Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 14.440–522: The Trojans are routed

When the Achaeans see Hector withdraw, they leap on the Trojans, and Ajax son of Oileus kills Satnius. Polydamas kills Prothoenor, Ajax son of Telamon kills Archelochus, and Acamas and Peneleos each kill a man. The Trojans flee, and the swift son of Oileus kills most of all.

Lines 14.440–522 · 938 words · click a number to copy its link
440Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὡς οὖν ἴδον Ἕκτορα νόσφι κιόντα μᾶλλον ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης. ἔνθα πολὺ πρώτιστος Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας Σάτνιον οὔτασε δουρὶ μετάλμενος ὀξυόεντι Ἠνοπίδην, ὃν ἄρα νύμφη τέκε νηῒς ἀμύμων 445Ἤνοπι βουκολέοντι παρʼ ὄχθας Σατνιόεντος. τὸν μὲν Ὀϊλιάδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην· ὃ δʼ ἀνετράπετʼ, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ Τρῶες καὶ Δαναοὶ σύναγον κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην. τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Πουλυδάμας ἐγχέσπαλος ἦλθεν ἀμύντωρ 450Πανθοΐδης, βάλε δὲ Προθοήνορα δεξιὸν ὦμον υἱὸν Ἀρηϊλύκοιο, διʼ ὤμου δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος ἔσχεν, ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ. Πουλυδάμας δʼ ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας· οὐ μὰν αὖτʼ ὀΐω μεγαθύμου Πανθοΐδαο 455χειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς ἅλιον πηδῆσαι ἄκοντα, ἀλλά τις Ἀργείων κόμισε χροΐ, καί μιν ὀΐω αὐτῷ σκηπτόμενον κατίμεν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω. ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο· Αἴαντι δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινε 460τῷ Τελαμωνιάδῃ· τοῦ γὰρ πέσεν ἄγχι μάλιστα.

But when the Argives saw Hector withdrawing, they leapt yet the more upon the Trojans, and bethought them of battle. Then far the first did swift Aias, son of Oïleus, leap upon Satnius and wound him with a thrust of his sharp spear, even the son of Enops, whom a peerless Naiad nymph conceived to Enops, as he tended his herds by the banks of Satnioeis. To him did the son of Oïleus, famed for his spear, draw nigh, and smite him upon the flank; and he fell backward, and about him Trojans and Danaans joined in fierce conflict. To him then came Polydamas, wielder of the spear, to bear him aid, even the son of Panthous, and he cast and smote upon the right shoulder Prothoënor, son of Areïlycus, and through the shoulder the mighty spear held its way; and he fell in the dust and clutched the ground with his palm. And Polydamas exulted over him in terrible wise, and cried aloud: Hah, methinks, yet again from the strong hand of the great-souled son of Panthous hath the spear leapt not in vain. Nay, one of the Argives hath got it in his flesh, and leaning thereon for a staff; methinks, will he go down into the house of Hades. So spake he, but upon the Argives came sorrow by reason of his exulting, and beyond all did he stir the soul of Aias, wise of heart, the son of Telamon, for closest to him did the man fall.

461καρπαλίμως δʼ ἀπιόντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ. Πουλυδάμας δʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν λικριφὶς ἀΐξας, κόμισεν δʼ Ἀντήνορος υἱὸς Ἀρχέλοχος· τῷ γάρ ῥα θεοὶ βούλευσαν ὄλεθρον. 465τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλεν κεφαλῆς τε καὶ αὐχένος ἐν συνεοχμῷ, νείατον ἀστράγαλον, ἀπὸ δʼ ἄμφω κέρσε τένοντε· τοῦ δὲ πολὺ προτέρη κεφαλὴ στόμα τε ῥῖνές τε οὔδεϊ πλῆντʼ ἤ περ κνῆμαι καὶ γοῦνα πεσόντος. Αἴας δʼ αὖτʼ ἐγέγωνεν ἀμύμονι Πουλυδάμαντι· 470φράζεο Πουλυδάμα καί μοι νημερτὲς ἐνίσπες ἦ ῥʼ οὐχ οὗτος ἀνὴρ Προθοήνορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι ἄξιος; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται οὐδὲ κακῶν ἔξ, ἀλλὰ κασίγνητος Ἀντήνορος ἱπποδάμοιο ἢ πάϊς· αὐτῷ γὰρ γενεὴν ἄγχιστα ἐῴκει. 475ἦ ῥʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων, Τρῶας δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβε θυμόν. ἔνθʼ Ἀκάμας Πρόμαχον Βοιώτιον οὔτασε δουρὶ ἀμφὶ κασιγνήτῳ βεβαώς· ὃ δʼ ὕφελκε ποδοῖιν. τῷ δʼ Ἀκάμας ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας· Ἀργεῖοι ἰόμωροι ἀπειλάων ἀκόρητοι 480οὔ θην οἴοισίν γε πόνος τʼ ἔσεται καὶ ὀϊζὺς ἡμῖν, ἀλλά ποθʼ ὧδε κατακτενέεσθε καὶ ὔμμες.

Swiftly then he cast with his bright spear at the other, even as he was drawing back. And Polydamas himself escaped black fate, springing to one side; but Archelochus, son of Antenor, received the spear; for to him the gods purposed death. Him the spear smote at the joining of head and neck on the topmost joint of the spine, and it shore off both the sinews. And far sooner did his head and mouth and nose reach the earth as he fell, than his legs and knees. Then Aias in his turn called aloud to peerless Polydamas: Bethink thee, Polydamas, and tell me in good sooth, was not this man worthy to be slain in requital for Prothoënor? No mean man seemeth he to me, nor of mean descent, but a brother of Antenor, tamer of horses, or haply a son; for he is most like to him in build. So spake he, knowing the truth full well, and sorrow seized the hearts of the Trojans. Then Acamas, as he bestrode his brother, smote with a thrust of his spear the Boeotian Promachus, who was seeking to drag the body from beneath him by the feet. And over him Acamas exulted in terrible wise, and cried aloud: Ye Argives, that rage with the bow, insatiate of threatenings, not for us alone, look you, shall there be toil and woe, but even in like manner shall ye too be slain.

482φράζεσθʼ ὡς ὑμῖν Πρόμαχος δεδμημένος εὕδει ἔγχει ἐμῷ, ἵνα μή τι κασιγνήτοιό γε ποινὴ δηρὸν ἄτιτος ἔῃ· τὼ καί κέ τις εὔχεται ἀνὴρ 485γνωτὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα λιπέσθαι. ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο· Πηνέλεῳ δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινεν· ὁρμήθη δʼ Ἀκάμαντος· ὃ δʼ οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ἐρωὴν Πηνελέωο ἄνακτος· ὃ δʼ οὔτασεν Ἰλιονῆα 490υἱὸν Φόρβαντος πολυμήλου, τόν ῥα μάλιστα Ἑρμείας Τρώων ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσε· τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ μήτηρ μοῦνον τέκεν Ἰλιονῆα. τὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ ὀφρύος οὖτα κατʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο θέμεθλα, ἐκ δʼ ὦσε γλήνην· δόρυ δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο διὰ πρὸ 495καὶ διὰ ἰνίου ἦλθεν, ὃ δʼ ἕζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας ἄμφω· Πηνέλεως δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσεν, ἀπήραξεν δὲ χαμᾶζε αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη· ἔτι δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος ἦεν ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ· ὃ δὲ φὴ κώδειαν ἀνασχὼν 500πέφραδέ τε Τρώεσσι καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα· εἰπέμεναί μοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοῦ Ἰλιονῆος πατρὶ φίλῳ καὶ μητρὶ γοήμεναι ἐν μεγάροισιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἣ Προμάχοιο δάμαρ Ἀλεγηνορίδαο ἀνδρὶ φίλῳ ἐλθόντι γανύσσεται, ὁππότε κεν δὴ 505ἐκ Τροίης σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν.

Mark how your Promachus sleepeth, vanquished by my spear, to the end that the blood-price of my brother be not long unpaid. Aye, and for this reason doth a man pray that a kinsman be left him in his halls, to be a warder off of ruin. So spake he, and upon the Argives came sorrow by reason of his exulting, and beyond all did he stir the soul of wise-hearted Peneleos. He rushed upon Acamas, but Acamas abode not the onset of the prince Peneleos. Howbeit Peneleos thrust and smote Ilioneus, son of Phorbas, rich in herds, whom Hermes loved above all the Trojans and gave him wealth; and to him the mother bare Ilioneus, an only child. Him then did Peneleos smite beneath the brow at the roots of the eyes, and drave out the eyeball, and the shaft went clean through the eye and through the nape ot the neck, and he sank down stretching out both his hands. But Peneleos drawing his sharp sword let drive full upon his neck, and smote off to the the ground the head with the helmet, and still the mighty spear stood in the eye; and holding it on high like a poppy-head he shewed it to the Trojans, and spake a word exultingly: Tell, I pray you, ye Trojans, to the dear father and the mother of lordly Ilioneus to make wailing in their halls, for neither will the wife of Promachus, son of Alegenor, rejoice in the coming of her dear husband, when we youths of the Achdeans return with our ships from out of Troy-land.

506ὣς φάτο, τοὺς δʼ ἄρα πάντας ὑπὸ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα, πάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον. ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι ὅς τις δὴ πρῶτος βροτόεντʼ ἀνδράγριʼ Ἀχαιῶν 510ἤρατʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἔκλινε μάχην κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος. Αἴας ῥα πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος Ὕρτιον οὖτα Γυρτιάδην Μυσῶν ἡγήτορα καρτεροθύμων· Φάλκην δʼ Ἀντίλοχος καὶ Μέρμερον ἐξενάριξε· Μηριόνης δὲ Μόρυν τε καὶ Ἱπποτίωνα κατέκτα, 515Τεῦκρος δὲ Προθόωνά τʼ ἐνήρατο καὶ Περιφήτην· Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειθʼ Ὑπερήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς ἄφυσσε δῃώσας· ψυχὴ δὲ κατʼ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν ἔσσυτʼ ἐπειγομένη, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε. 520πλείστους δʼ Αἴας εἷλεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱός· οὐ γάρ οἵ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπισπέσθαι ποσὶν ἦεν ἀνδρῶν τρεσσάντων, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς ἐν φόβον ὄρσῃ.

So spake he, and thereat trembling seized the limbs of them all, and each man gazed about to see how he might escape utter destruction. Tell me now, ye Muses, that have dwellings on Olympus, who was first of the Achaeans to bear away the bloody spoils of warriors, when once the famed Shaker of Earth had turned the battle. Aias verily was first, the son of Telamon. He smote Hyrtius, the son of Gyrtius, leader of the Mysians stalwart of heart; and Antilochus stripped the spoils from Phalces and Mermerus, and Meriones slew Morys and Hippotion, and Teucer laid low Prothoön and Periphetes,; thereafter Atreus' son smote with a thrust in the flank Hyperenor, shepherd of the host, and the bronze let forth the bowels, as it clove through, and his soul sped hastening through the stricken wound, and darkness enfolded his eyes. But most men did Aias slay, the swift son of Oïleus; for there was none other like him to pursue with speed of foot amid the rout of men, when Zeus turned them to flight.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.