Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 16.284–418: Patroclus drives the Trojans from the ships

Patroclus is first to cast his spear and kills Pyraechmes, the leader of the Paeonians, by the stern of Protesilaus' ship, and he drives the Trojans from the ships and puts out the fire. The Danaan chiefs each kill a man, and the Trojan horses leap the ditch in flight as Hector turns his chariot and leaves his men to be killed. Patroclus presses on and cuts down many more in the rout.

Lines 16.284–418 · 1534 words · click a number to copy its link
284Πάτροκλος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ 285ἀντικρὺ κατὰ μέσσον, ὅθι πλεῖστοι κλονέοντο, νηῒ πάρα πρυμνῇ μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου, καὶ βάλε Πυραίχμην, ὃς Παίονας ἱπποκορυστὰς ἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπʼ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος· τὸν βάλε δεξιὸν ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι 290κάππεσεν οἰμώξας, ἕταροι δέ μιν ἀμφεφόβηθεν Παίονες· ἐν γὰρ Πάτροκλος φόβον ἧκεν ἅπασιν ἡγεμόνα κτείνας, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι. ἐκ νηῶν δʼ ἔλασεν, κατὰ δʼ ἔσβεσεν αἰθόμενον πῦρ. ἡμιδαὴς δʼ ἄρα νηῦς λίπετʼ αὐτόθι· τοὶ δὲ φόβηθεν 295Τρῶες θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ· Δαναοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο νῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· ὅμαδος δʼ ἀλίαστος ἐτύχθη. ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀφʼ ὑψηλῆς κορυφῆς ὄρεος μεγάλοιο κινήσῃ πυκινὴν νεφέλην στεροπηγερέτα Ζεύς, ἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι 300καὶ νάπαι, οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ, ὣς Δαναοὶ νηῶν μὲν ἀπωσάμενοι δήϊον πῦρ τυτθὸν ἀνέπνευσαν, πολέμου δʼ οὐ γίγνετʼ ἐρωή· οὐ γάρ πώ τι Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν προτροπάδην φοβέοντο μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν, 305ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἄρʼ ἀνθίσταντο, νεῶν δʼ ὑπόεικον ἀνάγκῃ.

Then Patroclus was first to cast with his bright spear straight into the midst where men thronged the thickest, even by the stern of the ship of great-souled Protesilaus, and smote Pyraechmes, that had led the Paeonians, lords of chariots, out of Amydon, from the wide-flowing Axius. Him he smote on the right shoulder, and backward in the dust he fell with a groan, and about him his comrades were driven in rout, even the Paeonians, for upon them all had Patroclus sent panic, when he slew their leader that was pre-eminent in fight. From out the ships then he drave them, and quenched the blazing fire. And half-burnt the ship was left there, but the Trojans were driven in rout with a wondrous din, and the Danaans poured in among the hollow ships, and a ceaseless din arose. And as when from the high crest of a great mountain Zeus, that gathereth the lightnings, moveth a dense cloud away, and forth to view appear all mountain peaks, and high headlands, and glades, and from heaven breaketh open the infinite air; even so the Danaans, when they had thrust back from the ships consuming fire, had respite for a little time; howbeit there was no ceasing from war. For not yet were the Trojans driven in headlong rout by the Achaeans, dear to Ares, from the black ships, but still they sought to withstand them, and gave ground from the ships perforce.

306ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης ἡγεμόνων. πρῶτος δὲ Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς αὐτίκʼ ἄρα στρεφθέντος Ἀρηϊλύκου βάλε μηρὸν ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε· 310ῥῆξεν δʼ ὀστέον ἔγχος, ὃ δὲ πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ κάππεσʼ· ἀτὰρ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος οὖτα Θόαντα στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα. Φυλεΐδης δʼ Ἄμφικλον ἐφορμηθέντα δοκεύσας ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος, ἔνθα πάχιστος 315μυὼν ἀνθρώπου πέλεται· περὶ δʼ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ νεῦρα διεσχίσθη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε. Νεστορίδαι δʼ ὃ μὲν οὔτασʼ Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος, λαπάρης δὲ διήλασε χάλκεον ἔγχος· ἤριπε δὲ προπάροιθε. Μάρις δʼ αὐτοσχεδὰ δουρὶ 320Ἀντιλόχῳ ἐπόρουσε κασιγνήτοιο χολωθεὶς στὰς πρόσθεν νέκυος· τοῦ δʼ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρὶν οὐτάσαι, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, ὦμον ἄφαρ· πρυμνὸν δὲ βραχίονα δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ δρύψʼ ἀπὸ μυώνων, ἀπὸ δʼ ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε· 325δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, κατὰ δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.

Then man slew man of the chieftains as the fight was scattered. First the valiant son of Menoetius smote the thigh of Areilycus with a cast of his sharp spear at the moment when he turned to flee, and drave the bronze clean through; and the spear brake the bone, and he fell on his face on the ground. And warlike Menelaus thrust and smote Thoas on the breast, where it was left bare beside the shield, and loosed his limbs. And the son of Phyleus as he watched Amphiclus that was rushing upon him, proved quicker than his foe, and smote him upon the base of the leg, where a man's muscle is thickest; and round about the spear-point the sinews were rent apart; and darkness enfolded his eyes. Then of the sons of Nestor, the one, Antilochus, thrust at Atymnius with his sharp spear, and drave the spear of bronze through his flank; and he fell forward. But Maris, hard at hand, rushed upon Antilochus with his spear, wroth for his brother's sake, and took his stand before the dead; howbeit godlike Thrasymedes was too quick for him, and forthwith ere his foe could thrust, smote upon his shoulder, and missed not; but the point of the spear shore the base of the arm away from the muscles, and utterly brake asunder the bone; and he fell with a thud, and darkness enfolded his eyes.

326ὣς τὼ μὲν δοιοῖσι κασιγνήτοισι δαμέντε βήτην εἰς Ἔρεβος Σαρπηδόνος ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι υἷες ἀκοντισταὶ Ἀμισωδάρου, ὅς ῥα Χίμαιραν θρέψεν ἀμαιμακέτην πολέσιν κακὸν ἀνθρώποισιν. 330Αἴας δὲ Κλεόβουλον Ὀϊλιάδης ἐπορούσας ζωὸν ἕλε βλαφθέντα κατὰ κλόνον· ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος πλήξας ξίφει αὐχένα κωπήεντι. πᾶν δʼ ὑπεθερμάνθη ξίφος αἵματι· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε ἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή. 335Πηνέλεως δὲ Λύκων τε συνέδραμον· ἔγχεσι μὲν γὰρ ἤμβροτον ἀλλήλων, μέλεον δʼ ἠκόντισαν ἄμφω· τὼ δʼ αὖτις ξιφέεσσι συνέδραμον. ἔνθα Λύκων μὲν ἱπποκόμου κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ καυλὸν φάσγανον ἐρραίσθη· ὃ δʼ ὑπʼ οὔατος αὐχένα θεῖνε 340Πηνέλεως, πᾶν δʼ εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος, ἔσχεθε δʼ οἶον δέρμα, παρηέρθη δὲ κάρη, ὑπέλυντο δὲ γυῖα. Μηριόνης δʼ Ἀκάμαντα κιχεὶς ποσὶ καρπαλίμοισι νύξʼ ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενον κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον· ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς.

So these twain, overcome by twain brethren, went their way to Erebus, goodly comrades of Sarpedon, spearmen sons of Araisodarus, him that reared the raging Chimaera, a bane to many men. And Aias, son of Oileus, leapt upon Cleobulus, and caught him alive, entangled in the throng; but even there he loosed his might, smiting him upon the neck with his hilted sword. Thereat all the blade grew warm with his blood, and down over his eyes came dark death and mighty fate. Then Peneleos and Lyco rushed together, for with their spears either had missed the other, and both had cast in vain; but again they rushed together with their swords. Then Lyco let drive upon the horn of the helm with horse-hair crest, and the sword was shattered at the hilt; but Peneleos smote him upon the neck beneath the ear, and all the blade sank in, so that naught but the skin held fast, and the head hung to one side, and his limbs were loosed. And Meriones with swift strides overtook Acamas, and thrust and smote him, even as he was mounting his car, upon the right shoulder; and he fell from his car and down over his eyes a mist was shed.

345Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ Ἐρύμαντα κατὰ στόμα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ νύξε· τὸ δʼ ἀντικρὺ δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξεπέρησε νέρθεν ὑπʼ ἐγκεφάλοιο, κέασσε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέα λευκά· ἐκ δʼ ἐτίναχθεν ὀδόντες, ἐνέπλησθεν δέ οἱ ἄμφω αἵματος ὀφθαλμοί· τὸ δʼ ἀνὰ στόμα καὶ κατὰ ῥῖνας 350πρῆσε χανών· θανάτου δὲ μέλαν νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν. οὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν ἕλον ἄνδρα ἕκαστος. ὡς δὲ λύκοι ἄρνεσσιν ἐπέχραον ἢ ἐρίφοισι σίνται ὑπʼ ἐκ μήλων αἱρεύμενοι, αἵ τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι ποιμένος ἀφραδίῃσι διέτμαγεν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες 355αἶψα διαρπάζουσιν ἀνάλκιδα θυμὸν ἐχούσας· ὣς Δαναοὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐπέχραον· οἳ δὲ φόβοιο δυσκελάδου μνήσαντο, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς. Αἴας δʼ ὃ μέγας αἰὲν ἐφʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ ἵετʼ ἀκοντίσσαι· ὃ δὲ ἰδρείῃ πολέμοιο 360ἀσπίδι ταυρείῃ κεκαλυμμένος εὐρέας ὤμους σκέπτετʼ ὀϊστῶν τε ῥοῖζον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκόντων. ἦ μὲν δὴ γίγνωσκε μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην· ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἀνέμιμνε, σάω δʼ ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους.

Then Idomeneus smote Erymas upon the mouth with a thrust of the pitiless bronze, and clean through passed the spear of bronze beneath the brain, and clave asunder the white bones; and his teeth were shaken out, and both his eyes were filled with blood; and up through mouth and nostrils he spurted blood as he gaped, and a black cloud of death enfolded him. These, then, leaders of the Damans, slew each his man. And as murderous wolves fall upon lambs or kids, choosing them from out the flocks, when through the witlessness of the shepherd they are scattered among the mountains, and the wolves seeing it, forthwith harry the young whose hearts know naught of valour; even so the Damans fell upon the Trojans, and they bethougnt them of ill-sounding flight, and forgat their furious valour. And the great Aias was ever fain to cast his spear at Hector, harnessed in bronze, but he in his cunning of war, his broad shoulders covered with shield of bull's-hide, ever watched the whirring of arrows and the hurtling of spears. In sooth he knew the tide of victory was turning, but even so he abode, and sought to save his trustv comrades.

364ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπʼ Οὐλύμπου νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω 365αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ, ὣς τῶν ἐκ νηῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε, οὐδὲ κατὰ μοῖραν πέραον πάλιν. Ἕκτορα δʼ ἵπποι ἔκφερον ὠκύποδες σὺν τεύχεσι, λεῖπε δὲ λαὸν Τρωϊκόν, οὓς ἀέκοντας ὀρυκτὴ τάφρος ἔρυκε. 370πολλοὶ δʼ ἐν τάφρῳ ἐρυσάρματες ὠκέες ἵπποι ἄξαντʼ ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ λίπον ἅρματʼ ἀνάκτων, Πάτροκλος δʼ ἕπετο σφεδανὸν Δαναοῖσι κελεύων Τρωσὶ κακὰ φρονέων· οἳ δὲ ἰαχῇ τε φόβῳ τε πάσας πλῆσαν ὁδούς, ἐπεὶ ἂρ τμάγεν· ὕψι δʼ ἀέλλη 375σκίδναθʼ ὑπὸ νεφέων, τανύοντο δὲ μώνυχες ἵπποι ἄψορρον προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων. Πάτροκλος δʼ ᾗ πλεῖστον ὀρινόμενον ἴδε λαόν, τῇ ῥʼ ἔχʼ ὁμοκλήσας· ὑπὸ δʼ ἄξοσι φῶτες ἔπιπτον πρηνέες ἐξ ὀχέων, δίφροι δʼ ἀνακυμβαλίαζον. 380ἀντικρὺ δʼ ἄρα τάφρον ὑπέρθορον ὠκέες ἵπποι ἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα, πρόσσω ἱέμενοι, ἐπὶ δʼ Ἕκτορι κέκλετο θυμός· ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι.

And as when from Olympus a cloud fareth toward heaven out of the bright air, when Zeus spreadeth forth the tempest, even so from the ships came the shouting and the rout of these; nor was it in good order that they crossed the trench again. Hector verily did his swift-footed horses bear forth with his battle-gear, and he left the hosts of Troy, whom the digged trench held back against their will. And in the trench many pairs of swift horses, drawers of chariots, brake the pole at the end, and left the chariots of their lords. But Patroclus followed after, calling fiercely to the Danaans, with purpose of evil toward the Trojans, while they with shouting and in flight filled all the ways, now that their ranks were broken; and on high a cloud of dust was spread up beneath the clouds, and the single-hoofed horses strained back toward the city from the ships and the huts. And Patroclus, wheresoever he saw the greatest throng huddled in rout, thither would with shouting; and beneath his axle-trees men kept falling headlong from their cars, and the chariots were overturned. And straight over the trench leapt the swift horses—the immortal horses that the gods gave as glorious gifts to Peleus—in their onward flight, and against Hector did the heart of Patroclus urge him on, for he was fain to smite him; but his swift horses ever bare Hector forth.

384ὡς δʼ ὑπὸ λαίλαπι πᾶσα κελαινὴ βέβριθε χθὼν 385ἤματʼ ὀπωρινῷ, ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕδωρ Ζεύς, ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄνδρεσσι κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ, οἳ βίῃ εἰν ἀγορῇ σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας, ἐκ δὲ δίκην ἐλάσωσι θεῶν ὄπιν οὐκ ἀλέγοντες· τῶν δέ τε πάντες μὲν ποταμοὶ πλήθουσι ῥέοντες, 390πολλὰς δὲ κλιτῦς τότʼ ἀποτμήγουσι χαράδραι, ἐς δʼ ἅλα πορφυρέην μεγάλα στενάχουσι ῥέουσαι ἐξ ὀρέων ἐπικάρ, μινύθει δέ τε ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων· ὣς ἵπποι Τρῳαὶ μεγάλα στενάχοντο θέουσαι. Πάτροκλος δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πρώτας ἐπέκερσε φάλαγγας, 395ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἔεργε παλιμπετές, οὐδὲ πόληος εἴα ἱεμένους ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ μεσηγὺ νηῶν καὶ ποταμοῦ καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο κτεῖνε μεταΐσσων, πολέων δʼ ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν. ἔνθʼ ἤτοι Πρόνοον πρῶτον βάλε δουρὶ φαεινῷ 400στέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα· δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δὲ Θέστορα Ἤνοπος υἱὸν δεύτερον ὁρμηθείς· ὃ μὲν εὐξέστῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ ἧστο ἀλείς· ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν ἡνία ἠΐχθησαν· ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ νύξε παραστὰς 405γναθμὸν δεξιτερόν, διὰ δʼ αὐτοῦ πεῖρεν ὀδόντων, ἕλκε δὲ δουρὸς ἑλὼν ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος, ὡς ὅτε τις φὼς πέτρῃ ἔπι προβλῆτι καθήμενος ἱερὸν ἰχθὺν ἐκ πόντοιο θύραζε λίνῳ καὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ· ὣς ἕλκʼ ἐκ δίφροιο κεχηνότα δουρὶ φαεινῷ, 410κὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ στόμʼ ἔωσε· πεσόντα δέ μιν λίπε θυμός. αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἐρύλαον ἐπεσσύμενον βάλε πέτρῳ μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη ἐν κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ κάππεσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής. 415αὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἐρύμαντα καὶ Ἀμφοτερὸν καὶ Ἐπάλτην Τληπόλεμόν τε Δαμαστορίδην Ἐχίον τε Πύριν τε Ἰφέα τʼ Εὔιππόν τε καὶ Ἀργεάδην Πολύμηλον πάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.

And even as beneath a tempest the whole black earth is oppressed, on a day in harvest-time, when Zeus poureth forth rain most violently, whenso in anger he waxeth wroth against men that by violence give crooked judgments in the place of gathering, and drive justice out, recking not of the vengeance of the gods; and all their rivers flow in flood, and many a hillside do the torrents furrow deeply, and down to the dark sea they rush headlong from the mountains with a mighty roar, and the tilled fields of men are wasted; even so mighty was the roar of the mares of Troy as they sped on. But when Patroclus had cut off the foremost battalions, he hemmed them back again towards the ships and would not suffer them for all their eagerness to set foot in the city, but in the mid-space between the ships and the river and the high wall he rushed among them and slew them, and got him vengeance for many a slain comrade. There verily he first smote Pronous with a cast of his bright spear, upon the breast where it was left bare beside the shield, and loosed his limbs; and he fell with a thud. Next upon Thestor, son of Enops, he rushed. Crouching he sat in his polished car, for his wits were distraught with terror, and the reins had slipped from his hands, but Patroclus drew nigh to him, and smote him upon the right jaw with his spear, and drave it through his teeth; and he laid hold of the spear and dragged him over the chariot-rim, as when a man sitting upon a jutting rock draggeth to land a sacred fish from out the sea, with line and gleaming hook of bronze; even so on the bright spear dragged he him agape from out the car, and cast him down upon his face; and life left him as he fell. Then as Erylaus rushed upon him, he smote him full upon the head with a stone, and his head was wholly cloven asunder within the heavy helmet; and he fell headlong upon the earth, and death, that slayeth the spirit, was shed about him. Thereafter Erymas and Amphoterus, and Epaltes, and Tlepolemus, son of Damastor, and Echius and Pyris, and Ipheus and Evippus, and Polymelus, son of Argeas, all these one after another he brought down to the bounteous earth.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad Book 16, lines 284–418: Patroclus drives the Trojans…