Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 16.198–283: Achilles' prayer; Patroclus leads out the Myrmidons

Achilles marshals the Myrmidons in five companies and tells them that the battle they have wished for is theirs. He goes into his hut, takes out a cup, pours a libation to Zeus and prays that Patroclus may drive the Trojans from the ships and come back safe. Zeus grants him half his prayer, and the Myrmidons pour out like wasps with Patroclus at their head, while the Trojans, seeing him, think that Achilles has put aside his wrath and look about for a way to escape.

Lines 16.198–283 · 1004 words · click a number to copy its link
198αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντας ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς στῆσεν ἐῢ κρίνας, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε· 200Μυρμιδόνες μή τίς μοι ἀπειλάων λελαθέσθω, ἃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἀπειλεῖτε Τρώεσσι πάνθʼ ὑπὸ μηνιθμόν, καί μʼ ᾐτιάασθε ἕκαστος· σχέτλιε Πηλέος υἱὲ χόλῳ ἄρα σʼ ἔτρεφε μήτηρ, νηλεές, ὃς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἔχεις ἀέκοντας ἑταίρους· 205οἴκαδέ περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα ποντοπόροισιν αὖτις, ἐπεί ῥά τοι ὧδε κακὸς χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ. ταῦτά μʼ ἀγειρόμενοι θάμʼ ἐβάζετε· νῦν δὲ πέφανται φυλόπιδος μέγα ἔργον, ἕης τὸ πρίν γʼ ἐράασθε. ἔνθά τις ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχων Τρώεσσι μαχέσθω. 210ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου. μᾶλλον δὲ στίχες ἄρθεν, ἐπεὶ βασιλῆος ἄκουσαν. ὡς δʼ ὅτε τοῖχον ἀνὴρ ἀράρῃ πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι δώματος ὑψηλοῖο βίας ἀνέμων ἀλεείνων, ὣς ἄραρον κόρυθές τε καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι. 215ἀσπὶς ἄρʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δʼ ἀνήρ· ψαῦον δʼ ἱππόκομοι κόρυθες λαμπροῖσι φάλοισι νευόντων, ὡς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισι.

But when at length Achilles had set them all in array with their leaders, duly parting company from company, he laid upon them a stern command: Myrmidons, let no man, I bid you, be forgetful of the threats, wherewith heside the swift ships ye threatened the Trojans throughout all the time of my wrath, and upbraided me, each man of you, saying: Cruel son of Peleus, surely it was on gall that thy mother reared thee, thou pitiless one, seeing that in their own despite thou holdest back thy comrades beside the ships. Nay, homeward let us return again with our seafaring ships, since in this wise evil wrath hath fallen upon thy heart. With such words would ye ofttimes gather together and prate at me, but now is set before you a great work of war, whereof in time past ye were enamoured. Therefore let it be with valiant heart that each man fights with the Trojans. So saying, he aroused the strength and spirit of every man, and yet closer were their ranks serried when they heard their king. And as when a man buildeth the wall of a high house with close-set stones, to avoid the might of the winds, even so close were arrayed their helms and bossed shields; buckler pressed on buckler, helm upon helm, and man on man. The horse-hair crests on the bright helmet-ridges touched each other, as the men moved their heads, in such close array stood they one by another.

218πάντων δὲ προπάροιθε δύʼ ἀνέρε θωρήσσοντο Πάτροκλός τε καὶ Αὐτομέδων ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες 220πρόσθεν Μυρμιδόνων πολεμιζέμεν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς βῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην, χηλοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ πῶμʼ ἀνέῳγε καλῆς δαιδαλέης, τήν οἱ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα θῆκʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγεσθαι ἐῢ πλήσασα χιτώνων χλαινάων τʼ ἀνεμοσκεπέων οὔλων τε ταπήτων. 225ἔνθα δέ οἱ δέπας ἔσκε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος οὔτʼ ἀνδρῶν πίνεσκεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ αἴθοπα οἶνον, οὔτέ τεῳ σπένδεσκε θεῶν, ὅτε μὴ Διὶ πατρί. τό ῥα τότʼ ἐκ χηλοῖο λαβὼν ἐκάθηρε θεείῳ πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δʼ ἔνιψʼ ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι, 230νίψατο δʼ αὐτὸς χεῖρας, ἀφύσσατο δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον.

And in the front of all two warriors arrayed themselves for war, even Patroclus and Automedon, both of one mind, to war in the forefront of the Myrmidons. But Achilles went into his hut, and opened the lid of a chest, fair and richly-dight, that silver-footed Thetis had set on his ship for him to carry with him, whem she had filled it well with tunics, and cloaks to keep off the wind, and woollen rugs. Therein had he a fair-fashioned cup, wherefrom neither was any other man wont to drink the flaming wine, nor was he wont to pour drink offerings to any other of the gods save only to father Zeus. This cup he then took from the chest and cleansed it first with sulphur, and thereafter washed it in fair streams of water; and himself he washed his hands, and drew flaming wine.

231εὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον οὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών· Δία δʼ οὐ λάθε τερπικέραυνον· Ζεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικὲ τηλόθι ναίων Δωδώνης μεδέων δυσχειμέρου, ἀμφὶ δὲ Σελλοὶ 235σοὶ ναίουσʼ ὑποφῆται ἀνιπτόποδες χαμαιεῦναι, ἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο, τίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ· αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ μενέω νηῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι, 240ἀλλʼ ἕταρον πέμπω πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάρνασθαι· τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες εὐρύοπα Ζεῦ, θάρσυνον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἤ ῥα καὶ οἶος ἐπίστηται πολεμίζειν ἡμέτερος θεράπων, ἦ οἱ τότε χεῖρες ἄαπτοι 245μαίνονθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐγώ περ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος. αὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ ναῦφι μάχην ἐνοπήν τε δίηται, ἀσκηθής μοι ἔπειτα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκοιτο τεύχεσί τε ξὺν πᾶσι καὶ ἀγχεμάχοις ἑτάροισιν. ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεύς.

Then he made prayer, standing in the midst of the court, and poured forth the wine, looking up to heaven; and not unmarked was he of Zeus, that hurleth the thunderbolt: Zeus, thou king, Dodonaean, Pelasgian, thou that dwellest afar, ruling over wintry Dodona,—and about thee dwell the Selli, thine interpreters, men with unwashen feet that couch on the ground. Aforetime verily thou didst hear my word, when I prayed: me thou didst honour, and didst mightily smite the host of the Achaeans; even so now also fulfill thou for me this my desire. Myself verily will I abide in the gathering of the ships, but my comrade am I sending forth amid the host of the Myrmidons to war: with him do thou send forth glory, O Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, and make bold the heart in his breast, to the end that Hector, too, may know whether even alone my squire hath skill to fight, or whether his hands then only rage invincible, whenso I enter the turmoil of Ares. But when away from the ships he hath driven war and the din of war, thea all-unscathed let him come back to the swift ships with all his arms, and his comrades that fight in close combat. So spake he in prayer, and Zeus, the counsellor, heard him, and a part the Father granted him, and a part denied.

250τῷ δʼ ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε πατήρ, ἕτερον δʼ ἀνένευσε· νηῶν μέν οἱ ἀπώσασθαι πόλεμόν τε μάχην τε δῶκε, σόον δʼ ἀνένευσε μάχης ἐξαπονέεσθαι. ἤτοι ὃ μὲν σπείσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ ἂψ κλισίην εἰσῆλθε, δέπας δʼ ἀπέθηκʼ ἐνὶ χηλῷ, 255στῆ δὲ πάροιθʼ ἐλθὼν κλισίης, ἔτι δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ εἰσιδέειν Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπιν αἰνήν. οἳ δʼ ἅμα Πατρόκλῳ μεγαλήτορι θωρηχθέντες ἔστιχον, ὄφρʼ ἐν Τρωσὶ μέγα φρονέοντες ὄρουσαν. αὐτίκα δὲ σφήκεσσιν ἐοικότες ἐξεχέοντο 260εἰνοδίοις, οὓς παῖδες ἐριδμαίνωσιν ἔθοντες αἰεὶ κερτομέοντες ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκίʼ ἔχοντας νηπίαχοι· ξυνὸν δὲ κακὸν πολέεσσι τιθεῖσι. τοὺς δʼ εἴ περ παρά τίς τε κιὼν ἄνθρωπος ὁδίτης κινήσῃ ἀέκων, οἳ δʼ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχοντες 265πρόσσω πᾶς πέτεται καὶ ἀμύνει οἷσι τέκεσσι. τῶν τότε Μυρμιδόνες κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες ἐκ νηῶν ἐχέοντο· βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει. Πάτροκλος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας· Μυρμιδόνες ἕταροι Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος 270ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς, ὡς ἂν Πηλεΐδην τιμήσομεν, ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες, γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων ἣν ἄτην, ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν. 275ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου, ἐν δʼ ἔπεσον Τρώεσσιν ἀολλέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν. Τρῶες δʼ ὡς εἴδοντο Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν αὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα σὺν ἔντεσι μαρμαίροντας, 280πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός, ἐκίνηθεν δὲ φάλαγγες ἐλπόμενοι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα μηνιθμὸν μὲν ἀπορρῖψαι, φιλότητα δʼ ἑλέσθαι· πάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.

That Patroclus should thrust back the war and battle from the ships he granted; but that he should return safe from out the battle he denied. Achilles then, when he had poured libation and made prayer to father Zeus, went again into his tent, and laid the cup away in the chest, and came forth and stood in front of the hut; for still his heart was fain to look upon the dread conflict of Trojans and Achaeans. But they that were arrayed together with great-hearted Patroclus marched forth, until with high spirits they leapt upon the Trojans. Straightway they poured forth like wasps of the wayside, that boys are wont to stir to wrath, ever tormenting them in their nests beside the way, foolish that they are; and a common evil they make for many. And the wasps, if so be some wayfaring ran as he passeth by rouse them unwittingly, fly forth one and all in the valour of their hearts, and fight each in defence of his young; having a heart and spirit like theirs the Myrmidons then poured forth from the ships, and a cry unquenchable arose. But Patroclus called to his comrades with a loud shout: Myrmidons, ye comrades of Achilles, son of Peleus, be men, my friends, and bethink you of furious valour, to the end that we may win honour for the son of Peleus, that is far the best of the Argives by the ships, himself and his squires that fight in close combat; and that the son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon, may know his blindness in that he honoured not at all the best of the Achaeans. So saying, he roused the strength and spirit of every man, and on the Trojans they fell all in a throng, and round about them the ships echoed wondrously beneath the shouting of the Achaeans. But when the Trojans saw the valiant son of Menoetius, himself and his squire, shining in their armour, the heart of each man was stirred, and their battalions were shaken, for they deemed that by the ships the swift-footed son of Peleus had cast aside his wrath and had chosen friendliness; and each man gazed about to see how he might escape utter destruction.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.