενέχαρμος, ἔχει δʼ ὀλίγον σάκος ὤμῳ, χείρονι φωτὶ δότω, ὃ δʼ ἐν ἀσπίδι μείζονι δύτω. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο· τοὺς δʼ αὐτοὶ βασιλῆες ἐκόσμεον οὐτάμενοί περ 380Τυδεΐδης Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων· οἰχόμενοι δʼ ἐπὶ πάντας ἀρήϊα τεύχεʼ ἄμειβον· ἐσθλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἔδυνε, χέρεια δὲ χείρονι δόσκεν.

So spake he and departed to the glorious tribes of men, but Poseidon he set on yet more to bear aid to the Danaans. Forthwith then he leapt forth amid the foremost, and cried aloud: Argives, are we again in good sooth to yield victory to Hector, son of Priam, that he may take the ships and win him glory? Nay, even so he saith, and vaunteth that it shall be, for that Achilles abideth by the hollow ships, filled with wrath at heart. Howbeit him shall we in no wise miss overmuch if we others bestir ourselves to bear aid one to the other. Nay, come, even as I shall bid, let us all obey. In the shields that are best in the host and largest let us harness ourselves, and our heads let us cover with helms all-gleaming, and in our hands take the longest spears, and so go forth. And I will lead the way, nor, methinks, will Hector, son of Priam, longer abide, how eager soever he be. And whoso is a man, staunch in fight, but hath a small shield on his shoulder, let him give it to a worser man, and himself harness him in a large shield. So spake he, and they readily hearkened to him, and obeyed. And the kings themselves, albeit they were wounded, set them in array, even the son of Tydeus, and Odysseus, and Atreus' son Agamemnon. And going throughout all the host, they made exchange of battle-gear. In good armour did the good warrior harness him, and to the worse they gave the worse.

383αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ νώροπα χαλκὸν βάν ῥʼ ἴμεν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφι Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων 385δεινὸν ἄορ τανύηκες ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ εἴκελον ἀστεροπῇ· τῷ δʼ οὐ θέμις ἐστὶ μιγῆναι ἐν δαῒ λευγαλέῃ, ἀλλὰ δέος ἰσχάνει ἄνδρας. Τρῶας δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκόσμει φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ. δή ῥα τότʼ αἰνοτάτην ἔριδα πτολέμοιο τάνυσσαν 390κυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ, ἤτοι ὃ μὲν Τρώεσσιν, ὃ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀρήγων. ἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα ποτὶ κλισίας τε νέας τε Ἀργείων· οἳ δὲ ξύνισαν μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ. οὔτε θαλάσσης κῦμα τόσον βοάᾳ ποτὶ χέρσον 395ποντόθεν ὀρνύμενον πνοιῇ Βορέω ἀλεγεινῇ· οὔτε πυρὸς τόσσός γε ποτὶ βρόμος αἰθομένοιο οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο καιέμεν ὕλην· οὔτʼ ἄνεμος τόσσόν γε περὶ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισι ἠπύει, ὅς τε μάλιστα μέγα βρέμεται χαλεπαίνων, 400ὅσση ἄρα Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἔπλετο φωνὴ δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων, ὅτʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ὄρουσαν.

Then when they had clothed their bodies in gleaming bronze, they set forth, and Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, led them, bearing in his strong hand a dread sword, long of edge, like unto the lightning, wherewith it is not permitted that any should mingle in dreadful war, but terror holds men aloof therefrom. But the Trojans over against them was glorious Hector setting in array. Then verily were strained the cords of war's most dreadful strife by dark-haired Poseidon and glorious Hector, bearing aid the one to the Trojans, the other to the Argives. And the sea surged up to the huts and ships of the Argives, and the two sides clashed with a mighty din. Not so loudly bellows the wave of the sea upon the shore, driven up from the deep by the dread blast of the North Wind, nor so loud is the roar of blazing fire in the glades of a nuountain when it leapeth to burn the forest, nor doth the wind shriek so loud amid the high crests of the oaks—the wind that roareth the loudest in its rage— as then was the cry of Trojans and Achaeans, shouting in terrible wise as they leapt upon each other.

402Αἴαντος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ ἔγχει, ἐπεὶ τέτραπτο πρὸς ἰθύ οἱ, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε, τῇ ῥα δύω τελαμῶνε περὶ στήθεσσι τετάσθην, 405ἤτοι ὃ μὲν σάκεος, ὃ δὲ φασγάνου ἀργυροήλου· τώ οἱ ῥυσάσθην τέρενα χρόα. χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ, ὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός, ἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων. τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀπιόντα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας 410χερμαδίῳ, τά ῥα πολλὰ θοάων ἔχματα νηῶν πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο, τῶν ἓν ἀείρας στῆθος βεβλήκει ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος ἀγχόθι δειρῆς, στρόμβον δʼ ὣς ἔσσευε βαλών, περὶ δʼ ἔδραμε πάντῃ. ὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ πληγῆς πατρὸς Διὸς ἐξερίπῃ δρῦς 415πρόρριζος, δεινὴ δὲ θεείου γίγνεται ὀδμὴ ἐξ αὐτῆς, τὸν δʼ οὔ περ ἔχει θράσος ὅς κεν ἴδηται ἐγγὺς ἐών, χαλεπὸς δὲ Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνός, ὣς ἔπεσʼ Ἕκτορος ὦκα χαμαὶ μένος ἐν κονίῃσι· χειρὸς δʼ ἔκβαλεν ἔγχος, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ἀσπὶς ἑάφθη 420καὶ κόρυς, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ βράχε τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ.

At Aias did glorious Hector first cast his spear, as he was turned full toward him, and missed him not, but smote him where the two baldrics— one of his shield and one of his silver-studded sword—were stretched across his breast; and they guarded his tender flesh. And Hector waxed wroth for that the swift shaft had flown vainly from his hand, and back he shrank into the throng of his comrades, avoiding fate. But thereupon as he drew back, great Telamonian Aias smote him with a stone; for many there were, props of the swift ships, that rolled amid their feet as they fought; of these he lifted one on high, and smote Hector on the chest over the shield-rim, hard by the neck, and set him whirling like a top with the blow; and he spun round and round. And even as when beneath the blast of father Zeus an oak falleth uprooted, and a dread reek of brimstone ariseth therefrom—then verily courage no longer possesseth him that looketh thereon and standeth near by, for dread is the bolt of great Zeus—even so fell mighty Hector forthwith to the ground in the dust. And the spear fell from his hand, but the shield was hurled upon him, and the helm withal, and round about him rang his armour dight with bronze.

421οἳ δὲ μέγα ἰάχοντες ἐπέδραμον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν ἐλπόμενοι ἐρύεσθαι, ἀκόντιζον δὲ θαμειὰς αἰχμάς· ἀλλʼ οὔ τις ἐδυνήσατο ποιμένα λαῶν οὐτάσαι οὐδὲ βαλεῖν· πρὶν γὰρ περίβησαν ἄριστοι 425Πουλυδάμας τε καὶ Αἰνείας καὶ δῖος Ἀγήνωρ Σαρπηδών τʼ ἀρχὸς Λυκίων καὶ Γλαῦκος ἀμύμων. τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τίς εὑ ἀκήδεσεν, ἀλλὰ πάροιθεν ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους σχέθον αὐτοῦ. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἑταῖροι χερσὶν ἀείραντες φέρον ἐκ πόνου, ὄφρʼ ἵκεθʼ ἵππους 430ὠκέας, οἵ οἱ ὄπισθε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο ἕστασαν ἡνίοχόν τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔχοντες· οἳ τόν γε προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον βαρέα στενάχοντα. ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο Ξάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς, 435ἔνθά μιν ἐξ ἵππων πέλασαν χθονί, κὰδ δέ οἱ ὕδωρ χεῦαν· ὃ δʼ ἀμπνύνθη καὶ ἀνέδρακεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ἑζόμενος δʼ ἐπὶ γοῦνα κελαινεφὲς αἷμʼ ἀπέμεσσεν· αὖτις δʼ ἐξοπίσω πλῆτο χθονί, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε νὺξ ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα· βέλος δʼ ἔτι θυμὸν ἐδάμνα.

Then with loud shouts they ran up, the sons of the Achaeans, hoping to drag him off, and they hurled their spears thick and fast; but no one availed to wound the shepherd of the host with thrust or with cast, for ere that might be, the bravest stood forth to guard him, even Polydamas, and Aeneas, and goodly Agenor, and Sarpedon, leader of the Lycians, and peerless Glaucus withal, and of the rest was no man unheedful of him, but before him they held their round shields; and his comrades lifted him up in their arms and bare him forth from the toil of war until he came to the swift horses that stood waiting for him at the rear of the battle and the conflict, with their charioteer and chariot richly dight. These bare him groaning heavily toward the city. But when they were now come to the ford of the fair-flowing river, even eddying Xanthus, that immortal Zeus begat, there they lifted him from the chariot to the ground and poured water upon him. And he revived, and looked up with his eyes, and kneeling on his knees he vomited forth black blood. Then again he sank back upon the ground, and both his eyes were enfolded in black night; and the blow still overwhelmed his spirit.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 14, lines 361–439: Poseidon rallies the Achaeans