Virgil · Aeneid Aeneis

Virgil, Aeneid 4.630–705: The death of Dido

Dido sends the nurse Barce to fetch Anna, then runs to the pyre in the palace garden and takes up Aeneas's sword. She speaks a last farewell, saying she built a city and avenged her husband, and falls on the blade. Her maidens find her, and Anna rushes in, mourns, and holds her dying sister. Hera (Juno) takes pity and sends Iris, who cuts a lock of Dido's hair so that her spirit is released.

Lines 4.630–705 · 893 words · click a number to copy its link
630Haec ait, et partis animum versabat in omnis, invisam quaerens quam primum abrumpere lucem. Tum breviter Barcen nutricem adfata Sychaei; namque suam patria antiqua cinis ater habebat: Annam cara mihi nutrix huc siste sororem; 635dic corpus properet fluviali spargere lympha, et pecudes secum et monstrata piacula ducat: sic veniat; tuque ipsa pia tege tempora vitta. Sacra Iovi Stygio, quae rite incepta paravi, perficere est animus, finemque imponere curis, 640Dardaniique rogum capitis permittere flammae. Sic ait: illa gradum studio celerabat anili. At trepida, et coeptis immanibus effera Dido, sanguineam volvens aciem, maculisque trementis interfusa genas, et pallida morte futura, 645interiora domus inrumpit limina, et altos conscendit furibunda rogos, ensemque recludit Dardanium, non hos quaesitum munus in usus.

She said. From point to point her purpose flew,
seeking without delay to quench the flame
of her loathed life. Brief bidding she addressed
to Barce then, Sichaeus' nurse (her own
lay dust and ashes in a lonely grave
beside the Tyrian shore), “Go, nurse, and call
my sister Anna! Bid her quickly bathe
her limbs in living water, and procure
due victims for our expiating fires.
Bid her make haste. Go, bind on thy own brow
the sacred fillet. For to Stygian Jove
it is my purpose now to consummate
the sacrifice ordained, ending my woe,
and touch with flame the Trojan's funeral pyre.”
The aged crone to do her bidding ran
with trembling zeal. But Dido (horror-struck
at her own dread design, unstrung with fear,
her bloodshot eyes wide-rolling, and her cheek
twitching and fever-spotted, her cold brow
blanched with approaching death)—sped past the doors
into the palace garden; there she leaped,
a frenzied creature, on the lofty pyre
and drew the Trojan's sword; a gift not asked
for use like this! When now she saw the garb
of Ilian fashion, and the nuptial couch
she knew too well, she lingered yet awhile
for memory and tears, and, falling prone
on that cold bed, outpoured a last farewell:
“Sweet relics!

648Hic, postquam Iliacas vestes notumque cubile conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata, 650incubuitque toro, dixitque novissima verba: Dulces exuviae, dum fata deusque sinebant, accipite hanc animam, meque his exsolvite curis. Vixi, et, quem dederat cursum fortuna, peregi, et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago. 655Urbem praeclaram statui; mea moenia vidi; ulta virum, poenas inimico a fratre recepi; felix, heu nimium felix, si litora tantum numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae! Dixit, et, os impressa toro, Moriemur inultae, 660sed moriamur ait. Sic, sic iuvat ire sub umbras: Hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto Dardanus, et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis. Dixerat; atque illam media inter talia ferro conlapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore 665spumantem, sparsasque manus. It clamor ad alta atria; concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem.

Ever dear when Fate and Heaven
upon me smiled, receive my parting breath,
and from my woe set free! My life is done.
I have accomplished what my lot allowed;
and now my spirit to the world of death
in royal honor goes. The founder I
of yonder noble city, I have seen
walls at my bidding rise. I was avenged
for my slain husband: I chastised the crimes
of our injurious brother. Woe is me!
Blest had I been, beyond deserving blest,
if but the Trojan galleys ne'er had moored
upon my kingdom's bound!” So saying, she pressed
one last kiss on the couch. “Though for my death
no vengeance fall, O, give me death!” she cried.
“O thus! O thus! it is my will to take
the journey to the dark. From yonder sea
may his cold Trojan eyes discern the flames
that make me ashes! Be this cruel death
his omen as he sails!” She spoke no more.
But almost ere she ceased, her maidens all
thronged to obey her cry, and found their Queen
prone fallen on the sword, the reeking steel
still in her bloody hands. Shrill clamor flew
along the lofty halls; wild rumor spread
through the whole smitten city: loud lament,
groans and the wail of women echoed on
from roof to roof, and to the dome of air
the noise of mourning rose.

667Lamentis gemituque et femineo ululatu tecta fremunt; resonat magnis plangoribus aether, non aliter, quam si immissis ruat hostibus omnis 670Karthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deorum. Audiit exanimis, trepidoque exterrita cursu unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis per medios ruit, ac morientem nomine clamat: 675Hoc illud, germana, fuit? Me fraude petebas? Hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignes araeque parabant? Quid primum deserta querar? Comitemne sororem sprevisti moriens? Eadem me ad fata vocasses: idem ambas ferro dolor, atque eadem hora tulisset. 680His etiam struxi manibus, patriosque vocavi voce deos, sic te ut posita crudelis abessem? Exstinxti te meque, soror, populumque patresque Sidonios urbemque tuam. Date volnera lymphis abluam, et, extremus si quis super halitus errat, 685ore legam. Sic fata, gradus evaserat altos, semianimemque sinu germanam amplexa fovebat cum gemitu, atque atros siccabat veste cruores.

Such were the cry
if a besieging host should break the walls
of Carthage or old Tyre, and wrathful flames
o'er towers of kings and worshipped altars roll.
Her sister heard. Half in a swoon, she ran
with trembling steps, where thickest was the throng,
beating her breast, while with a desperate hand
she tore at her own face, and called aloud
upon the dying Queen. “Was it for this
my own true sister used me with such guile?
O, was this horrid deed the dire intent
of altars, Iofty couch, and funeral fires?
What shall I tell for chiefest of my woes?
Lost that I am! Why, though in death, cast off
thy sister from thy heart? Why not invite
one mortal stroke for both, a single sword,
one agony together? But these hands
built up thy pyre; and my voice implored
the blessing of our gods, who granted me
that thou shouldst perish thus—and I not know!
In thy self-slaughter, sister, thou hast slain
myself, thy people, the grave counsellors
of Sidon, and yon city thou didst build
to be thy throne!—Go, fetch me water, there!
That I may bathe those gashes! If there be
one hovering breath that stays, let my fond lips
discover and receive!” So saying, she sprang up
from stair to stair, and, clasping to her breast
her sister's dying form, moaned grievously,
and staunched the dark blood with her garment's fold.

688Illa, graves oculos conata attollere, rursus deficit; infixum stridit sub pectore vulnus. 690Ter sese attollens cubitoque adnixa levavit; ter revoluta toro est, oculisque errantibus alto quaesivit caelo lucem, ingemuitque reperta. Tum Iuno omnipotens, longum miserata dolorem difficilisque obitus, Irim demisit Olympo, 695quae luctantem animam nexosque resolveret artus. Nam quia nec fato, merita nec morte peribat, sed misera ante diem, subitoque accensa furore, nondum illi flavum Proserpina vertice crinem abstulerat, Stygioque caput damnaverat Orco. 700Ergo Iris croceis per caelum roscida pennis, mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, devolat, et supra caput adstitit: Hunc ego Diti sacrum iussa fero, teque isto corpore solvo. Sic ait, et dextra crinem secat: omnis et una 705dilapsus calor, atque in ventos vita recessit.

Vainly would Dido lift her sinking eyes,
but backward fell, while at her heart the wound
opened afresh; three times with straining arm
she rose; three times dropped helpless, her dimmed eyes
turned skyward, seeking the sweet light of day, —
which when she saw, she groaned. Great Juno then
looked down in mercy on that lingering pain
and labor to depart: from realms divine
she sent the goddess of the rainbow wing,
Iris, to set the struggling spirit free
and loose its fleshly coil. For since the end
came not by destiny, nor was the doom
of guilty deed, but of a hapless wight
to sudden madness stung, ere ripe to die,
therefore the Queen of Hades had not shorn
the fair tress from her forehead, nor assigned
that soul to Stygian dark. So Iris came
on dewy, saffron pinions down from heaven,
a thousand colors on her radiant way,
from the opposing sun. She stayed her flight
above that pallid brow: “I come with power
to make this gift to Death. I set thee free
from thy frail body's bound.” With her right hand
she cut the tress: then through its every limb
the sinking form grew cold; the vital breath
fled forth, departing on the viewless air.

People and places in this passage

English translation by Theodore C. Williams (1910). Original text: J. B. Greenough (ed.), The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil, Boston: Ginn and Company, 1881 (Latin text as digitised by Perseus); English: Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid of Virgil, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library); translation public domain. Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.