Homer · Iliad Ἰλιάς

Homer, Iliad 16.508–631: The fight over Sarpedon's body

Glaucus, wounded in the arm, prays to Apollo, who heals him, and Glaucus then rouses Polydamas, Agenor, Aeneas and Hector to fight for Sarpedon. Hector leads the Trojans against Patroclus, who calls on the two Ajaxes to hold the body, and the two sides fight round it. Zeus spreads deadly strife over the body, and Hector gives ground.

Lines 16.508–631 · 1442 words · click a number to copy its link
508Γλαύκῳ δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος γένετο φθογγῆς ἀΐοντι· ὠρίνθη δέ οἱ ἦτορ ὅ τʼ οὐ δύνατο προσαμῦναι. 510χειρὶ δʼ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα· τεῖρε γὰρ αὐτὸν ἕλκος, ὃ δή μιν Τεῦκρος ἐπεσσύμενον βάλεν ἰῷ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο, ἀρὴν ἑτάροισιν ἀμύνων. εὐχόμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι· κλῦθι ἄναξ ὅς που Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ 515εἲς ἢ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ· δύνασαι δὲ σὺ πάντοσʼ ἀκούειν ἀνέρι κηδομένῳ, ὡς νῦν ἐμὲ κῆδος ἱκάνει. ἕλκος μὲν γὰρ ἔχω τόδε καρτερόν, ἀμφὶ δέ μοι χεὶρ ὀξείῃς ὀδύνῃσιν ἐλήλαται, οὐδέ μοι αἷμα τερσῆναι δύναται, βαρύθει δέ μοι ὦμος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ· 520ἔγχος δʼ οὐ δύναμαι σχεῖν ἔμπεδον, οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι ἐλθὼν δυσμενέεσσιν. ἀνὴρ δʼ ὤριστος ὄλωλε Σαρπηδὼν Διὸς υἱός· ὃ δʼ οὐ οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει. ἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μοι ἄναξ τόδε καρτερὸν ἕλκος ἄκεσσαι, κοίμησον δʼ ὀδύνας, δὸς δὲ κράτος, ὄφρʼ ἑτάροισι 525κεκλόμενος Λυκίοισιν ἐποτρύνω πολεμίζειν, αὐτός τʼ ἀμφὶ νέκυι κατατεθνηῶτι μάχωμαι. ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.

But upon Glaucus came dread grief as he heard the voice of Sarpedon, and his heart was stirred, for that he availed not to succour him. And with his hand he caught and pressed his arm, for his wound tormented him, the wound that Teucer, while warding off destruction from his comrades, had dealt him with his arrow as he rushed upon the high wall. Then in prayer he spake to Apollo, that smiteth afar: Hear me, O king that art haply in the rich land of Lycia or haply in Troy, but everywhere hast power to hearken unto a man that is in sorrow, even as now sorrow is come upon me. For I have this grievous wound and mine arm on this side and on that is shot through with sharp pangs, nor can the blood be staunched; and my shoulder is made heavy with the wound, and I avail not to grasp my spear firmly, neither to go and fight with the foe-men. And a man far the noblest hath perished, even Sarpedon, the son of Zeus; and he succoureth not his own child. Howbeit, do thou, O king, heal me of this grievous wound, and lull my pains, and give me might, that I may call to my comrades, the Lycians, and urge them on to fight, and myself do battle about the body of him that is fallen in death. So spake he in prayer, and Phoebus Apollo heard him.

528αὐτίκα παῦσʼ ὀδύνας ἀπὸ δʼ ἕλκεος ἀργαλέοιο αἷμα μέλαν τέρσηνε, μένος δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε θυμῷ. 530Γλαῦκος δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ γήθησέν τε ὅττί οἱ ὦκʼ ἤκουσε μέγας θεὸς εὐξαμένοιο. πρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνεν Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας πάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα μετὰ Τρῶας κίε μακρὰ βιβάσθων 535Πουλυδάμαντʼ ἔπι Πανθοΐδην καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον, βῆ δὲ μετʼ Αἰνείαν τε καὶ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστήν, ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· Ἕκτορ νῦν δὴ πάγχυ λελασμένος εἰς ἐπικούρων, οἳ σέθεν εἵνεκα τῆλε φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης 540θυμὸν ἀποφθινύθουσι· σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλεις ἐπαμύνειν. κεῖται Σαρπηδὼν Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων, ὃς Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ· τὸν δʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλῳ δάμασʼ ἔγχεϊ χάλκεος Ἄρης. ἀλλὰ φίλοι πάρστητε, νεμεσσήθητε δὲ θυμῷ, 545μὴ ἀπὸ τεύχεʼ ἕλωνται, ἀεικίσσωσι δὲ νεκρὸν Μυρμιδόνες, Δαναῶν κεχολωμένοι ὅσσοι ὄλοντο, τοὺς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἐπέφνομεν ἐγχείῃσιν.

Forthwith he made his pains to cease, and staunched the black blood that flowed from his grievous wound, and put might into his heart. And Glaucus knew in his mind, and was glad that the great god had quickly heard his prayer. First fared he up and down everywhere and urged on the leaders of the Lycians to fight for Sarpedon, and thereafter went with long strides into the midst of the Trojans, unto Polydamas, son of Panthous, and goodly Agenor, and he went after Aeneas, and after Hector, harnessed in bronze. And he came up to him and spake winged words, saying: Hector, now in good sooth art thou utterly forgetful of the allies, that for thy sake far from their friends and their native land are wasting their lives away, yet thou carest not to aid them. Low lies Sarpedon, leader of the Lycian shieldmen, he that guarded Lycia by his judgments and his might. Him hath brazen Ares laid low beneath the spear of Patroclus. Nay, friends, take your stand beside him, and have indignation in heart, lest the Myrmidons strip him of his armour and work shame upon his corpse, being wroth for the sake of all the Danaans that have perished, whom we slew with our spears at the swift ships.

548ὣς ἔφατο, Τρῶας δὲ κατὰ κρῆθεν λάβε πένθος ἄσχετον, οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν, ἐπεί σφισιν ἕρμα πόληος 550ἔσκε καὶ ἀλλοδαπός περ ἐών· πολέες γὰρ ἅμʼ αὐτῷ λαοὶ ἕποντʼ, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι· βὰν δʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν λελιημένοι· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν Ἕκτωρ χωόμενος Σαρπηδόνος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς ὦρσε Μενοιτιάδεω Πατροκλῆος λάσιον κῆρ· 555Αἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ· Αἴαντε νῦν σφῶϊν ἀμύνεσθαι φίλον ἔστω, οἷοί περ πάρος ἦτε μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἢ καὶ ἀρείους. κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὃς πρῶτος ἐσήλατο τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν Σαρπηδών· ἀλλʼ εἴ μιν ἀεικισσαίμεθʼ ἑλόντες, 560τεύχεά τʼ ὤμοιιν ἀφελοίμεθα, καί τινʼ ἑταίρων αὐτοῦ ἀμυνομένων δαμασαίμεθα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ. ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀλέξασθαι μενέαινον. οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Μυρμιδόνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί, 565σύμβαλον ἀμφὶ νέκυι κατατεθνηῶτι μάχεσθαι δεινὸν ἀΰσαντες· μέγα δʼ ἔβραχε τεύχεα φωτῶν.

So spake he, and the Trojans were utterly seized with grief, unbearable, overpowering; for Sarpedon was ever the stay of their city, albeit he was a stranger from afar; for much people followed with him, and among them he was himself pre-eminent in fight. And they made straight for the Danaans full eagerly, and Hector led them, in wrath for Sarpedon's sake. But the Achaeans were urged on by Patroclus, of the shaggy heart, son of Menoetius. To the twain Aiantes spake he first, that were of themselves full eager: Ye twain Aiantes, now be it your will to ward off the foe, being of such valour as of old ye were amid warriors, or even braver. Low lies the man that was first to leap within the wall of the Achaeans, even Sarpedon. Nay, let us seek to take him, and work shame upon his body, and strip the armour from his shoulders, and many a one of his comrades that seek to defend his body let us slay with the pitiless bronze. So spake he, and they even of themselves were eager to ward off the foe. Then when on both sides they had made strong their battalions, the Trojans and Lycians, and the Myrmidons and Achaeans, they joined battle to fight for the body of him that was fallen in death, with terrible shouting; and loud rang the harness of men.

567Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπὶ νύκτʼ ὀλοὴν τάνυσε κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ, ὄφρα φίλῳ περὶ παιδὶ μάχης ὀλοὸς πόνος εἴη. ὦσαν δὲ πρότεροι Τρῶες ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς· 570βλῆτο γὰρ οὔ τι κάκιστος ἀνὴρ μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσιν υἱὸς Ἀγακλῆος μεγαθύμου δῖος Ἐπειγεύς, ὅς ῥʼ ἐν Βουδείῳ εὖ ναιομένῳ ἤνασσε τὸ πρίν· ἀτὰρ τότε γʼ ἐσθλὸν ἀνεψιὸν ἐξεναρίξας ἐς Πηλῆʼ ἱκέτευσε καὶ ἐς Θέτιν ἀργυρόπεζαν· 575οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ ῥηξήνορι πέμπον ἕπεσθαι Ἴλιον εἰς εὔπωλον, ἵνα Τρώεσσι μάχοιτο. τόν ῥα τόθʼ ἁπτόμενον νέκυος βάλε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ χερμαδίῳ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη ἐν κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ νεκρῷ 580κάππεσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής. Πατρόκλῳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄχος γένετο φθιμένου ἑτάροιο, ἴθυσεν δὲ διὰ προμάχων ἴρηκι ἐοικὼς ὠκέϊ, ὅς τʼ ἐφόβησε κολοιούς τε ψῆράς τε· ὣς ἰθὺς Λυκίων Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε 585ἔσσυο καὶ Τρώων, κεχόλωσο δὲ κῆρ ἑτάροιο.

And Zeus drew baneful night over the mighty conflict, that around his dear son might be waged the baneful toil of war. And first the Trojans drave back the bright-eyed Achaeans, for smitten was a man in no wise the worst among the Myrmidons, even the son of great-souled Agacles, goodly Epeigeus, that was king in well-peopled Budeum of old, but when he had slain a goodly man of his kin, to Peleus he came as a suppliant, and to silver-footed Thetis; and they sent him to follow with Achilles, breaker of the ranks of men, to Ilios, famed for its horses, that he might fight with the Trojans. Him, as he was laying hold of the corpse, glorious Hector smote upon the head with a stone; and his head was wholly cloven asunder within the heavy helmet, and he fell headlong upon the corpse, and death, that slayeth the spirit, was shed about him. Then over Patroclus came grief for his slain comrade, and he charged through the foremost fighters like a fleet falcon that driveth in flight daws and starlings; even so straight against the Lycians, O Patroclus, master of horsemen, and against the Trojans didst thou charge, and thy heart was full of wrath for thy comrade.

586καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε Σθενέλαον Ἰθαιμένεος φίλον υἱὸν αὐχένα χερμαδίῳ, ῥῆξεν δʼ ἀπὸ τοῖο τένοντας. χώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ. ὅσση δʼ αἰγανέης ῥιπὴ ταναοῖο τέτυκται, 590ἥν ῥά τʼ ἀνὴρ ἀφέῃ πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων, τόσσον ἐχώρησαν Τρῶες, ὤσαντο δʼ Ἀχαιοί. Γλαῦκος δὲ πρῶτος Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων ἐτράπετʼ, ἔκτεινεν δὲ Βαθυκλῆα μεγάθυμον 595Χάλκωνος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Ἑλλάδι οἰκία ναίων ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσι. τὸν μὲν ἄρα Γλαῦκος στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ στρεφθεὶς ἐξαπίνης, ὅτε μιν κατέμαρπτε διώκων· δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· πυκινὸν δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβʼ Ἀχαιούς, 600ὡς ἔπεσʼ ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ· μέγα δὲ Τρῶες κεχάροντο, στὰν δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἰόντες ἀολλέες· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ ἀλκῆς ἐξελάθοντο, μένος δʼ ἰθὺς φέρον αὐτῶν. ἔνθʼ αὖ Μηριόνης Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν Λαόγονον θρασὺν υἱὸν Ὀνήτορος, ὃς Διὸς ἱρεὺς 605Ἰδαίου ἐτέτυκτο, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ.

And he smote Sthenelaus, the dear son of Ithaemenes, on the neck with a stone, and brake away therefrom the sinews; and the foremost fighters and glorious Hector gave ground. Far as is the flight of a long javelin, that a man casteth, making trial of his strength, in a contest, haply, or in war beneath the press of murderous foemen, even so far did the Trojans draw back, and the Achaeans drave them. And Glaucus first, the leader of the Lycian shieldmen, turned him about, and slew great-souled Bathycles, the dear son of Chalcon, him that had his abode in Hellas, and for wealth and substance was pre-eminent among the Myrmidons. Him did Glaucus smite full upon the breast with a thrust of his spear, turning suddenly upon rum, when the other was about to overtake him in pursuit. And he fell with a thud, and sore grief gat hold of the Achaeans, for that a good man was fallen; but mightily did the Trojans rejoice. And they came in throngs and took their stand about him, nor did the Achaeans forget their valour, but bare their might straight toward the foe. Then Meriones slew a warrior of the Trojans, in full armour, Laogonus, the bold son of Onetor, one that was priest of Idaean Zeus, and was honoured of the folk even as a god: him he smote beneath the jaw under the ear, and forthwith his spirit departed from his limbs, and hateful darkness gat hold of hinu.

606τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος· ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς ᾤχετʼ ἀπὸ μελέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν. Αἰνείας δʼ ἐπὶ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον ἧκεν· ἔλπετο γὰρ τεύξεσθαι ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντος. 610ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος· πρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν οὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης. αἰχμὴ δʼ Αἰνείαο κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης 615ᾤχετʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἅλιον στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὄρουσεν. Αἰνείας δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐχώσατο φώνησέν τε· Μηριόνη τάχα κέν σε καὶ ὀρχηστήν περ ἐόντα ἔγχος ἐμὸν κατέπαυσε διαμπερές, εἴ σʼ ἔβαλόν περ. τὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης δουρικλυτὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα· 620Αἰνεία χαλεπόν σε καὶ ἴφθιμόν περ ἐόντα πάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος, ὅς κέ σευ ἄντα ἔλθῃ ἀμυνόμενος· θνητὸς δέ νυ καὶ σὺ τέτυξαι. εἰ καὶ ἐγώ σε βάλοιμι τυχὼν μέσον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, αἶψά κε καὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν καὶ χερσὶ πεποιθὼς 625εὖχος ἐμοὶ δοίης, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ. ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἐνένιπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός· Μηριόνη τί σὺ ταῦτα καὶ ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν ἀγορεύεις; ὦ πέπον οὔ τοι Τρῶες ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσι νεκροῦ χωρήσουσι· πάρος τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει. 630ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου, ἐπέων δʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ· τὼ οὔ τι χρὴ μῦθον ὀφέλλειν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.

And Aeneas cast at Meriones his spear of bronze, for he hoped to smite him as he advanced under cover of his shield. But Meriones, looking steadily at him, avoided the spear of bronze; for he stooped forward, and the long spear fixed itself in the ground behind him, and the butt of the spear quivered; howbeit there at length did mighty Ares stay its fury. [And the lance of Aeneas sank quivering down into the earth, for that it sped in vain from his mighty hand.] Then Aeneas waxed wroth at heart, and spake, saying: Meriones, full soon, for all thou art a nimble dancer, would my spear have made thee to cease dancing for ever, had I but struck thee. And Meriones, famed for his spear, made answer: Aeneas, hard were it for thee, valiant though thou art, to quench the might of every man, whosoever cometh against thee to rake defence. Of mortal stuff, I ween, art thou as well. If so be I should cast, and smite thee fairly with my sharp spear, quickly then, for all thou art strong and trustest in thy hands, shouldst thou yield glory to me, and thy soul to Hades of the goodly steeds. So spake he, but the valiant son of Menoetius rebuked him, saying: Meriones, wherefore dost thou, that art a man of valour, speak on this wise? Good friend, it is not for words of reviling that the Trojans will give ground from the corpse; ere that shall the earth hold many a one. For in our hands is the issue of war; that of words is in the council. Wherefore it beseemeth not in any wise to multiply words, but to fight.

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English translation by Augustus Taber Murray (1924). Original text: David B. Monro and Thomas W. Allen (eds.), Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., vols. 1-2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908-1920 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus); English: Augustus Taber Murray, Homer, The Iliad, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924-1925.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Iliad 16.508–631: The fight over Sarpedon's body | Homer