Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 17.233–365: The Achaeans rally round the body of Patroclus

The Trojans charge in a mass, hoping to drag the body away, and Ajax tells Menelaus to call the Achaean chiefs. The Achaeans fight over the body, and Ajax kills Hippothous. Apollo, in the likeness of Periphas, urges Aeneas to stand fast, and the Achaeans fall back, though fewer of them are killed because they guard one another in the throng.

Lines 17.233–365 · 1544 words · click a number to copy its link
233ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν βρίσαντες ἔβησαν δούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς 235νεκρὸν ὑπʼ Αἴαντος ἐρύειν Τελαμωνιάδαο νήπιοι· ἦ τε πολέσσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα. καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Αἴας εἶπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον· ὦ πέπον ὦ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς οὐκέτι νῶϊ ἔλπομαι αὐτώ περ νοστησέμεν ἐκ πολέμοιο. 240οὔ τι τόσον νέκυος περιδείδια Πατρόκλοιο, ὅς κε τάχα Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνούς, ὅσσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ περιδείδια μή τι πάθῃσι, καὶ σῇ, ἐπεὶ πολέμοιο νέφος περὶ πάντα καλύπτει Ἕκτωρ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἀναφαίνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος. 245ἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἀριστῆας Δαναῶν κάλει, ἤν τις ἀκούσῃ. ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος, ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς· ὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες οἵ τε παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ 250δήμια πίνουσιν καὶ σημαίνουσιν ἕκαστος λαοῖς· ἐκ δὲ Διὸς τιμὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ.

So spake he, and they charged straight against the Danaans with all their weight, holding their spears on high, and their hearts within them were full of hope to drag the corpse froma beneath Aias, son of Telamon—fools that they were! Verily full many did he rob of life over that corpse. Then spake Aias unto Menelaus, good at the war-cry, Good Menelaus, fostered of Zeus, no more have I hope that we twain by ourselves alone shall win back from out the war. In no wise have I such dread for the corpse of Patroclus that shall presently glut the dogs and birds of the Trojans, as I have for mine own life, lest some evil befall, and for thine as well, for a cloud of war compasseth everything about, even Hector, and for us is utter destruction plain to see. Howbeit, come thou, call upon the chieftains of the Danaans, if so be any may hear. So spake he, and Menelaus, good at the war-cry, failed not to hearken, but uttered a piercing shout and called to the Danaans: Friends, leaders and rulers of the Argives, ye that at the board of the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus, drink at the common cost, and give commands each one to his folk—ye upon whom attend honour and glory from Zeus—hard is it for me to discern each man of the chieftains, in such wise is the strife of war ablaze.

252ἀργαλέον δέ μοί ἐστι διασκοπιᾶσθαι ἕκαστον ἡγεμόνων· τόσση γὰρ ἔρις πολέμοιο δέδηεν· ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω, νεμεσιζέσθω δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ 255Πάτροκλον Τρῳῇσι κυσὶν μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι. ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὀξὺ δʼ ἄκουσεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας· πρῶτος δʼ ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων ἀνὰ δηϊοτῆτα, τὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος Μηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ. 260τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τίς κεν ᾗσι φρεσὶν οὐνόματʼ εἴποι, ὅσσοι δὴ μετόπισθε μάχην ἤγειραν Ἀχαιῶν; Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐπὶ προχοῇσι διιπετέος ποταμοῖο βέβρυχεν μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ ῥόον, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἄκραι 265ἠϊόνες βοόωσιν ἐρευγομένης ἁλὸς ἔξω, τόσσῃ ἄρα Τρῶες ἰαχῇ ἴσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ ἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες φραχθέντες σάκεσιν χαλκήρεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι λαμπρῇσιν κορύθεσσι Κρονίων ἠέρα πολλὴν 270χεῦʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ Μενοιτιάδην ἔχθαιρε πάρος γε, ὄφρα ζωὸς ἐὼν θεράπων ἦν Αἰακίδαο· μίσησεν δʼ ἄρα μιν δηΐων κυσὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι Τρῳῇσιν· τὼ καί οἱ ἀμυνέμεν ὦρσεν ἑταίρους.

Nay, let every man go forth unbidden, and have shame at heart that Patroclus should become the sport of the dogs of Troy. So spake he, and swift Aias, son of Oileus, heard him clearly, and was first to come running to meet him amid the battle, and after him Idomeneus and Idomeneus' comrade, Meriones, the peer of Enyalius, slayer of men. But of the rest, what man of his own wit could name the names—of all that came after these and aroused the battle of the Achaeans? Then the Trojans drave forward in close throng, and Hector led them. And as when at the mouth of some heaven-fed river the mighty wave roareth against the stream, and the headlands of the shore echo on either hand, as the salt-sea belloweth without; even with such din of shouting came on the Trojans. But the Achaeans stood firm about the son of Menoetius with oneness of heart, fenced about with shields of bronze. And the son of Cronos shed thick darkness over their bright helms, for even aforetime was the son of Menoetius nowise hated of him, while he was yet alive and the squire of the son of Aeacus; and now was Zeus full loath that he should become the sport of the dogs of his foemen, even them of Troy; wherefore Zeus roused his comrades to defend him.

274ὦσαν δὲ πρότεροι Τρῶες ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς· 275νεκρὸν δὲ προλιπόντες ὑπέτρεσαν, οὐδέ τινʼ αὐτῶν Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι ἕλον ἔγχεσιν ἱέμενοί περ, ἀλλὰ νέκυν ἐρύοντο· μίνυνθα δὲ καὶ τοῦ Ἀχαιοὶ μέλλον ἀπέσσεσθαι· μάλα γάρ σφεας ὦκʼ ἐλέλιξεν Αἴας, ὃς περὶ μὲν εἶδος, περὶ δʼ ἔργα τέτυκτο 280τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα. ἴθυσεν δὲ διὰ προμάχων συῒ εἴκελος ἀλκὴν καπρίῳ, ὅς τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι κύνας θαλερούς τʼ αἰζηοὺς ῥηϊδίως ἐκέδασσεν, ἑλιξάμενος διὰ βήσσας· ὣς υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ἀγαυοῦ φαίδιμος Αἴας 285ῥεῖα μετεισάμενος Τρώων ἐκέδασσε φάλαγγας οἳ περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βέβασαν, φρόνεον δὲ μάλιστα ἄστυ πότι σφέτερον ἐρύειν καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι. ἤτοι τὸν Λήθοιο Πελασγοῦ φαίδιμος υἱὸς Ἱππόθοος ποδὸς ἕλκε κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην 290δησάμενος τελαμῶνι παρὰ σφυρὸν ἀμφὶ τένοντας Ἕκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσι χαριζόμενος· τάχα δʼ αὐτῷ ἦλθε κακόν, τό οἱ οὔ τις ἐρύκακεν ἱεμένων περ.

And first the Trojans drave back the bright-eyed Achaeans, who left the corpse and shrank back before them; howbeit not a man did the Trojans high of heart slay with their spears, albeit they were fain, but they set them to hale the corpse. Yet for but scant space were the Achaeans to hold back therefrom, for full speedily did Aias rally them—Aias that in comeliness and in deeds of war was above all the other Danaans next to the peerless son of Peleus. Straight through the foremost fighters he strode, in might like a wild boar that, amid the mountains lightly scattereth hounds and lusty youths when he wheeleth upon them in the glades; even so the son of lordly Telamon, glorious Aias, when he had got among them lightly scattered the battalions of the Trojans, that had taken their stand above Patroclus, and were fain above all to hale him to their city, and get them glory. Now Hippothous, the glorious son of Pelasgian Lethus, was dragging the corpse by the foot through the fierce conflict, and had bound his baldric about the tendons of either ankle, doing pleasure unto Hector and the Trojans. But full swiftly upon him came evil that not one of them could ward off, how fain soever they were.

293τὸν δʼ υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ἐπαΐξας διʼ ὁμίλου πλῆξʼ αὐτοσχεδίην κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου· 295ἤρικε δʼ ἱπποδάσεια κόρυς περὶ δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ πληγεῖσʼ ἔγχεΐ τε μεγάλῳ καὶ χειρὶ παχείῃ, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ παρʼ αὐλὸν ἀνέδραμεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς αἱματόεις· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη μένος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν Πατρόκλοιο πόδα μεγαλήτορος ἧκε χαμᾶζε 300κεῖσθαι· ὃ δʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτοῖο πέσε πρηνὴς ἐπὶ νεκρῷ τῆλʼ ἀπὸ Λαρίσης ἐριβώλακος, οὐδὲ τοκεῦσι θρέπτρα φίλοις ἀπέδωκε, μινυνθάδιος δέ οἱ αἰὼν ἔπλεθʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος μεγαθύμου δουρὶ δαμέντι. Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτʼ Αἴαντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ· 305ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος τυτθόν· ὃ δὲ Σχεδίον μεγαθύμου Ἰφίτου υἱὸν Φωκήων ὄχʼ ἄριστον, ὃς ἐν κλειτῷ Πανοπῆϊ οἰκία ναιετάασκε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἀνάσσων, τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ κληῗδα μέσην· διὰ δʼ ἀμπερὲς ἄκρη 310αἰχμὴ χαλκείη παρὰ νείατον ὦμον ἀνέσχε· δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.

For the son of Telamon, darting upon him through the throng, smote him from close at hand through the helmet with cheek-pieces of bronze; and the helm with horse-hair crest was cloven about the spear-point, smitten by the great spear and the strong hand; and the brain spurted forth from the wound along the socket of the spear all mingled with blood. There then his strength was loosed, and from his hands he let fall to lie upon the ground the foot of great-hearted Patroclus, and hard thereby himself fell headlong upon the corpse, far from deep-soiled Larissa; nor paid he back to his dear parents the recompense of his upbringing, and but brief was the span of his life, for that he was laid low by the spear of great-souled Aias. And Hector in turn cast at Aias with his bright spear, but Aias, looking steadily at him, avoided the spear of bronze albeit by a little, and Hector smote Schedius, son of great-souled Iphitus, far the best of the Phocians, that dwelt in a house in famous Panopeus, and was king over many men. Him Hector smote beneath the midst of the collar-bone, and clean through passed the point of bronze, and came out beneath the base of the shoulder. And he fell with a thud, and upon him his armour clanged.

312Αἴας δʼ αὖ Φόρκυνα δαΐφρονα Φαίνοπος υἱὸν Ἱπποθόῳ περιβάντα μέσην κατὰ γαστέρα τύψε· ῥῆξε δὲ θώρηκος γύαλον, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς 315ἤφυσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ. χώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ· Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγα ἴαχον, ἐρύσαντο δὲ νεκροὺς Φόρκυν θʼ Ἱππόθοόν τε, λύοντο δὲ τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων. ἔνθά κεν αὖτε Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν 320Ἴλιον εἰσανέβησαν ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντες, Ἀργεῖοι δέ κε κῦδος ἕλον καὶ ὑπὲρ Διὸς αἶσαν κάρτεϊ καὶ σθένεϊ σφετέρῳ· ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς Ἀπόλλων Αἰνείαν ὄτρυνε δέμας Περίφαντι ἐοικὼς κήρυκι Ἠπυτίδῃ, ὅς οἱ παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι 325κηρύσσων γήρασκε φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς· τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων· Αἰνεία πῶς ἂν καὶ ὑπὲρ θεὸν εἰρύσσαισθε Ἴλιον αἰπεινήν; ὡς δὴ ἴδον ἀνέρας ἄλλους κάρτεΐ τε σθένεΐ τε πεποιθότας ἠνορέῃ τε 330πλήθεΐ τε σφετέρῳ καὶ ὑπερδέα δῆμον ἔχοντας· ἡμῖν δὲ Ζεὺς μὲν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκην· ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ τρεῖτʼ ἄσπετον οὐδὲ μάχεσθε.

And Aias in his turn smote wise-hearted Phorcys, son of Phaenops, full upon the belly as he bestrode Hippothous, and he brake the plate of his corselet, and the bronze let forth the bowels there-through; and he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in his palm. Thereat the foremost fighters and glorious Hector gave ground, and the Argives shouted aloud, and drew off the dead, even Phorcys and Hippothous, and set them to strip the armour from their shoulders. Then would the Trojans have been driven again by the Achaeans, dear to Ares, up to Ilios, vanquished in their cowardice, and the Argives would have won glory even beyond the allotment of Zeus, by reason of their might and their strength, had not Apollo himself aroused Aeneas, taking upon him the form of the herald, Periphas, son of Epytos, that in the house of his old father had grown old in his heraldship, and withal was of kindly mind toward him. In his likeness spake unto Aeneas the son of Zeus, Apollo: Aeneas, how could ye ever guard steep Ilios, in defiance of a god? In sooth I have seen other men that had trust in their strength and might, in their valour and in their host, and that held their realm even in defiance of Zeus. But for us Zeus willeth the victory far more than for the Danaans; yet yourselves ye have measureless fear, and fight not.

333ὣς ἔφατʼ, Αἰνείας δʼ ἑκατηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα ἔγνω ἐς ἄντα ἰδών, μέγα δʼ Ἕκτορα εἶπε βοήσας· 335Ἕκτόρ τʼ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι Τρώων ἀγοὶ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων αἰδὼς μὲν νῦν ἥδε γʼ ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν Ἴλιον εἰσαναβῆναι ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντας. ἀλλʼ ἔτι γάρ τίς φησι θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγχι παραστὰς Ζῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρα μάχης ἐπιτάρροθον εἶναι· 340τώ ῥʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν ἴομεν, μηδʼ οἵ γε ἕκηλοι Πάτροκλον νηυσὶν πελασαίατο τεθνηῶτα. ὣς φάτο, καί ῥα πολὺ προμάχων ἐξάλμενος ἔστη· οἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν. ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Λειώκριτον οὔτασε δουρὶ 345υἱὸν Ἀρίσβαντος Λυκομήδεος ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον. τὸν δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρηΐφιλος Λυκομήδης, στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ, καὶ βάλεν Ἱππασίδην Ἀπισάονα ποιμένα λαῶν ἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν, 350ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Παιονίης ἐριβώλακος εἰληλούθει, καὶ δὲ μετʼ Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι. τὸν δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρήϊος Ἀστεροπαῖος, ἴθυσεν δὲ καὶ ὃ πρόφρων Δαναοῖσι μάχεσθαι· ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε· σάκεσσι γὰρ ἔρχατο πάντῃ 355ἑσταότες περὶ Πατρόκλῳ, πρὸ δὲ δούρατʼ ἔχοντο. Αἴας γὰρ μάλα πάντας ἐπῴχετο πολλὰ κελεύων· οὔτέ τινʼ ἐξοπίσω νεκροῦ χάζεσθαι ἀνώγει οὔτέ τινα προμάχεσθαι Ἀχαιῶν ἔξοχον ἄλλων, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ βεβάμεν, σχεδόθεν δὲ μάχεσθαι. 360ὣς Αἴας ἐπέτελλε πελώριος, αἵματι δὲ χθὼν δεύετο πορφυρέῳ, τοὶ δʼ ἀγχιστῖνοι ἔπιπτον νεκροὶ ὁμοῦ Τρώων καὶ ὑπερμενέων ἐπικούρων καὶ Δαναῶν· οὐδʼ οἳ γὰρ ἀναιμωτί γε μάχοντο, παυρότεροι δὲ πολὺ φθίνυθον· μέμνηντο γὰρ αἰεὶ 365ἀλλήλοις ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἀλεξέμεναι φόνον αἰπύν.

So spake he, and Aeneas knew Apollo that smiteth afar, when he looked upon his face, and he called aloud, and spake to Hector: Hector, and ye other leaders of the Trojans and allies, shame verily were this, if before the Achaeans, dear to Ares, we be driven back to Ilios, vanquished in our cowardice. Howbeit even yet, declareth one of the gods that stood by my side, is Zeus, the counsellor most high, our helper in the fight. Wherefore let us make straight for the Danaans, and let it not be at their ease that they bring to the ships the dead Patroclus. So spake he, and leapt forth far to the front of the foremost fighters, and there stood. And they rallied, and took their stand with their faces toward the Achaeans. Then Aeneas wounded with a thrust of his spear Leocritus, son of Arisbas and valiant comrade of Lycomedes. And as he fell Lycomedes, dear to Ares, had pity for him, and came and stood hard by and with a cast of his bright spear smote Apisaon, son of Hippasus, shepherd of the host, in the liver, below the midriff, and straightway loosed his knees—Apisaon that was come from out of deep-soiled Paeonia, and next to Asteropaeus was preeminent above them all in fight. But as he fell warlike Asteropaeus had pity for him, and he too rushed onward, fain to fight with the Danaans; howbeit thereto could he no more avail, for with shields were they fenced in on every side, as they stood around Patroclus, and before them they held their spears. For Aias ranged to and fro among them and straitly charged every man; not one, he bade them, should give ground backward from the corpse, nor yet fight in front of the rest of the Achaeans as one pre-eminent above them all; but stand firm close beside the corpse and do battle hand to hand. Thus mighty Aias charged them, and the earth grew wet with dark blood, and the dead fell thick and fast alike of the Trojans and their mighty allies, and of the Danaans; for these too fought not without shedding of blood, howbeit fewer of them by far were falling; for they ever bethought them to ward utter destruction from one another in the throng.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 17, lines 233–365: The Achaeans rally round the…