Virgil · Aeneid Aeneis

Virgil, Aeneid 4.279–392: Aeneas prepares to leave; Dido's reproach

Aeneas is struck with horror by the message and quietly orders Mnestheus, Sergestus and Serestus to ready the fleet. Dido learns of it through Rumour and confronts him, pleading and accusing him of betrayal. Aeneas answers that he never claimed to be her husband and that the gods and Apollo command him to go to Italy. Dido rages, calls him pitiless, and curses him before her maidens carry her away.

Lines 4.279–392 · 1204 words · click a number to copy its link
279At vero Aeneas aspectu obmutuit amens, 280arrectaeque horrore comae, et vox faucibus haesit. Ardet abire fuga dulcisque relinquere terras, attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum. Heu quid agat? Quo nunc reginam ambire furentem audeat adfatu? Quae prima exordia sumat? 285Atque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc, in partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat. Haec alternanti potior sententia visa est: Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum, classem aptent taciti sociosque ad litora cogant, 290arma parent, et quae rebus sit causa novandis dissimulent; sese interea, quando optuma Dido nesciat et tantos rumpi non speret amores, temptaturum aditus, et quae mollissima fandi tempora, quis rebus dexter modus. Ocius omnes 295imperio laeti parent ac iussa facessunt. At regina dolos—quis fallere possit amantem? praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros, omnia tuta timens. Eadem impia Fama furenti detulit armari classem cursumque parari.

Aeneas at the sight stood terror-dumb
with choking voice and horror-rising hair.
He fain would fly at once and get him gone
from that voluptuous land, much wondering
at Heaven's wrathful word. Alas! how stir?
What cunning argument can plead his cause
before th' infuriate Queen? How break such news?
Flashing this way and that, his startled mind
makes many a project and surveys them all.
But, pondering well, his final counsel stopped
at this resolve: he summoned to his side
Mnestheus, Sergestus, and Serestus bold,
and bade them fit the fleet, all silently
gathering the sailors and collecting gear,
but carefully dissembling what emprise
such novel stir intends: himself the while
(Since high-born Dido dreamed not love so fond
could have an end) would seek an audience,
at some indulgent time, and try what shift
such matters may require. With joy they heard,
and wrought, assiduous, at their prince's plan.
But what can cheat true love? The Queen foreknew
his stratagem, and all the coming change
perceived ere it began. Her jealous fear
counted no hour secure. That unclean tongue
of Rumor told her fevered heart the fleet
was fitting forth, and hastening to be gone.

300Saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho orgia, nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron. Tandem his Aenean compellat vocibus ultro: 305Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum posse nefas, tacitusque mea decedere terra? Nec te noster amor, nec te data dextera quondam, nec moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido? Quin etiam hiberno moliris sidere classem, 310et mediis properas aquilonibus ire per altum, crudelis? Quid, si non arva aliena domosque ignotas peteres, sed Troia antiqua maneret, Troia per undosum peteretur classibus aequor Mene fugis? Per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te 315(quando aliud mihi iam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui) per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quicquam dulce meum, miserere domus labentis, et istam— oro, si quis adhuc precibus locus—exue mentem.

Distractedly she raved, and passion-tossed
roamed through her city, like a Maenad roused
by the wild rout of Bacchus, when are heard
the third year's orgies, and the midnight scream
to cold Cithaeron calls the frenzied crew.
Finding Aeneas, thus her plaint she poured:
“Didst hope to hide it, false one, that such crime
was in thy heart,—to steal without farewell
out of my kingdom? Did our mutual joy
not move thee; nor thine own true promise given
once on a time? Nor Dido, who will die
a death of sorrow? Why compel thy ships
to brave the winter stars? Why off to sea
so fast through stormy skies? O, cruelty!
If Troy still stood, and if thou wert not bound
for alien shore unknown, wouldst steer for Troy
through yonder waste of waves? Is it from me
thou takest flight? O, by these flowing tears,
by thine own plighted word (for nothing more
my weakness left to miserable me),
by our poor marriage of imperfect vow,
if aught to me thou owest, if aught in me
ever have pleased thee—O, be merciful
to my low-fallen fortunes! I implore,
if place be left for prayer, thy purpose change!

320Te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni odere, infensi Tyrii; te propter eundem exstinctus pudor, et, qua sola sidera adibam, fama prior. Cui me moribundam deseris, hospes? Hoc solum nomen quoniam de coniuge restat. 325Quid moror? An mea Pygmalion dum moenia frater destruat, aut captam ducat Gaetulus Iarbas? Saltem si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, 330non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer. Dixerat. Ille Iovis monitis immota tenebat lumina, et obnixus curam sub corde premebat. Tandem pauca refert: Ego te, quae plurima fando enumerare vales, numquam, regina, negabo 335promeritam; nec me meminisse pigebit Elissae, dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos regit artus. Pro re pauca loquar. Neque ego hanc abscondere furto speravi—ne finge—fugam, nec coniugis umquam praetendi taedas, aut haec in foedera veni.

Because of thee yon Libyan savages
and nomad chiefs are grown implacable,
and my own Tyrians hate me. Yes, for thee
my chastity was slain and honor fair,
by which alone to glory I aspired,
in former days. To whom dost thou in death
abandon me? my guest!—since but this name
is left me of a husband! Shall I wait
till fell Pygmalion, my brother, raze
my city walls? Or the Gaetulian king,
Iarbas, chain me captive to his car? .
O, if, ere thou hadst fled, I might but bear
some pledge of love to thee, and in these halls
watch some sweet babe Aeneas at his play,
whose face should be the memory of thine own —
I were not so forsaken, Iost, undone!”
She said. But he, obeying Jove's decree,
gazed steadfastly away; and in his heart
with strong repression crushed his cruel pain;
then thus the silence broke: “O Queen, not one
of my unnumbered debts so strongly urged
would I gainsay. Elissa's memory
will be my treasure Iong as memory holds,
or breath of life is mine. Hear my brief plea!
'T was not my hope to hide this flight I take,
as thou hast dreamed. Nay, I did never light
a bridegroom's torch, nor gave I thee the vow
of marriage.

340Me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam auspiciis et sponte mea componere curas, urbem Troianam primum dulcisque meorum reliquias colerem, Priami tecta alta manerent, et recidiva manu posuissem Pergama victis. 345Sed nunc Italiam magnam Gryneus Apollo, Italiam Lyciae iussere capessere sortes: hic amor, haec patria est. Si te Karthaginis arces, Phoenissam, Libycaeque aspectus detinet urbis, quae tandem, Ausonia Teucros considere terra, 350invidia est? Et nos fas extera quaerere regna. Me patris Anchisae, quotiens umentibus umbris nox operit terras, quotiens astra ignea surgunt, admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago; me puer Ascanius capitisque iniuria cari, 355quem regno Hesperiae fraudo et fatalibus arvis. Nunc etiam interpres divom, Iove missus ab ipso— testor utrumque caput—celeris mandata per auras detulit; ipse deum manifesto in lumine vidi intrantem muros, vocemque his auribus hausi.

Had my destiny decreed,
that I should shape life to my heart's desire,
and at my own will put away the weight
of foil and pain, my place would now be found
in Troy, among the cherished sepulchres
of my own kin, and Priam's mansion proud
were standing still; or these my loyal hands
had rebuilt Ilium for her vanquished sons.
But now to Italy Apollo's power
commands me forth; his Lycian oracles
are loud for Italy. My heart is there,
and there my fatherland. If now the towers
of Carthage and thy Libyan colony
delight thy Tyrian eyes; wilt thou refuse
to Trojan exiles their Ausonian shore?
I too by Fate was driven, not less than thou,
to wander far a foreign throne to find.
Oft when in dewy dark night hides the world,
and flaming stars arise, Anchises' shade
looks on me in my dreams with angered brow.
I think of my Ascanius, and the wrong
to that dear heart, from whom I steal away
Hesperia, his destined home and throne.
But now the winged messenger of Heaven,
sent down by Jove (I swear by thee and me!),
has brought on winged winds his sire's command.
My own eyes with unclouded vision saw
the god within these walls; I have received
with my own ears his word.

360Desine meque tuis incendere teque querelis: Italiam non sponte sequor. Talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur, huc illuc volvens oculos, totumque pererrat luminibus tacitis, et sic accensa profatur: 365Nec tibi diva parens, generis nec Dardanus auctor, perfide; sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens Caucasus, Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera tigres. Nam quid dissimulo, aut quae me ad maiora reservo? Num fletu ingemuit nostro? Num lumina flexit? 370Num lacrimas victus dedit, aut miseratus amantem est? Quae quibus anteferam? Iam iam nec maxuma Iuno, nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis. Nusquam tuta fides. Eiectum litore, egentem excepi, et regni demens in parte locavi; 375amissam classem, socios a morte reduxi. Heu furiis incensa feror! Nunc augur Apollo, nunc Lyciae sortes, nunc et Iove missus ab ipso interpres divom fert horrida iussa per auras. Scilicet is Superis labor est, ea cura quietos 380sollicitat. Neque te teneo, neque dicta refello. I, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per undas. Spero equidem mediis, si quid pia numina possunt, supplicia hausurum scopulis, et nomine Dido saepe vocaturum. Sequar atris ignibus absens, 385et, cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus, omnibus umbra locis adero. Dabis, improbe, poenas. Audiam et haec Manis veniet mihi fama sub imos. His medium dictis sermonem abrumpit, et auras aegra fugit, seque ex oculis avertit et aufert, 390linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem dicere. Suscipiunt famulae, conlapsaque membra marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt.

No more inflame
with lamentation fond thy heart and mine.
'T is not my own free act seeks Italy.”
She with averted eyes and glance that rolled
speechless this way and that, had listened long
to his reply, till thus her rage broke forth:
“No goddess gave thee birth. No Dardanus
begot thy sires. But on its breast of stone
Caucasus bore thee, and the tigresses
of fell Hyrcania to thy baby lip
their udders gave. Why should I longer show
a lying smile? What worse can I endure?
Did my tears draw one sigh? Did he once drop
his stony stare? or did he yield a tear
to my lament, or pity this fond heart?
Why set my wrongs in order? Juno, now,
and Jove, the son of Saturn, heed no more
where justice lies. No trusting heart is safe
in all this world. That waif and castaway
I found in beggary and gave him share—
fool that I was!—in my own royal glory.
His Iost fleet and his sorry crews I steered
from death away. O, how my fevered soul
unceasing raves! Forsooth Apollo speaks!
His Lycian oracles! and sent by Jove
the messenger of Heaven on fleeting air
the ruthless bidding brings! Proud business
for gods, I trow, that such a task disturbs
their still abodes! I hold thee back no more,
nor to thy cunning speeches give the lie.
Begone! Sail on to Italy, thy throne,
through wind and wave! I pray that, if there be
any just gods of power, thou mayest drink down
death on the mid-sea rocks, and often call
with dying gasps on Dido's name—while I
pursue with vengeful fire. When cold death rends
the body from the breath, my ghost shall sit
forever in thy path. Full penalties
thy stubborn heart shall pay. They'll bring me never
in yon deep gulf of death of all thy woe.”
Abrupt her utterance ceased; and sick at heart
she fled the light of day, as if to shrink
from human eyes, and left Aeneas there
irresolute with horror, while his soul
framed many a vain reply. Her swooning shape
her maidens to a marble chamber bore
and on her couch the helpless limbs reposed.

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English translation by Theodore C. Williams (1910). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid of Virgil, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.