Nonnus of Panopolis · Dionysiaca Διονυσιακά

Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca 31.132–198: Book 31: Iris, in the shape of Night, persuades Sleep

Iris takes the shape of Night, Sleep's mother, and urges him to charm the eyes of Zeus, saying that Dionysos' torches outshine her stars and reminding him of Zeus' long wakeful nights with Alcmene. Sleep agrees to put Zeus to sleep for one day.

Lines 31.132–198 · 638 words · click a number to copy its link
132καὶ δέμας ἀλλάξασα μετάτροπον ἄσκοπος Ἶρις κυανέης ἄγνωστον ἐδύσατο Νυκτὸς ὀπωπήν· ὕπνου δʼ ἐγγὺς ἵκανε δολοπλόκος· οἷα δὲ μήτηρ 135κλεψινόοις ὀάροις ἀπατήλιον ἴαχε φωνήν·

Then Iris changed her shape, and all unseen she put on the look of dark Night unrecognizable. She came near to Sleep, weaving guile; and in his mother’s guise uttered her deceitful speech in cajoling whispers :

136τέκνον ἐμόν, τέο μέχρις ἐμὲ Κρονίδης ἀθερίζει; οὐχ ἅλις, ὡς Φαέθων με βιάζεται, ὅττι καὶ αὐτὸς Ὄρθρος ἀκοντίζει με καὶ ἠριγένεια διώκει; Ζεὺς νόθον υἷα φύτευσεν, ὅπως ἐμὸν Ὕπνον ἐλέγξῃ. 140εἷς βροτὸς αἰσχύνει με καὶ υἱέα· παννύχιος γὰρ μυστιπόλῳ σπινθῆρι φεραυγέα δαλὸν ἀνάπτων Βάκχος ἀμαλδύνει με, καὶ ἐγρήσσων σε χαλέπτει. Ὕπνε, τί πανδαμάτωρ κικλήσκεαι; οὐκέτι θέλγεις ἀνέρας ἐγρήσσοντας, ὅτι χθονίοιο Λυαίου 145κῶμον ἐμὸν νίκησε νόθον σέλας· ἡμετέρων γὰρ φαιδροτέραις δαΐδεσσι κατακρύπτει φλόγας ἄστρων. εἷς βροτὸς αἰσχύνει με φαεσφόρος, ὅττι καλύπτει, καὶ μεγάλην περ ἐοῦσαν, ἐμῆς ἀκτῖνα Σελήνης. ἅζομαι ἠριγένειαν ἐπεγγελόωσαν Ὀμίχλῃ, 150ὅττι νόθον μεθέπω νύχιον σέλας· ἀλλοτρίῳ γὰρ ποιητῷ Φαέθοντι φαείνομαι ἠματίη Νύξ. ἀλλὰ σύ μοι, φίλε κοῦρε, χολώεο δίζυγι θεσμῷ μυστιπόλοις Σατύροισι καὶ ἀγρύπνῳ Διονύσῳ· καὶ Διὸς ὑψιμέδοντος ἀθελγέα θέλξον ὀπωπὴν 155δὸς χάριν ἀχνυμένῃ σέο μητέρι, δὸς χάριν Ἥρῃ, εἰς μίαν ἠριγένειαν, ὅπως Ἰνδοῖσιν ἀρήξῃ, οὓς Σάτυροι κλονέουσι καὶ εἰσέτι Βάκχος ὀρίνει.

“My child, how long is Cronides to despise me? Is it not enough that Phaéthon does me violence, that Morning shoots me, and Dawn pursues me? Zeus has got a bastard son, just to confound my dear Sleep! One mortal by himself insults me and my son: all night long Bacchos destroys me, and provokes you, by keeping wide awake and kindling his blazing torch with mystic sparks. Why are you named Allvanquisher, Sleep? No longer you charm wakeful men, now that the spurious gleam of earthborn Lyaios has conquered my revels—for he hides the flames of my stars by brighter torches of his own. One mortal by himself insults me, a new Lightbringer who covers the beams of my Moon great as they are. I am shamed before Day when she mocks at darkness, because I have a false brightness in the night: for a foreign unnatural Sun makes me shine as if night were day. O my dear son! you must resent this on two counts—resist the mystical Satyrs, resist Dionysos the sleepless! Grant this boon to your sorrowful mother, grant this boon to Hera, and charm the charmproof eye of Zeus in the Highest, just for one day, that she may help the Indians whom the Satyrs scatter in rout and still Bacchos harries.

158Ὕπνε, τί πανδαμάτωρ κικλήσκεαι; ἢν ἐθελήσῃς, τρέψον ἐμοὶ τεὸν ὄμμα, καὶ ἑπταπύλῳ παρὰ Θήβῃ 160πάννυχον ἐγρήσσοντα πάλιν Κρονίωνα νοήσεις· λῦσον ἀτασθαλίην ἀδίκου Διός· Ἀμφιτρύων μὲν νόσφιν ἑοῦ θαλάμοιο σιδηροχίτων μετανάστης μάρναται· Ἀλκμήνῃ δὲ παρέζεται ἐνδόμυχος Ζεύς, νυμφιδίην ἀκόρητος ἔχων τρισέληνον ὀμίχλην. 165μὴ Διὸς ἐγρήσσοντος ἴδω καὶ νύκτα τετάρτην.

“O Sleep, why are you named Allvanquisher ? If it be your pleasure, pray turn your eye, and you shall perceive Cronion wakeful once again through the night in sevengate Thebes. Make an end of the wantonness of Zeus Lawbreaker ! Amphitryon is far from his bridal chamber, steelclad and in the battle ; Zeus makes himself at home by the side of Alemena, enjoying insatiate three moons of bridal darkness ! Let me not see Zeus yet wakeful for a fourth night.

166ἀλλά, τέκος, Κρονίωνι κορύσσεο, μὴ πάλιν ἄλλην, μὴ πάλιν ἐννεάκυκλον ἀναπλήσειεν ὀμίχλην. Μνημοσύνης προτέρης μιμνήσκεο· τῇ παριαύων ἐννέα νύκτας ἔμιμνεν, ἔχων ἄγρυπνον ὀπωπήν, 170οἶστρον ἔχων πολύτεκνον ἀκοιμήτων ὑμεναίων. πανδαμάτωρ θεὸς ἄλλος ὁμόπτερος, εἴκελος Ὕπνῳ, βαιὸς Ἔρως, Κρονίδην ὀλίγῳ νίκησε βελέμνῳ.

“Nay, my son, arm you against Cronion—let him not have more darkness, nine full circles more! Remember Mnemosyne in the old time before us ; how he lay by her side for nine whole nights, with eyes ever wakeful, full of passion for many children in that unresting bridal. Another allvanquishing god, winged like Sleep, little Love, conquered Cronides with a tiny dart.

173γηγενέων δʼ ἐλέαιρε γονὴν μελανόχροον Ἰνδῶν· δὸς χάριν· ὑμετέρης γὰρ ὁμόχροές εἰσι τεκούσης· 175ῥύεο κυανέους, κυανόπτερε· μηδὲ χαλέψῃς γαῖαν ἐμοῦ γενετῆρος ὁμήλικα, τῆς ἄπο μούνης πάντες ἀνεβλάστησαν, ὅσοι ναετῆρες Ὀλύμπου. μὴ τρομέοις Κρονίδην, ὅτε σύγγαμος ἵλαος Ἥρη· μὴ τρομέοις Σεμέλην, ἣν ἔφλεγεν αὐτὸς ἀκοίτης. 180οὐ στεροπὴ πυρόεσσα δυνήσεται ἰσοφαρίζειν, οὐ βροντὴ βαρύδουπος ἀρασσομένων νεφελάων· μοῦνον ἐμοὶ πτερὰ πάλλε, καὶ ἀκλινέων ἐπὶ λέκτρων μίμνει Ζεὺς ἀτίνακτος, ὅσον χρόνον, Ὕπνε, κελεύεις. ἔκλυον, ὡς ποθέεις Χαρίτων μίαν· ἀλλʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ 185οἶστρον ἔχων θαλάμοιο φυλάσσεο, μηδὲ χαλέψῃς μητέρα Πασιθέης, ζυγίην θαλαμηπόλον Ἥρην. εἰ δὲ σὺ ναιετάεις παρὰ Τηθύι Λευκάδα πέτρην. Δηριάδῃ χραίσμησον, ὃν ἤροσεν Ἰνδὸς Ὑδάσπης· γείτονι πιστὰ φύλαξον, ἐπεὶ τεὸς ἠχέτα γείτων 190Ὠκεανὸς κελάδων προπάτωρ πέλε Δηριαδῆος.

“Pity the blackskin nation of earthborn Indians! Grant this boon—for they have the same colour as your mother—save the black ones, O Blackwing! Do not provoke Earth, my father’s agemate, from whom alone we are all sprung, we who dwell in Olympos. Tremble not before Zeus, when his consort Hera is favourable : tremble not before Semele, whom her own bedfellow burnt up. No fiery lightning can equal you, no loud thunderclaps from the bursting clouds: do but flap me your wings, and Zeus lies immovable on unshaken bed, so long as you command him, Sleep! I have heard that you want one of the Graces; then if you have in your heart an itch for her bedchamber, have a care! Do not provoke Pasithea’s mother, Hera the handmaid of wedded love! And if you dwell with Tethys by the Leucadian Rock, do help Deriades the son of Indian Hydaspes: be true to a neighbour, for resounding Ocean your loud-voiced neighbour was an ancestor of Deriades.”’

191ὣς φαμένη παρέπεισε. καὶ οἷά τε μητρὸς ἀκούων ὕπνος ἀνεπτοίητο, καὶ ὤμοσεν ὄμματα θέλγειν Ζηνὸς ἀκοιμήτοιο καὶ εἰς τριτάτης δρόμον Ἠοῦς· ἀλλά μιν ᾔτεεν Ἶρις, ἵνα Κρονίωνα πεδήσῃ 195ὑπνώειν ἕνα μοῦνον ἐπὶ δρόμον ἠριγενείης. αὐτόθι δʼ Ὕπνος ἔμιμνε, δεδεγμένος εὔγαμον ὥρην.

With this appeal, she won his consent. Then Sleep as one obeying a mother started up, and swore to charm the eyes of unresting Zeus even until the third dawn should come; but Iris begged him to fasten Cronion with slumber for the course of one day only. There Sleep remained, awaiting the happy season of marriage.

197καὶ ταχινὴ πεπότητο θεὰ παλινόστιμος Ἶρις· σπερχομένη δʼ ἤγγειλεν ἀμεμφέα μῦθον ἀνάσσῃ.

Then goddess Iris returned flying at speed, and hastened to deliver her welcome message to her queen.

People and places in this passage

English translation by W. H. D. Rouse (1940). Original text: W. H. D. Rouse (ed.), Nonnos, Dionysiaca, Loeb Classical Library 344, 354, 356, London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940-1942 (Greek text as digitised by Perseus).

Greek text and translation from the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Perseus Digital Library, Greek text); translation public domain (Rouse, Loeb 1940-42: US copyright not renewed; Rouse died 1950; OCR from the Internet Archive scans). Introductions, summaries and notes © GreekMythology.com.

Dionysiaca Book 31, lines 132–198: Iris, in the shape of…